triple testcross analysis to detect epistasis and estimate
TRANSCRIPT
Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Iowa State University Capstones, Theses andDissertations
1995
Triple testcross analysis to detect epistasis andestimate genetic variances in an F2 maizepopulationDuane Paul WolfIowa State University
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Triple testcross analysis to detect epistasis and
estimate genetic variances in an F2 maize population
by
Duane Paul Wolf
A Dissertation Submitted to the
Graduate Faculty in Partial Fulfillment of the
Requirements for the Degree of
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
Department; Agronomy Major; Plant Breeding
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In arge of Major Work
For the Major Department
For the Graduate College
Iowa State University Ames, Iowa
1995
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ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION 1
LITERATURE REVIEW 3
Heterosis 3
Design III 4
Epistasis 8
Epistatic Variance 9
Epistatic Effects 12
Triple Testcross 27
MATERIALS AND METHODS 32
Genetic Materials 32
Experimental Procedures 33
Statistical Analysis 34
Genetic Analysis 40
Test for Epistasis 40
Genetic Variance Components 44
Weighted Least Squares 47
Heritabilities 54
Correlations 55
RESULTS 56
Triple Testcross 61
Means 61
Epistasis 68
Variance Components 75
iii
Triple Testcross 75
Design III 77
S, Progeny 81
Covariance Sj and Half-sibs 81
Weighted Least Squares 85
Heritabilities 105
Correlations 105
Phenotypic 105
Genetic 109
DISCUSSION 117
Epistasis 117
Variance Components 122
Weighted Least Squares 124
Implications to Maize Breeding 129
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 133
REFERENCES 135
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 143
APPENDIX A. TRIPLE TESTCROSS ANALYSES BY ENVIRONMENT 144
APPENDIX B. DESIGN III ANALYSES ACROSS ENVIRONMENTS 159
APPENDIX C. S, PROGENY ANALYSES ACROSS AND BY 166 ENVIRONMENTS
APPENDIX D. TESTCROSS AND EPISTATIC DEVIATION MEANS 179 OF TRIPLE TESTCROSS PROGENY, BY ENVIRONMENT AND ACROSS ENVIRONMENTS
APPENDIX E. S, PROGENY MEANS ACROSS ENVIRONMENTS AND 242 BY ENVIRONMENT.
iv
ABSTRACT
Maize (Zea mays L.) breeders have successfully exploited
heterosis by crossing inbred lines to develop hybrid
cultivars. Epistatic effects can contribute significantly to
the expression of heterosis for specific hybrids. The hybrid
B73 X Mol7 was a widely grown hybrid with exceptional
performance in the central U.S. Corn Belt during the late
1970's and early 1980's. It is possible that favorable
epistatic effects contributed to the performance of B73 x
Mol7. The objectives of this study were to use the triple
testcross design to determine if epistatic effects contribute
significantly to the performance of B73 x Mol7, estimate
additive and dominance genetic variances and the average level
of dominance for the Fj population derived from B73 x Mol7, and
use weighted least squares to determine the importance of
digenic epistatic variances relative to additive and dominance
variances.
The analyses of variance suggested that epistatic effects
were important for several traits. Comparison of testcross
mean determined that epistatic deviations were different from
zero for all traits. The deviation for grain yield was 7.0 g
plant"'. The B73 testcrosses contributed significantly to the
epistatic deviation for grain yield. Expression of epistasis
V
was significantly affected by environments.
Genetic variances were estimated using Design III and
weighted least squares analyses. Both analyses determined
that dominance variance was more important than additive
variance for grain yield. For other traits additive genetic
variance was more important than dominance variance. The
average level of dominance suggests overdominant gene effects
were present for grain yield.
Epistatic variances were generally not significantly
different from zero and, therefore, were relatively less
important than additive and dominance variances. For several
traits additive by additive epistatic variance decreased
estimates of additive genetic variance. In general, the
decrease in additive genetic variance was not significant.
1
INTRODUCTION
Maize (Zea mays L.) breeders have successfully exploited
heterosis for grain yield through the crossing of inbred lines
to develop hybrid cultivars. However, the nature of gene
action involved in expression of heterosis for grain yield of
elite maize hybrids remains unresolved. Information on
genetic variances, levels of dominance, and the importance of
genetic effects have contributed to a greater understanding of
the gene action involved in the expression of heterosis. The
models used to estimate these genetic parameters often assume
epistasis to be absent or of little importance.
Several studies indicate that epistasis is not a
significant component of genetic variability in maize
populations (Eberhart et al., 1966; Chi et al., 1969; Silva
and Hallauer, 1975). However, other studies have shown that
epistatic effects are important for specific combinations of
inbred lines (Bauman, 1959; Gorsline, 1961; Sprague et al.,
1962; Lamkey et al., 1995). Specific combining ability is
more important for selected lines than unselected lines,
indicating the importance of dominance and epistatic effects
in elite germplasm (Sprague and Tatum, 1942). Specific
crosses with epistatic effects likely have unique combinations
of genes contributing to heterosis. These unique combinations
are restricted to the specific cross and may be of small
2
importance in a maize population (Hallauer and Miranda, 1988).
The hybrid B73 x Mol7 was a widely grown hybrid in the
central Corn Belt of the United States in the late 1970's and
early 1980's. It was also widely grown in adapted regions
around the world. It is possible that favorable epistatic
effects contributed to the exceptional performance of this
hybrid.
Kearsey and Jinks (1968) developed the triple testcross
design by modifying the Design III (Comstock and Robinson,
1952). The modification provides a test for epistasis, while
allowing the estimation of genetic variances as provided by
the original Design III. The objectives of this study were
to use the triple testcross design to determine if epistatic
effects contribute significantly to the performance of B73 x
Mol7, estimate additive and dominance genetic variances and
the average level of dominance for the Fj population derived
from B73 X Mol7, and use weighted least squares to determine
the importance of digenic epistatic variances relative to
additive and dominance variances.
3
LITERATURE REVIEW
Heterosis
Heterosis is commonly observed for reproductive traits in
crosses between different strains or varieties of plants. The
term heterosis was first proposed by Shull in 1914 (Hayes
1952) and is described as the superiority of F, performance
over performance of the parents. Expression of heterosis is
due to non-additive genetic variance, dominance and/or
epistatic (Barker, 1979). To understand the reason for the
expression of heterosis it is necessary to understand the
relative importance of these non-additive genetic factors.
Estimates of genetic components of variance, level of
dominance and genetic effects have been utilized by maize
breeders to try and explain the expression of heterosis in
maize. While maize breeders have effectively exploited
heterosis, the genetic basis of heterosis remains unclear.
Two main genetic theories have been proposed to explain
heterosis; the overdominance and dominance hypotheses. Shull
(1908) presented the overdominance theory of heterosis. It
was based on the idea that heterozygosity per se was the cause
of heterosis. Hull (1945) coined the term 'overdominance' to
denote superiority of the heterozygote over either homozygote
at the locus level.
The dominance theory was first proposed by Bruce (1910).
4
Heterosis is a result of the accumulation, in the hybrid, of
favorable dominant growth factors contributed by each parent.
The hybrid will have more favorable factors than either
parent. Jones (1917) extended this theory to include linkage.
Linked favorable dominant loci would respond as a single loci.
If favorable dominant alleles are in repulsion phase linkage,
it would be difficult to distinguish dominance from true
overdominance.
A third consideration or theory, is that epistasis, the
interaction of non-alleles, may be an important factor in the
expression of heterosis, particularly in maize single crosses.
Epistatic effects have been observed to be important for
specific combinations of inbred lines (Bauman, 1959, Sprague
et al. 1962, Lamkey et al., 1995).
To gain a greater understanding of heterosis, maize
breeders have used the Design III mating design to determine
the average level of dominance, and other methods have been
used to determine the importance of epistasis.
Design III
The Design III mating design was developed by Comstock
and Robinson (1952) to estimate the average level of dominance
for quantitatively inherited traits. Assuming linkage
equilibrium and no epistasis, the Design III mating design is
a good design to estimate additive and dominance genetic
5
variance components for an Fj population. The Design III has
primarily been used in maize Fj populations to determine the
effects of linkage on estimates of additive and dominance
genetic variances and on the average level of dominance
(Hallauer and Miranda, 1988). Direct F-tests to determine
that dominance is present and complete are provided by the
Design III.
Comstock and Robinson (1952) discussed the effects of
linkage on estimates of additive and dominance genetic
variance, and the bias due to linkage effects can be large,
particularly in an Fj population where linkage disequilibrium
will be greatest. Additive genetic variance would be biased
upwards if coupling phase linkages predominate and downwards
if repulsion phase linkages predominate. Dominance genetic
variance would be biased upward regardless of linkage phase.
Repulsion phase linkages can cause the average level of
dominance to be estimated in the overdominant range. A test
for the effect of linkage bias can be made by advancing the F2
to successive generations by random mating, which would permit
recombination of some linked loci (Gardner et al. 1953). The
original F2 and random mated Fj synthetic generations can be
evaluated using the Design III. Estimates of additive and
dominance genetic variances and level of dominance can be
compared between generations. If repulsion phase linkages are
important random mating should decrease the average level of
6
dominance.
Gardner et al. (1953) used the design III to estimate
additive and dominance genetic variances in the Fj population
of several maize single crosses. Average level of dominance
was in the overdominant range for yield and partial to
complete dominance for other traits. The authors indicate it
may be either true overdominance or pseudo-overdominance
attributable to linkage effects.
Gardner and Lonnquist (1959) evaluated the Fj and Fi-Syn 8
generations of a maize single cross. Two samples of progeny
were developed for each generation. Sample 1 had an average
level of dominance for yield in the partial dominance range
for both generations. In sample 2 estimates of the average
level of dominance decreased for all traits from the Fj to F2-
Syn 8 generation. This supports the hypothesis that estimates
of average level of dominance in an Fj population are biased by
linkage effects. The authors suggest that the average level
of dominance is not greater than complete dominance for genes
controlling yield and other quantitative traits in maize.
However, the possibility of overdominance at one or more loci
can not be eliminated.
Moll et al. (1964) using the Design III, studied Fj
generations of two maize single crosses and advanced
generations derived by random mating. Their objective was to
determine the effect of linkage bias on estimation of genetic
7
variances. Estimates of dominance variance and average level
of dominance for grain yield decreased with random mating. In
advanced generations the average level of dominance was in the
complete dominance range. It was concluded that linkage
effects cause an upward bias in estimates of average level of
dominance from a Fj population.
Han and Hallauer (1989) used the Design III to evaluate
the Fj and Fj-Syn 5 generations from the single crosses B73 x
B84 and B73 x Mol7. Additive genetic variance estimates were
not significantly different between generations for all
traits, suggesting linkage did not bias estimates from the Fj
generation. Linkage had a positive bias on dominance variance
for grain yield, but bias was less important for other traits.
The Fj had an average level of dominance in the overdominant
range for grain yield in both crosses. The level of dominance
decreased to partial or complete dominance for the Fj-Syn 5 of
both crosses. The average level of dominance for other traits
was partial to complete dominance for both generations.
In general the Design III has shown that on average genes
controlling quantitative traits in maize F2 populations are in
the partial to complete dominance range. There has been
little support for genes with overdominance controlling
cpaantitative traits. Detection of overdominance has generally
been due to linkage.
8
Epistasis
Epistasis can be defined as the interaction of alleles at
non-homologous loci. Hollander (1955) reviewed the evolution
of the term epistasis. Bateson (1907) was the first to use
the term epistasis and applied it to a particular type of
interaction between non-alleles, which could be arranged in a
sort of cumulative series. The term epistasis was often used
to describe a two-locus interaction where one gene pair hid
the effect of another. This non-allelic interaction affecting
phenotypic expression of a qualitative trait resulted in
modified Fj ratios such as 9:3:4 and 9:7 (Hollander, 1955).
For quantitative characters epistasis is defined statistically
and not physiologically (Hallauer and Miranda, 1988).
Quantitatively epistasis describes any nonadditive interaction
between loci, in contrast to dominance effects which are due
to nonadditivity within a locus (Kempthorne, 1957). For a two
locus model epistasis is described as the failure of a gene
replacement at one locus to remain the same when a gene is
replaced at the other locus.
Maize researchers have used two general approaches to
determine the importance of epistasis. First, the magnitude
of epistatic variance, in relation to additive and dominance
variances, can be determined by using complex mating designs.
Secondly, researchers have used different methods of progeny
mean comparisons to test for the presence of epistatic
effects.
9
Epistatic Variances
Fisher (1918) was the first to partition the genetic
variance into additive, dominance, and epistatic components.
Cockerham (1954) showed that the epistatic variance could be
partitioned into additive x additive, additive x dominance,
and dominance x dominance components. Cockerham (1956)
suggested a method for the estimation of epistatic variances.
He proposed using mating Designs I and II with parents at two
levels of inbreeding to estimate epistatic variances. This
method provides sufficient independent equations for
estimation of digenic epistatic variances.
Eberhart et al. (1966) used this method on two open-
pollinated varieties, "Jarvis" and "Indian Chief". They
concluded that the additive genetic variance accounted for the
largest portion of the total genetic variance for all
characters in both varieties. Dominance variance was
important for grain yield. Epistatic variance was not an
important source of genetic variance for any traits, most
estimates were near zero or negative, and any positive
estimates had large standard errors. It was concluded that
mass, S,, or half-sib recurrent selection would be effective
for improving these varieties, because of the importance of
additive variance.
10
Stuber et al. (1966) studied genetic variance in the
cross of Jarvis and Indian Chief, by use of Design I and
Design II mating designs. Their objective was to determine
the type of gene action responsible for heterosis in an
interpopulation cross. Epistatic variance did not contribute
significantly to the genetic variability of the characters
studied. Robinson and Cockerham (1961) also did not find
evidence for epistasis in the cross of Jarvis and Indian
Chief. Additive and dominance variance were both important
components of the genetic variance for the characters studied.
Chi et al. (1969) used a complex mating design to
estimate genetic components of variance in the open-pollinated
variety "Reid Yellow Dent". Epistatic variances were
negligible relative to additive and dominance variances.
Additive variance was more important for ear height, ear
length, kernel-row number, and kernel weight. Dominance
variance was more important for plant height, ear diameter,
and grain yield.
Wright et al. (1971) used the triallel and diallel
analysis described by Rawlings and Cockerham (1962) to
estimate genetic components of variance in a strain of "Krug
Yellow Dent". Unweighted least squares and maximum likelihood
procedures were used for estimation of genetic variance
components. Significant epistatic effects were detected in
the analysis of variance, but realistic estimates of epistatic
11
variances were not obtained. Additive variance accounted for
the largest proportion and nonadditive variance a smaller
portion of the total genetic variance. Maximum likelihood
generally reduced the errors of the variance component
estimates.
Silva and Hallauer (1975) studied the importance of
epistatic variance for grain yield in the "Iowa Stiff Stalk
Synthetic". Design I and II mating designs were used to
develop half-sib and full-sib progenies. They compared
ordinary least squares, weighted least squares, and maximum
likelihood procedures for estimating genetic variance
components. Epistatic variance was not important for grain
yield. A model using additive genetic variance accounted for
93% of the total variability for grain yield. Inclusion of
dominance variance in the model accounted for 99% of the
variation and no improvement was observed when epistatic
variance was included. The estimate of dominance variance was
slightly greater than additive variance, and had less
environmental interaction. Ordinary least squares was
inadequate, while weighted least squares was an effective
method and much simpler to use than maximum likelihood.
Several problems exist when estimating components of
epistatic variance. If the frequency of genetic combinations
which exhibit epistatic effects are low the variability due to
epistasis may not be detected when effects are spread
12
throughout the population. Coefficients of the second- and
third-order genetic variance components are highly correlated
with first-order variance components, which reduces
sensitivity for detecting epistasis. Large errors are
associated with estimating variance components. The inability
to obtain convincing estimates of epistatic variance indicate
that either the genetic models used are inadequate or
epistatic variance is small relative to the total genetic
variance; it is probably a result of both factors (Hallauer
and Miranda, 1988).
Epistatic Effects
Mather (1949) developed generation means analysis to
detect epistatic effects in a cross. Anderson and Kempthorne
(1954) developed a similar analysis and applied it to
generations developed from two maize inbreds. Epistatic
components were an important part of the observed mean
genotypic values for midsilk date, ear height, and grain
yield.
Jinks (1955) applied the model of Mather (1949) to
generations derived from a wide range of diallel crosses in
maize. For several crosses significant epistatic effects for
grain yield were detected. Specific combining ability was
associated with the presence of epistatic effects, while
general combining ability was the result of uncomplicated
13
dominance.
Gamble (1962a) evaluated 15 single crosses developed from
six elite inbreds. Six generations from each cross, the
parental lines, Fi, Fj, and first backcross generations, were
evaluated in the generation means analysis developed by
Anderson and Kempthorne (1954). Dominance effects were the
most important effect for grain yield in all crosses.
Significant epistatic effects were observed in eight crosses
and were more important than additive effects. Additive x
additive and additive x dominance were the most important
epistatic effects. Gamble (1962a) reports that previous
studies show additive effects made a greater contribution to
variation for grain yield in open-pollinated varieties of
maize. The author indicates that in the development and
selection of inbred lines for yield performance, it is
possible that the importance of additive effects was reduced.
Gamble (1962b) observed that for plant height, ear length, ear
diameter, and seed weight, dominance effects accounted for the
majority of variation. Epistatic effects contributed more to
the variation of these traits than additive effects.
Hallauer and Russell (1962) used genetic populations
developed from a cross of two inbreds to estimate genetic
variance and genetic effects for days from silking to
maturity, grain moisture, and kernel weight. Epistatic
effects were significant for all traits. Dominance effects
14
were more important than additive effects. With the
assumption of no epistasis, estimates of dominance variance
were greater than zero, while estimates of additive variance
were zero for grain moisture and kernel weight. Variance
component estimates may be confounded with epistatic effects
detected in generation means analysis.
Moll et al. (1963) used generation means analysis to
study inheritance of resistance to brown spot (Physoderm
maydis) in six single crosses of maize. The majority of
variation in brown spot reaction was due to additive effects,
although, epistatic effects were present in certain crosses.
It was concluded that selection among inbreds should be
effective, because resistance of a parental inbred would be a
good indicator of resistance in the hybrid. The possible
presence of epistasis in some crosses may make selection among
hybrids necessary to obtain maximum resistance.
Russell and Eberhart (1970) studied the effects of three
gene loci on the inheritance of quantitative traits in maize.
They evaluated backcross-derived sublines of inbred B14,
differing by single marker genes. For plant and ear traits,
additive effects were more important than dominant effects,
but for grain yield dominant effects were greater. Epistatic
gene effects were also important; on average for all
characters, epistasis accounted for 41% of the variation among
genotypes.
15
Darrah and Hallauer (1972) used generation means analysis
to estimate genetic effects from four types of maize inbreds:
first-cycle lines, second-cycle lines, good lines, and poor
lines. Poor and second-cycle lines showed higher levels of
epistasis than good and first-cycle lines. Second-cycle
inbreds were selected from improved varieties or specific
crosses and are more likely to have favorable epistatic and
dominance relations. Poor inbreds expressed epistatic effects
because they had excellent performance in specific
combinations, but had poor general performance. Darrah and
Hallauer (1972) observed that inbreds selected from open
pollinated varieties (first-cycle) demonstrated more non-
additive gene action, particularly dominance effects, than was
found in open-pollinated varieties. A similar observation was
made by Gamble (1962a). In agreement with Gamble (1962 a &
b) , Darrah and Hallauer (1972) observed that for most traits
dominance effects were more important than additive or
epistatic effects.
The relationship between the level of heterozygosity and
performance of a quantitative trait can be studied to
determine if epistatic effects are present. A linear
relationship between performance and heterozygosity indicates
that epistasis is either negligible or not detectable (Martin
and Hallauer, 1976). Wright (1922) developed this
relationship based upon studies of hybrid vigor and inbreeding
16
depression in guinea pigs. Using this method Martin and
Hallauer (1976) evaluated four types of maize inbreds: first-
cycle, second-cycle, good lines, and poor lines. Epistasis
was detected more frequently in second-cycle lines compared
with first-cycle lines and more frequently in poor lines than
good lines. This was true for nearly all traits. Among
traits, epistasis was detected more frequently for ear
diameter and least frequently for yield. The authors
concluded that the greater frequency of epistasis in second-
cycle and poor lines was reasonable. Their reasoning is the
same as previously discussed by Darrah and Hallauer (1972).
Epistasis by environment interaction was significant and the
combined analysis across environments made the heterozygosity-
performance relation more linear, decreasing the importance of
epistasis. Previous studies by Robinson and Cockerham (1961)
and Sing et al. (1967) reported a linear relation in the open-
pollinated varieties Jarvis and Indian Chief. Conversely,
Sentz et al. (1954) observed a curvilinear response by
evaluating inbred lines developed from Jarvis and Indian
Chief. Based on their results and results of previous
studies, Martin and Hallauer (1976) suggested that epistatic
deviations from linearity are influenced by environment and
are a function of the genetic sample.
Comparisons of observed and predicted means of single,
three-way, and double-cross hybrids produced from elite inbred
17
lines have been used to test for the presence of epistatic
effects (Hallauer and Miranda, 1988). Favorable epistatic
combinations of genes could contribute to heterosis in a
single-cross hybrid. Recombination in a single-cross parent
used to produce double and three-way crosses could result in
the loss of these favorable epistatic combinations.
Bauman (1959) presented the general model for comparison
of single and three-way cross means. For a set of three
inbred lines a, b, and c, three-way cross ((a x b) x c)
performance in the absence of epistasis can be predicted as
the average of the two single-crosses (a x c) and (b x c).
Epistasis would be present if the performance of the three-way
cross deviates significantly from the average performance of
the single crosses.
Bauman (1959) applied this model to 32 sets of crosses
developed from elite homozygous inbreds. Sixteen sets had
significant epistatic deviations in at least 1 of 2 years for
grain yield, ear height, and kernel-row number. No deviations
were significant in the combined analysis. Bauman (1959)
reasons that sufficient degrees of freedom were not available
in the combined analysis to detect epistasis. More years and
locations would increase the power of the statistical test.
The author concluded that epistatic gene action was involved
in expression of the traits evaluated. Bauman (1959)
suggested that in some cases the epistatic deviations may be
18
similar to or part of the genotype by environment interactions
normally encountered. Some limitations of this test were: 1)
only a minimum amount of epistasis present will be detected,
2) the test is qualitative and not quantitative, 3)
cancellation of + and - effects may diminish detection of
epistasis, 4) linkage could affect estimates of epistasis, and
5) epistasis even if present may not be detected.
Gorsline (1961) applied the model of Bauman (1959) to
elite hybrids of the eastern U.S. Corn Belt. All hybrids
exhibited epistatic gene effects for several characters. He
observed interactions of epistasis with testers and concluded
that tester inbreds differed for loci involved in epistatic
gene action. Widespread and unpredictable interaction of
epistasis and environment reinforced the need for greater
testing of hybrids. He concluded that the presence of
epistatic gene effects for a particular character is dependent
on the specific cross and environment.
Sprague et al. (1962) evaluated 60 combinations of single
and three-way crosses developed from six elite inbred lines.
Thirteen of the combinations had significant epistatic
deviations between single and three-way cross means. Each of
the six lines was involved in significant epistatic
deviations. Line 0s420 was more frequently involved in
significant epistatic deviations, but 0s420 produced the
lowest mean yield in the diallel single-cross series. Line
19
B14 was least frequently involved in significant epistatic
deviations, and B14 had the highest mean yield in the diallel
single-cross series. This may suggest that epistasis does not
contribute to general combining ability. The authors suggest
that intense selection in a single-cross testing program would
insure a greater level of additive and dominance effects and
may increase epistatic interactions. They concluded that
their results and those of Bauman (1959) indicated that
epistatic gene action may be of some importance in determining
yield of commercial hybrids.
Eberhart et al. (1964) re-examined the data of Sprague et
al. (1962) to determine the effect of epistasis on predicting
all possible double-crosses from six elite inbreds. Epistatic
effects causing double-crosses to differ from their predicted
grain yield based on single and three-way crosses were
detected for numerous combinations of lines. The authors
suggest that epistatic effects were fixed in some of the
inbred lines by selection. It was concluded that epistatic
effects were not as important as genotype by environment
interactions or plot error.
Eberhart and Gardner (1966) developed a model to
characterize the means of a fixed set of varieties and variety
crosses. The model explains variation in entry means due to
additive, dominance, and additive x additive effects.
Eberhart and Hallauer (1968) applied the model to the inbred
20
lines previously evaluated by Sprague et al. (1962) and
Eberhart et al. (1964). Epistatic effects were detected for
yield, and there was no epistasis by environment interaction.
The authors determined the greatest bias to prediction of
three-way and double-cross performance based on single-cross
means was genotype by environment interaction. It was
concluded that more complex procedures to predict three-way
and double-cross performance were not necessary.
Sprague and Thomas (1967) suggested the detection of
epistasis in previous studies may be either because of the
genetic model used or because of the eliteness of the
germplasTO. Studies using least squares estimation of variance
components in open-pollinated varieties did not find evidence
for epistasis (Eberhart et al. 1966 and Stuber et al. 1966).
Conversely, studies comparing means of various generations
developed from elite inbreds have found significant epistatic
effects (Bauman, 1959, Gorsline, 1961 and Sprague et al.
1962). Sprague and Thomas (1967) compared single and three-
way crosses developed from unselected lines of the maize
variety "Midland". Their objective was to determine whether
selection plays a role in the manifestation of epistatic
effects. The unselected lines had a frequency of significant
epistatic deviations comparable to previous studies based on
single and three-way cross means. It was concluded that the
occurrence of epistatic effects in previous studies was not
21
due to the selection of lines based on hybrid performance.
The authors also concluded that differences in the importance
of epistasis between previous studies were a result of the
model used.
Stuber and Moll (1971) compared unselected with selected
lines for detecting epistatic effects. The open-pollinated
varieties of maize, Jarvis and Indian Chief, were the source
populations. Unselected random inbred lines were developed
from the original population, while selected random inbred
lines were developed from improved populations after three
cycles of reciprocal recurrent selection for grain yield.
Epistatic effects were significant for both unselected and
selected populations of Jarvis and Indian Chief.
Stuber et al. (1973) evaluated the unselected and
selected lines used by Stuber and Moll (1971) to determine the
effect of epistasis on prediction of three-way and double-
cross performance. Epistatic deviations and effects of
genotype by environment interactions caused significant bias
in hybrid predictions. The authors concluded, except for
unique, infrequent combinations of lines, strongly influenced
by epistatic effects, standard single-cross estimation of
three-way and double crosses need not be replaced.
Moreno-Gonzales and Dudley (1981) studied epistasis in
related and unrelated maize hybrids using three methods.
Elite inbreds derived from "Stiff Stalk Synthetic" and inbreds
22
related to "Lancaster Sure Crop" were used to make all
possible crosses, additionally segregating selfed and
backcross generations were developed from each cross. The
progenies were evaluated using generation means analysis,
diallel analysis, and the method of Bauman (1959). Generation
means analysis showed that dominance effects were the more
important effects for all traits. Significant epistatic
effects were found in several crosses. In diallel analysis
dominance effects were more important for yield, while
additive effects were more important for plant and ear traits.
Epistatic variation was significant but small compared with
dominance and additive variation. Epistasis was significant
in 13 of 54 three-way crosses. Epistatic deviations were
predominately positive for yield, suggesting lines selected
for yield may have certain combinations of genes expressed
favorably in hybrids. All three methods detected significant
epistasis. Generation means and diallel analyses indicate
that epistatic effects and variances, while important, were
small relative to dominance effects and variances. The small
percentage of crosses exhibiting epistasis by Bauman's (1959)
method agrees with conclusions from the other methods;
epistasis is less important than dominance.
Melchinger et al. (1986) conducted a study similar to
Moreno-Gonzalez and Dudley (1981). They evaluated early flint
and dent inbreds for genetic effects by generation means
23
analysis, diallel analysis, and comparison of single and
three-way crosses. Dominance was the most important effect
for grain yield in generation means and diallel analyses.
Epistatic effects were significant in both methods, but not as
important as dominance or additive effects. In the diallel
analysis significant negative estimates of additive x additive
epistasis for yield suggest that advantageous gene
combinations in the lines had been disrupted by recombination
in the segregating generations.
Melchinger (1987) derived the expectations of means and
variances of testcross progeny produced from parental, Fj, and
backcrosses to each parent. The generations are developed
from a cross of two pure-breeding lines. The model includes
linkage and additive by additive epistasis and allows tests
for their presence. In the absence of epistasis, the
testcross mean of a generation is a linear function of the
percentage of germplasm from the two parents. With digenic
epistasis this relationship becomes non-linear and the
direction of the curve depends on coupling or repulsion phase
linkages.
The contribution of the additive by additive effects can
be estimated by the difference of the average parental
testcross mean from the F2 testcross mean. Similarly, the
average testcross mean of the backcross generations differs
from the testcross mean of the Fj generation by 1/4 the
24
additive by additive effect measured in the first comparison.
Melchinger (1987) also derived the genotypic variances
for testcross generations, considering different situations of
epistasis and linkage. Genetic variance of testcrosses
produced from the BC, and BCj generations should be equal in
the absence of epistasis. The pooled genotypic variances of
backcrosses should be half that of the Fj generation in the
absence of epistasis. In the presence of epistasis the pooled
values may exceed half the genotypic variance of the Fj
generation.
Melchinger et al. (1988) crossed two homozygous parental
lines, their Fj, and first backcross generations to an
unrelated single-cross tester. The testcross means were fit
to models testing for linkage and digenic epistasis using
methods derived by Melchinger (1987). The nonepistatic model
accounted for 98% of variation among testcross generation
means for grain yield. Inclusion of the digenic epistatic
effect improved the fit and accounted for 99% of the
variation. Significant differences in BC, and BC2 genetic
variances indicated epistasis was present for grain yield.
Melchinger et al. (1988) concluded that although epistasis was
statistically significant, its relative importance was minor.
Lamkey et al. (1995) utilized the Melchinger (1987) model
in the evaluation of the parental, Fj, Fj-Syn 8, BC,, and BCj
generations developed from B73 x B84 testcrossed to Mol7.
25
Inbreds B73 and B84 are related so the breeding population is
similar to those utilized in commercial corn breeding
programs. The epistatic model provided the best fit and
explained 69% of the variation for grain yield. Unlinked
additive x additive epistatic effects accounted for 21% of the
variation among generation means for grain yield and 18% for
grain moisture. The significant additive by additive effect
for grain yield was 0.20 Mg ha'. The average parental
testcross mean and the F2 testcross mean differed by 0.28 Mg
ha"'. Comparison of Fj and Fj-Syn 8 testcross means show a 0.27
Mg ha' reduction in yield from Fj to the Fj-Syn 8. Since
epistasis was present the reduction in yield may be attributed
to separating pairs of alleles that have contributed to a net
positive epistatic effect. Melchinger et al. (1988) referred
to this as epistatic recombinational loss. Lamkey et al.
(1995) suggests that both linked and unlinked epistatic
effects were important in the (B73 x B84) x Mol7 testcross
populations. Evidence indicates net positive epistatic
effects are fixed in B73 and B84, and suggests that B84
contains more favorable epistatic gene combinations than B73.
The authors suggest the presence of postive epistatic effects
in B73 may explain why it has been such a successful inbred in
maize breeding programs.
Significant estimates of epistatic variance components in
maize populations generally have not been obtained, whereas
26
significant epistatic effects have been detected in numerous
studies. In autogamous and asexual crops significant
estimates of epistatic variances have been obtained.
Matzinger (1968) reported a significant estimate of additive
by additive variance for plant height in an Fj population of
tobacco {Nicotiana tobacum L.). Matzinger et al., (1960) also
observed significant additive by additive variance for plant
height and leaf length in tobacco. Both studies evaluated
full-sib and S, progeny and used least squares to estimate
genetic variance components (Matzinger and Cockerham, 1963).
Hanson and Weber (1961) obtained a significant estimate of
additive by additive variance for oil percent in an Fj
population of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.). Similarly, Brim
and Cockerham (1961) reported significant estimates of
additive by additive variance for maturity, plant height,
percent protein, and oil in soybeans. Both studies evaluated
four types of progeny from a population and used least squares
to estimate variance components. Comstock et al. (1958) and
Watkins and Spangelo (1968) observed that epistatic variances
account for a larger portion of the genetic variance for yield
in strawberries (Fragaria oval is), an asexual species. Mullin
et al. (1992) estimated genetic parameter of black spruce
(Picea mariana) by evaluation of clonally replicated full-
sibs. Additive variance was of most importance, while
epistatic variance accounted for 25 to 40% of the total
27
genetic variance for height growth. Dominance variance was
negligible. Therefore clonal selection could increase gain by
capturing (i) genetic variance due to epistasis and (ii) a
greater portion of the additive variance.
Triple Testcross
Kearsey and Jinks (1968) developed the triple testcross
(TTC) analysis as an extension of Comstock and Robinson's
(1952) Design III. The TTC can be used to detect epistasis
for quantitative traits and provide estimates of additive and
dominance genetic variance in the absence of epistasis.
Kearsey and Jinks (1968) state the TTC can be applied to any
base population regardless of mating system, gene frequencies,
or linkage state.
Triple testcross progeny are developed by crossing random
Fj plants as males to three testers forming three backcross
progeny denoted by L,;, Lj; and Ljj. Testers L, and Lj are the
parental inbred lines of the Fj population, as in the standard
Design III, and tester Lj is their F,. For the ith male, the
contrast (L,; + Ljj - 2X13;) will equal zero in the absence of
epistasis (Kearsey and Jinks 1968). The average variance of
the contrast would not be significantly greater than the error
variance in the absence of epistasis. The test will detect
epistatic effects for loci at which L, and differ. Kearsey
and Jinks (1968) stress that testers Lj and should be
28
derived from the population under study to avoid detecting
false epistasis that may be caused by alleles showing
different dominance properties in different populations. As
in the standard Design III the variance of functions L,; + Ljj
and L,i - Lj; are used to estimate additive and dominance
genetic variances, respectively (Comstock and Robinson 1952).
Modifications to the TTC design of Kearsey and Jinks
(1968) have been proposed. Perkins and Jinks (1970) described
an alternative analysis in which the sums of squares for
epistasis are partitioned into two separate tests. The first
test determines if the mean value of the epistatic term (L, +
L2 - 2L3) over all sets of progeny families is different from
zero. This overall epistatic term tests for 'i' type
epistasis (additive by additive). The second test determines
variation in the epistatic term among males. Variation among
males tests for 'j' and '1' (additive by dominance and
dominance by dominance) types of epistasis. Perkins and Jinks
(1970) also proposed using the function L,i + Ljj + Lj; to
estimate the additive genetic variance.
Jinks and Perkins (1970) used the TTC to evaluate two
crosses of tobacco {Nicotiana rustica). Epistasis and
dominance were important in one cross and additive gene action
was important in the other cross. Jinks et al. (1973) studied
the incidence of epistasis in different environments for two
crosses of tobacco. Epistasis occurred with the highest
29
frequency and greatest magnitude at one or both extremes of
the range of environments for both crosses.
Goodwill (1975) used the TTC to analyze gene action
controlling pupa weight in Tribolium castaneum. Significant
epistatic variance for several populations was observed. In
the analysis, Goodwill separated the interaction of male x
tester into two orthogonal components with equal degrees of
freedom. Linear contrast for the two parental testers (L,i -
Lji) provides an unbiased estimate of dominance variance in the
absence of epistasis. The quadratic contrast (L,; + Lj; - 2L3i)
provides a test of epistasis. Epistasis was significant for
pupa weight in two populations and was more important than
dominance.
Ketata et al. (1976) used the method proposed by Perkins
and Jinks (1970) to evaluate a set of winter wheat {Triticum
aestivum L. em Thell.) cultivars. Epistasis affected the
expression of heading date, kernels/spikelet, and grain yield.
The expression of epistasis was influenced by cultivar. Singh
and Singh (1976) studied two wheat crosses and observed
significant overall epistasis (i type) for grains per spike
and yield in both crosses and plant height and ear length in
one cross. Both crosses had significant 'j' and '1' types of
epistasis for all traits.
Pooni et al. (1978) evaluated two single crosses of
tobacco by TTC analysis. Random inbred lines developed by
30
single seed descent from an Fj population were used to develop
progeny instead of random plants. Estimates of additive
genetic variance were obtained from the TTC analysis and from
evaluating the inbred lines. In one cross additive genetic
variance was greater than dominance or epistatic variance. In
the other cross epistasis and dominance were important
components of the genetic variation. They obtained additive
genetic variance estimates of consistent magnitude from TTC
and inbred lines for characters in both crosses. It was
concluded that an estimate of additive genetic variance from
TTC analysis is a satisfactory estimate of the genetic
variation among random inbred lines even in the presence of
epistasis.
Singh et al. (1986) conducted TTC analysis on four Fj
populations of field peas (Pisum ajrvense L.). Overall
epistasis ('i' type) was a major component affecting the
expression of days to flower, plant height, pod number, test
weight, and yield in four crosses. The 'j & 1' types of
epistasis were significant but less important than 'i' type
epistasis.
Kearsey et al. (1987) evaluated gene action for heading
date and dry matter production in two crosses of ryegrass
(Lolium perenne), using TTC analysis. Based on spaced plant
performance no evidence for epistasis was found. Additive and
dominance variance were important with partial to complete
31
dominance for all traits. Devey et al. (1989) evaluated these
same crosses of ryegrass in drilled plots. Significant 'i'
and 'j & 1' types of epistasis were observed in the combined
analysis for dry matter yield. Within environments 'i' type
epistasis was significant at both environments and 'j & 1'
types epistasis were significant at one environment.
Eta-Ndu (1994) modified the TTC of Kearsey and Jinks
(1968) to test for epistasis in two single crosses of maize,
based on testcross data. The L,;, Ljj, ha, and F3 generations
were testcrossed to two elite inbred testers. Evidence of
epistasis for genes controlling grain yield was observed in
both crosses. The tester used to make testcrosses influenced
the detection of epistasis. There was no association between
epistasis and testcross performance of F3 and backcrosses to
either parent. Therefore, no trend existed that would be of
predictive value in making decisions regarding the best type
of source population for inbred extraction when epistasis is
important. Examination of epistatic effects for individual
F2's, indicates that large epistatic effects may be obtained
from large or small family testcross means and vice versa.
So knowledge of the presence or absence of epistasis in an F2
individual may not be useful in predicting performance of its
progeny.
32
MATERIALS AMD METHODS
Genetic Materials
The hybrid B73 x Mol7 was an important and widely grown
hybrid in the central Corn Belt of the United States in the
late 1970s and early 1980s. Inbred B73 was a selection from
Iowa Stiff Stalk Synthetic after five cycles of half-sib
recurrent selection for grain yield (Russell, 1972). Inbred
Mol7 was derived by selection from the single cross of inbred
lines, CI187-2 X C103 (Zuber, 1973).
In 1991, the Fj population derived from B73 x Mol7 was
grown at the Agronomy Research Farm near Ames. Using the
triple testcross (TTC) mating design (Kearsey and Jinks,
1968), one hundred random F2 plants (males) were crossed to
both parents (B73 & Mol7) and the F,. B73, Mol7, and the F,
were considered testers. Each Fj plant was selfed to form S,
progenies. The following progeny were developed for
evaluation;
L,j = 100 testcross entries - Fj x B73,
Ii2i = 100 testcross entries - Fj x Mol7,
Lji = 100 testcross entries - Fj x F,,
and 100 S, progenies.
33
Experimental Procedures
TesterOSS and S, progeny were evaluated in separate
experiments. The 300 testcross entries were evaluated in a
replications-within-sets, randomized incomplete block design
with two replications per set. Ten sets were used and each set
contained 3 0 entries which were comprised of three testcrosses
from each of 10 different Fj plants. The S, progeny were grown
in a 10x10 lattice with two replications.
Both experiments were grown at the Agronomy Research
Center near Ames, the Atomic Energy Farm in Ames, and near
Elkhart, Iowa in 1992. In 1993, experiments were evaluated at
the Agronomy Research Center and the Ankeny Research Farm.
Each location by year combination was treated as a different
environment. Each plot was a single row 5.49m in length and
0.76m wide. Plots were overplanted and thinned to a stand of
57,520 plants hectare"'.
Sixteen traits were measured in both experiments. Days
from planting to 50% anthesis and silk emergence were recorded
at the Agronomy Research Center in 1992 and 1993, and at
Atomic Energy Farm in 1992. Silk delay was calculated as the
difference between anthesis and silk emergence. Plant and ear
heights (cm) were calculated as the average measurement of 10
competitive plants within a plot at all environments, except
Elkhart. Plant and ear height were measured from ground level
to the collar of the flag leaf and primary ear node.
34
respectively. At all five environments 10 competitive plants
within a plot were hand harvested (with gleaning for dropped
ears) and ears were dried to a uniform moisture. Data for the
following traits were measured as the average of 10 primary
ears or plants; ear diameter (cm), cob diameter (cm), ear
length (cm), kernel-row number, and ears plant'. Kernel depth
was recorded as the difference between ear and cob diameter.
Grain yield was determined from all primary and secondary ears
and expressed in grams plant"'. Barren plants was expressed as
the percentage of 10 harvested plants which did not produce an
ear. Root lodging (% of plants leaning more than 30 degrees
from vertical), stalk lodging (% of plants broken at or below
primary ear node), and dropped ears (% of plants with dropped
ear at harvest) were based on the total number of plants in a
plot and recorded at five environments.
Statistical Analysis
The testcross experiment was analyzed by both the TTC and
Design III methods. The TTC and Design III are similar, and
therefore, the same statistical model can be used for both
analyses. The exception is that in the Design III analysis
only entries from B73 and Mol7 testcrosses are included. The
TTC analysis was conducted to test for epistasis, and Design
III analysis was conducted to estimate genetic variance
components.
35
The statistical model used for the combined analysis was;
Yesnm = U + E, + S3 + {ES), + R,/,/, + + ME ,/
^erstm'
where
e = 1 to 5 (environments),
s = 1 to 10 (sets),
r = 1 to 2 (replications),
t = 1 to 3 (testers) (1 to 2 for Design III), and
m = 1 to 10 (males set"') .
The components are defined as;
Yesrtm = observation of the m"" male, by t"* tester, in s"*
set, in e^ environment;
u = overall mean;
Eg = effect of the e"" environment;
Sg = effect of the s"* set;
(ES)e5 = effect due to interaction of the s"" set and e"*
environment;
Rj/s/e = effect of the r"" replication within set and e""
environment;
T(t/s) ~ effect of the t"* tester within s"" set;
TEet/s = effect due to the interaction between t"* tester
within the s"* set and the e"* environment;
= effect of m"* male within the s*** set;
MEme/s = effect due to interaction between m'^' male within
36
s"* set and the e"* environment;
TMj s = effect due to interaction of m"" male and t"" tester
within s"" set;
TMEt e/s = effect due to interaction of m"* male by t"* tester
within s"" set and e*" environment; and
®erstm ~ random error associated with the r"* observation on
the m"' male, by t"* tester, within s*"* set and e"* environment.
The analysis of variance combined across environments is
shown in Table 1 for TTC and Table 2 for the Design III.
Environments and males were considered random and testers
fixed. Appropriate F-tests are shown. A Satterthwaite (1946)
approximate F-test was derived for the tester source of
variation. In the TTC analysis of variance, sources of
variation for tester, environment by tester, male by tester,
and environment by male by tester were partition further to
test for epistasis (Table 1). The test for epistasis will be
discussed later.
In the Sj progeny experiment low seed supplies and poor
germination resulted in several entries missing, at one or
more environments. Because of the missing entries the
experiment could not be analyzed as a lattice and was instead
analyzed as a randomized complete block design. Statistical
model for the combined analysis across environments of S,
progeny was:
Yerg = u + E, + R,/, + Gg + GEg^ + e„g.
Table 1. Analysis of variance for the triple testcross showing sources of variation, degrees of freedom (df), mean squares (MS), expected mean squares (EMS), and F-tests for traits pooled over sets and combined across environments.
Source of variation
df MS EMS F-test
Env (E) e-1 Mil 6" + mt(7^R/s/E + rmtcr^sE + rta^ ME + rmtsa^ M11/M9+M4-H1
Sets (S) s-1 MIO + + rmta^sE + rmtea^s M10/M9
E X S (e-•l)(s-l) M9 + + rmta^sE M9/M8
Rep/E/S e3(r-l) MS a"- + 2 "it (7 jys/g M8/M1
Tester(T)/S s(t-l) M7 (j2 + 2 ETM + rmo\f + rrneK^ M7/M6+M3-M2
B73 vs Mol7 s M71 + + rea^xM + rma^ET + rmeK^i M71/M61+M31-M21
Epistasis s M72 + 2 ETM + 2
rma Ej- + rmeK^-j2 M72/M62+M32-M22
E X T/S s (t-l)(e-l) M6 + + rma g-j. M6/M2
E X B73vsMol7 s(e-l) M61 + + rmff^ETi M61/M21
E X Epistasis s(e-l) M62 a"- + + rmcr^BT? M62/M22
Male(M)/S s(m-l) M5 + + rteCT\, M5/M4
E X M/S s(m-l){e-l) M4 + M4/M1
T X M/S s(m-l)(t-l) M3 + + M3/M2
B73vsMol7 X M s(m-l) M31 + + M31/M21
Epistasis X M s(m-l) M32 + ra^ETM + M32/M22
E X T X M/S s(t-l)(m-l) (e-1)
M2 + ETM H2/M1
E X B73vsMol7 x M s(t-l)(m-1) M21 a' M21/M1
E X Epistasis x M s(t-l)(m-1) M22 a' + rea\jM2 M22/M1
Error es(r-l) (tm-1)
Ml a'
u 00
Table 2. Analysis of variance for the Design III showing sources of variation, degrees of freedom (df), mean squares (MS), expected mean squares (EMS), and F-tests for traits pooled over sets and combined across environments.
Source of variation
df MS EMS F-test
Env (E) e-1 Mil + 2 R/S/E + rmtCT^sE + M11/M9+M4-M1
Sets (S) s-1 MIO + •"ta^iyS/E + rmta^sE rmtea^s M10/M9
E X S (e-l){a-l) M9 + + rmta^sE M9/M8
Rep/E/S es(r-l) M8 + ">tCT^R/S/E M8/M1
Tester(T)/S s(t-l) M7 + rea^M + rmcr^T + rmeK\ M7/M6+M3-M2
E X T/S s(t-l)(e-l) M6 + rma^ET M6/M2
Male(M)/S s{m-l) M5 + rtCT^EM + rteCT^M M5/M4
E X M/S s(m-l)(e-1) M4 + M4/M1
T X M/S s<m-l)(t-1) M3 + M3/M2
E X T X M/S s{t-l)(m-1) (e-1)
M2 + M2/M1
Error es(r-l) (tm-1)
Ml
40
where
e = 1 to 5 (environments),
r = 1 to 2 (replications), and
g = 1 to ICQ (genotypes).
The components are defined as:
Ygfg = r* observation of the g"* genotype, in the e""
environment;
u = overall mean;
Eg = effect of the e"* environment;
Rr/e = effect of the r"* replication in the e"* environment;
Gg = effect of the g"* genotype;
GEgg = effect due to interaction of the g"* genotype and e"*
environment; and
e fg = random error associated with the r''' observation, of
the g"* genotype, in the e"" environment.
The analysis of variance combined across environments is
shown in Table 3. Appropriate F-tests are shown, a
Satterthwaite (1946) approximate F-test was derived for
environments. All effects were considered random.
Genetic Analysis
Test for Epistasis
For the i"" male of the Fj it was designated that L,; =
testcross produced by crossing the i"* male to B73, Lj; =
testcross produced by crossing the i"* male to Mol7, and Lj; =
Table 3. Analysis of variance for Sj progeny showing sources of variation, degrees of freedom (df), mean squares (MS), expected mean squares (EMS), and F-tests for the combined analysis across environments.
Source of Variation
df MS EMS F-test
Env (E) e-1 MS + M5/M4+M2-M1
Rep/E e{r-l) M4 + M4/M1
Genotypes (G) g-1 M3 + rcr^GE + reff^Q M3/M2
G X E (g-1)(e-1) M2 + M2/M1
Error e(r-l)(g-1) Ml
42
testcross produced by crossing the i"' male to the F,. Kearsey
and Jinks (1968) proposed the expression, L,j + Lji - 21 -, = D.
The epistatic deviation "D" should equal zero in the absence
of epistasis and will differ from zero if epistasis is
present. For the i"*" male from a population when computing
+ 1,2!" 21.3;, the additive and dominance terms cancel and
epistatic terms remain. This is true for any number of loci.
Irrespective of the genetic constitution of the population
(i.e., gene frequencies and linkage disequilibrium) the method
will detect epistasis for loci at which B73 and Mol7 differ
(Kearsey and Jinks, 1968).
The analysis of variance for the TTC provides two F-tests
for the presence of epistasis (Perkins and Jinks, 1970). The
source of variation due to tester was partitioned into two
orthogonal contrasts, one of which was L,. + Lj - 2L3 . The
contrast Lj + Lj. ~ 2L3. was designated as epistasis in the TTC
analysis (Table 1), and tests for the presence of additive by
additive epistatic effects. The tester x male source of
variation was partitioned into two sources of variation, one
of which was variation in L,; + Ljj - 2'L^i among males. Variation
in L,i + Lzi - 2113; was designated as epistasis by male in the TTC
analysis (Table 1) and tests for additive by dominance and
dominance by dominance epistatic effects. These two sources
of epistatic variation were also tested for their interaction
with environments.
43
A test for epistasis was also conducted based on the mean
of the epistatic deviation (5), across environments and within
environments. A t-test was conducted to determine if
deviation means were different from zero, as follows;
t = (5 - Uo)/ (V(D)/n)"2,
where
Uo = 0;
n = number of observations in the mean, (1000 for
means across environments and 200 for means within
environments);
V(D) = variance of the deviation, calculated as,
6(M6+M3-M2); and
M6+M3-M2 = Satterthwaite (1946) approximate mean
square used in numerator of the F-test for the tester source
of variation (Table 1). For yield the epistatic deviation
means (Dj) across environments for each Fj male were tested
using the t-test with n=10 observations.
The epistasis source of variation from the TTC analysis
and epistatic deviation are both based on the comparison of
testcross means across F2 males. Therefore positive and
negative epistatic effects will cancel and only net epistasis
will be detected. For epistasis by male, positive and
negative effects will not cancel because variation in effects
between males is tested.
44
Genetic Variance Components
The genetic-statistic models of the TTC (Jinks and
Perkins, 1970) and Design III (Comstock and Robinson, 1952)
were followed to derive genetic components. Variance
components were derived from the analyses of variance combined
across environments.
Additive genetic (a^^) and additive by environment (ct ae)
were estimated from the TTC. The necessary variance
components were calculated as (Table 1):
= (M5 - M4)/tre = covariance half-sibs = l/4a\, and
= (M4 - Ml)/tr = l/4a2AE.
From the Design III analysis dominance genetic
[a\) , and dominance by environment (a^oe) genetic variance
components were estimated. The necessary components were
calculated as (Table 2):
= (M5 - M4)/tre = covariance half-sibs =
= (M4 -Ml)/rt = 1/402^^;
= (M3 - Vi2) jx& = a\', and
~ (^2 ~ Ml)/r =
Two estimates of and were obtained to compare
estimates from the TTC (3 half-sibs/male) and Design III (2
half-sibs/male). Pooni and Jinks (1979) indicated that the
estimate from the Design III should be more precise than that
from TTC because of greater variation caused by genetic
segregation in the F, testcrosses.
45
Estimates of and obtained from the Design III were
used to estimate the average level of dominance as;
The assumptions for the translation of covariance of
relatives into genetic components of variance were given by
Comstock and Robinson (1948, 1952). An important assumption
when estimating the average level of dominance is linkage
equilibrium. If linkage disequilibrium exists in a population
estimates of and will be biased by linkage effects.
Additive variance will be biased upward if coupling phase
linkage predominates, and downward if repulsion phase linkage
predominates. Dominance variance will be biased upward
regardless of the linkage phase. Repulsion phase linkage will
likely result in an overestimate of d.
The Design III provides F-tests for two hypotheses
regarding dominance (Gardner et al., 1953):
1.) That dominance is lacking. In the presence of
dominance, M3 will be greater than M2 (Table 2).
2.) That dominance is complete. If dominance is complete
the ratio will not deviate from unity. Satterthwaite
(1946) approximate degrees of freedom were calculated for the
F-test of this ratio as discussed by Gardner et al. (1953).
From the combined analysis of variance for S, progeny,
genotypic (a^a) , genotypic by environment (a^oe) phenotypic
{a\) variance components were estimated as (Table 3):
46
a^o = (M3 - M2)/re,
= (M2 - Ml)/r, and
a^p = M3/re.
The a^Q can be expressed in genetic components as:
+ 1/Non
standard errors for all variance components were
calculated using the method of Anderson and Bancroft (1952):
S.E. = {2/0" [(MSi)V(ni+2)]}"2,
where
MS; = the i® mean square;
n; = degrees of freedom associated with the i"* mean
square; and
C = coefficient of the variance component in the expected
mean square.
In addition, because half-sib and S, progeny were derived
from the same Fj parents, the covariance between them can be
translated into genetic variance components. Mean products
were obtained from the combined analysis of covariance between
half-sib and S, means as discussed by Matzinger and Cockerham
(1963). Mean products were multiplied by 2 to put them on
same magnitude as mean squares from the analyses of variance.
Mean products have the same expectations as mean squares (Mode
and Robinson, 1959) and, therefore, covariance components can
be derived from mean products as
Mxy = /
47
' XYE ~
OxY = Myy - MxYg/re, and
^XYE ~ Mxye/ »
where,
Mxy = mean product between half-sib and S, progeny;
Mxye = interaction of environment by half-sib and Sj
progeny mean product;
OxY = covariance of half-sib and S, progeny; and
''xYE = covariance by environment interaction.
The genetic covariance between half-sib and S, progeny has been
derived by Bradshaw (1983) and can be expressed as
'^xY ~ l/2a\; and
OxY = l/2a^;^E .
Standard errors of components of covariance were estimated by
the following formula (Dickerson, 1969):
S.E. = {1/C^ L [ (Mixx) (MiYv) + (MixY)'3/(ni+2)}"2,
where
C = the coefficient of the component of covariance;
Mjxx and Mjyy = mean squares for half-sib and Sj progeny;
Mjxy = mean product for half-sib and S, progeny; and
n; = degrees of freedom of ith mean product.
Weighted Least Squares
From Design III, S, progeny, and covariance combined
analyses there were eight mean squares and products which were
48
"translated into genetic components of variance and error
variances. In addition error mean squares from Design III and
S, analyses of variance were expressed in terms of error
variances. Mean squares and products were expressed fully in
terms of genetic components of variance through digenic
epistatic components and error variances as follows:
Design III (Table 2);
Males (M5)= a\, + rta^E^ + rtea^^
= <T\, + rt(l/4CT2 E+ l/16a2 E) + rte(l/4aVl/16' AA) /
Males X Environment (M4) = + rta^E^
= + rt(l/4a2^E+ 1/16ct2^e)»
Male X Tester (M3) = + ra^exM •*"
= + r((j2DE+ O^dde) •+• re(CTV^^DD)/ and
Male X Tester x Environment (M2) = + rcr^ETM
~ '^^dde) •
S, progeny (Table 3);
Genotypes (M3) = 0^2 +
re(a\+l/4a^o+cj^y^+l/16a^oD+l/4(y\D) f and
Genotypes x Environment (M2) = 0^2 + ra^os
Mean Products;
Half-sib & S, = raxvE +
49
= l/4a2AAE) + re(l/2a2A+ and
Half-sib & Sj X Environment = raxvE
= r{\/2a^^^+ l/4a2AAE),
where, is the additive genetic variance, a\ is the
dominance genetic variance, is additive by environment
variance, o de is dominance by environment variance, (J aa* ^ dd»
and a^AD the digenic epistatic variance components, ct aae#
\de 3 ® digenic epistatic by environment
variances, is the error variance of the Design III,
the error variance of S, progeny, is the covariance of
half-sibs and Sj progeny, and 0xye is the covariance by
environment. Translation matrices of mean squares and
products into coefficients of genetic and error variance
components for the complete model are presented in Tables 4,5,
and 6.
Silva and Hallauer (1975) used three methods to estimate
genetic variance components; i.e., ordinary least squares,
weighted least squares, and maximum-likelihood. They
indicated that ordinary least squares was inadequate, while
weighted least square was a good method and much simpler in
relation to maximum likelihood. Weighted analysis corrects
for unequal variances that exists between mean squares and
products. Weighted least squares as discussed by Nelder
(1960) was used to estimate genetic variance components. The
weighted analysis can be expressed as:
Table 4. Matrix of coefficients for means squares and mean products in terms of genetic, genetic by environment, and error variances for combined analysis of traits measured in five environments'.
Variance Components''
AE DE ' AAE DDE AD ADE
Design III
Males(M)
Males X Environment(E)
Males X Tester(T)
M X T X E
Error
S| progeny
Genotypes(G)
G X E
Error
Mean Products
Half-sib/S|
Half-sib/S, X E
5.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 1.25 0.25
0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.25
0.00 0.00 0.00 2.00 0.00 0.00
0 .00 0 .00 0 .00 0 .00 0 .00 0 .00
9.30 2.00 2.30 0.50 9.30 2.00
0.00 2.00 0.00 0.50 0.00 2.00
0.00 0 .00 0 .00 0 .00 0 .00 0 .00
4.70 1.00 0.00 0.00 2.40 0.50
0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50
e2
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 10.00 2.00 0.00 0.00 10.00 2.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00
0 .00 2 .00 0 .00 0 .00 1 .00 0 .00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00
0.58 0.12 2.30 0.50 0.00 1.00
0.00 0.12 0.00 0.50 0.00 1.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00
0.00 0 .00 0 .00 0 .00 0 .00 0 .00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
' All traits except plant and ear heights, anthesis, silk emergence, and silk delay.
*• Components of variance are additive genetic (o^a)/ dominance (a^o), digenic epistasis of and a^o > interaction of these components by environment {o^^Ef ®^de» <^dde» o'ade)? experimental error of the design III and experimental error of S, progeny (<?e2)-
O) o
Table 5. Matrix of coefficients for means squares and mean products in terms of genetic, genetic by environment, and error variance components for combined analysis across four environments for plant and ear heights.
Variance Components*
Mean Squares <^ae <^d o^de p^aa <^aae °^dd <^dde <^ad o^ade p^ci
Design III
Males(M) 4.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00
Males X 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0,00 0.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 Environment(E)
Males X 0.00 0.00 8.00 2.00 0.00 0.00 8.00 2.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 Tester(T) w
M X T X E 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00
Error 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00
S, progeny
Genotypes(G) 7.30 2.00 1.80 0.50 7.30 2.00 0.46 0.12 1.80 0.50 0.00 1.00
G X E 0.00 2.00 0.00 0.50 0.00 2.00 0.00 0.12 0-00 0.50 0.00 1.00
Error 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00
Mean Products
Half-sib/S| 3.70 1.00 0.00 0.00 1.80 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Half-sib/S| X E 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
' Components of variance are additive genetic (a\), dominance (o'd)/ digenic epistasis of and o'o (o^aa'P^dd'P^ad) » interaction of these components by environment (o^ae' p^de» p^aae» "^dde/ p'ade) ' experimental error of the design III (o^c) and experimental error of S, progeny
Table 6. Matrix of coefficients for mean squares and mean products in terms of genetic, genetic by environment, and error variance components for combined analysis across three environments for anthesis, silk emergence, and silk delay.
Variance Components*
Mean Squares p^a o^ae o^de o^aa c^aae o'dd o'dde <^ad o^ade c^ei «^e2
Design III
Males(M) 3.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.75 0.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00
Males X 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 Environment(E)
Males X 0.00 0.00 6.00 2.00 0.00 0.00 6.00 2.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 Tester(T)
M X T X E 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00
Error 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00
S, progeny
Genotypes(G) 5.60 2.00 1.40 0.50 5.60 2.00 0.35 0.12 1.40 0.50 0.00 1.00
G X E 0.00 2.00 0.00 0.50 0.00 2.00 0.00 0.12 0.00 0.50 0.00 1.00
Error 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00
Mean Products
Half-sib/S, 2.90 1.00 0.00 0.00 1.40 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Half-sib/S, X E 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
(ji N
" Components of variance are additive genetic (cPa)^ dominance (a^o) r digenic epistasis of and o'd (0^aa»0^dd/0^ad) ' interaction of these components by environment {o^ae» ®^de/ o^aae» ®^dde/ o^ade)' experimental error of the design III and experimental error of S, progeny (<?e2)*
53
B = (X'WX)-' (X'WY) ;
where
B = column vector of estimated genetic and error
variances;
X = matrix of coefficients of the genetic and error
variances;
W = matrix with the inverse of the variances of mean
squares and products on the diagonal and zero on the off
diagonal; and
Y = column vector of observed mean squares and products.
Standard errors of the parameter estimates were computed
as the square root of the associated diagonal element of the
(X'WX)"' matrix. Variances of mean squares and products were
calculated by the methods of Mode and Robinson (1959). The
following formula was used for the variance of a mean square:
V(Mi) = [2(Mi)Vdfi+2],
where
Mi = ith mean square; and
dfj = degrees of freedom of ith mean square.
The following formula was used for the variance of a mean
product;
V(MixY) = [ (Mixx) (MiYv) + (MiXY)'3/(dfi+2) ,
where
Mjxx and MjyY = ith mean squares for half-sib and S,
progeny;
54
MjjjY = ith mean product of half-sib and S, progeny; and
dfj = degrees of freedom of ith mean product.
To estimate the genetic parameters of B, several
different models were tested. However, not all genetic and
error variances could be estimated from a single model. A
complete model included eight genetic variances and two error
variances. The adequacy of each model was tested using a Chi-
sguare test (Mather and Jinks, 1982).
= E [ (O - E)2 * V];
where
O = observed mean square or product;
E = expected mean square or product; and
V = inverse of the variance of the mean square or
product.
Heritabilities
Heritability estimates (h^) were calculated on a progeny
mean basis. For half-sib progeny of the TTC and Design III
as:
= aV(«yVrte + a^g^/te + •
For S, progeny as;
= a^o/CaVre + a^oe/e + •
Exact 90% confidence intervals for estimates of heritability
are reported, as defined by Knapp et al.(1985).
55
Correlations
Mode and Robinson (1959) outlined a method using analysis
of variance and covariance for the calculation of genetic (ro)
and phenotypic (rp) correlations. For traits x and y, they
were calculated as:
~ ''xy/(®^GX*®^OY)
where, o^xy" genetic covariance for traits x and y from the
combined analysis of covariance across environments;
a^ox and a^oY = genetic variance components of trait x
and y, respectively, from the combined analysis of variance.
The phenotypic correlations were calculated similarly using
appropriate phenotypic variance and covariance components.
Genetic correlations of the TTC and Design III are additive
genetic correlations because the variance and covariance were
completely additive genetic.
56
RESULTS
The average grain yield across environments for the TTC
was 112.9 g plant"'. Mean grain yields ranged from 150.0 g
plant"' (Ames, 1992) to 88.2 g plant"' (Ames, 1993). Growing
conditions in 1992 were generally good at all three locations,
although the Elkhart environment had below normal rainfall in
June and July. Average yield at the three environments in
1992 was 127.0 g plant"'. Excessive rainfall and below normal
temperatures in 1993 reduced yields at two environments to an
average of 91.6 g plant"'. The overall coefficient of
variation (CV) for grain yield was 14.3%. Environment CV's
ranged from 11.1% (Ames, 1992) to 17.2% (Ames, 1993).
The Ames (1993) environment required 7.6 and 6.8 more
days from planting to reach anthesis and silk emergence
respectively, compared with Ames (1992). The poor growing
conditions in 1993 caused an increase in barren plants from an
average of 0.2% in 1992 to 4.8% in 1993. Most ear and kernel
traits were also adversely affected.
The S, progeny had an average grain yield across
environments of 92.9 g plant"' (Table 7). Mean grain yields
ranged from 117.3 g plant"' at Ames (1992) to 65.2 g plant"' at
Ames (1993). Grain yield averaged 107.1 g plant"' in 1992 and
68.8 g plant"' in 1993. Overall CV was 17.1%, while individual
environments CV's ranged from 12.8% (Ames, 1992) to 25.0%
Table 7. Means and least significant differences (LSD) for Fj, B73, and Mol7 testcrosses and means for S, progeny combined across five environments and at individual environments.
Environment
Trait Testcross Combined Ames 1992 Elkart 1992
Atomic Energy 1992
Ames 1993 Ankeny 1993
Yield F, 110.5 147.0 111.2 120.1 83.5 90.7
(g plant') B73 117.7 158.9 114.0 114.5 96.7 104.5
Mol7 110.4 144.1 108.4 125.12 84.4 90.0
LSD(0.05) _a 4.1 3.9 4.8 3.9 3.7
Ear Fi 4.24 4.54 4.23 4.42 3.96 4.03
Diameter B73 4.46 4.73 4.43 4.68 4.19 4.26
(cm) Mol7 4.01 4.32 3.98 4.18 3.77 3.82
LSD(0.05) 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.04
s, 4.10 4.36 4.13 4.21 3.86 3.87
Cob F, 2.60 2.60 2.67 2.69 2.55 2.51
Diameter B73 2.77 2.74 2.80 2.87 2.75 2.68
(cm) Mol7 2.43 2.45 2.51 2.52 2.36 2.33
LSD(0.05) 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03
s, 2.57 2.55 2.61 2.66 2.51 2.49
Kernel F, 1.63 1.94 1.57 1.73 1.41 1.52
Depth 873 1.69 1.98 1.63 1.81 1.44 1.58
(cm) Mol7 1.58 1.88 1.47 1.66 1.41 1.49
LSD(0.05) 0.02 0.04 0.04 0.04 - 0.04
Ear Length
(cm)
Kernel
Rows
(no.)
Ears
Plant"'
(no.)
Barren
Plants
{%)
S,
P.
B73
Mol7
LSD(0.05)
S,
Fi
B73
Mol7
I.SD(0.05)
B73
Mol7
LSD(0.05)
S,
Fi
B73
Mol7
LSD(0.05)
S,
1.53
14.8
14.1
16.1
0.3
14.1
14.3
16.0
1 2 . 8
0.1
14.0
0.98
1.00
0.98
0.01
0.97
2.5
1 . 1
2.5
0.7
4.3
1.81
16.4
16.1
17.4
0.2
15.1
14.3
16.0
12.8
0 . 1
14.1
1.00
1.01
1.00
1 .01
0 . 1
0 . 2
0.1
0 . 6
* Testcross means not significantly different. Trait not measured in that environment.
° Difference between anthesis and silk emergence.
1.53
14.9
14.1
16.4
0 . 2
14.1
14.1
15.8
12.7
0 . 1
13.8
1.00
0.99
1.00
0.99
0.1
0 . 8
0.3
1.7
1.54
13.8
12 .0
16.0
0.3
14.7
14.2
15.9
12.7
0 . 1
13.8
1.02
1.03
1 .01
1 .02
0 . 1
0 . 2
0 . 0
0 . 2
1.35
14.4
14.2
15.3
0.3
13.2
14.5
16.4
13.1
0.1
14.1
0.95
0.99
0.94
0 .02
0.92
6.0
2.1
6 . 8
1 .8
10.2
1.37
14.5
14.2
15.5
0 . 2
13.3
14.3
15.9
12.9
0.1
14.0
0.94 Oi 00
0.98
0.95
0.02
0.91
6 . 2
2 . 6
5.2
1.4
10.1
Table 7. (continued)
Trait Testcross Combined
Root F, 0.7
Lodging B73 0.9
(%) Mol7 0.3
LSD(0.05)
S, 0.5
Stalk F, 4.2
Lodging B73 3.6
(%) Mol7 5.3
LSD(0.05) 0.6
S, 4.6
Dropped F, 0.5
Ears B73 0.4
(%) Mol7 1.4
LSD{0.05) 0.4
S, 0.7
Plant F, 218.4
Height B73 226.4
(cm) Mol7 212.5
LSD{0.05) 1.5
S, 200.8
Environment
Ames 1992 Elkart Atomic En- Ames 1993 Ankeny 1993 1992 ergy 1992
1.2 0.2 1.3 0.1 0.8
0.5 0.1 2.1 0.2 1.7
0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.5
0.5 - 0.7 - 0.6
0.6 0.2 0.1 0.1 1.5
4.6 1.4 2.3 6.6 6.0
4.2 1.0 1.8 5.8 5.3
5.6 1.2 2.0 9.0 8.8
- - - 1.3 1.0
6.3 1.8 2.4 6.0 6.9
0.3 0.2 0.2 1.3 0.7
0.3 0.2 0.1 1.2 0.4
0.8 0.6 0.1 4.6 1.0
0.3 0.3 - 0.8
1.2 0.4 0.4 1.1 0.4
219.9 223.4 204.0 226.2
229.0 ~ 230.2 214.6 231.6
210.3 ~ 216.6 200.1 222.9
1.4 ~ 1.7 1.7 1.7
205.5 — 206.6 186.9 203.1
Ear F, 109.0 105.8
Height B73 115.1 112.3
(cm) Mol? 105.8 100.3
LSD(0.05) 1.1 1.3
S, 98.3 98.0
Anthesis F, 83.5 81.7
(days from B73 84.7 83.2
planting) Mol7 83.4 81.4
LSD(0.05) 0.3 0.3
S, 84.8 83.4
Silk F| 86.1 84.7
Emergence 373 86.6 85.5
(days from Mol7 86.3 84.7
planting) LSD(0.05) - 0.3
S, 87.9 86.7
Silk Delay F, 2.6 3.0
(days)'= B73 1.9 2.2
Mol7 2.9 3.3
LSD(0.05) 0.1 0.2
S| 3.0 3.2
112.2
117.0
108.8
1.5
100.6
79.5
80.7
79.4
0.4
80.8
8 2 . 2
82.7
82.3
101.6
109.3
99.7
1.5
91.6
89.4
90.2
89.5
0 . 2
90.8
91.6
91.7
91.9
116.5
121.6
114.6
1.3
102.9
0\ O
84.6
2.7
2.1
3.0
0.3
3.8
92.8
2 . 2
1.5
2.4
0 . 2
2 . 0
61
(Ames, 1993). Barren plants increased from 0.8% in 1992 to
10.2% in 1993.
Triple Testcross
Means
Means of F,, B73, and Mol7 testerosses are presented in
Table 7. The TTC combined analyses of variance for five
environments are presented in Tables 8, 9, and 10. Highly
significant (P<0.01) differences were observed among testcross
means for all traits except yield (Table 8). The B73
testcrosses generally had greater ear and cob diameters,
kernel depth and kernel-row number, while Mol7 testcrosses had
greater ear length. Although significant differences did not
exist for yield, B73 testcrosses had the greatest yield across
environments and generally within environments (Table 7). The
environment by tester interaction was highly significant for
all traits except kernel-row number. All traits had a highly
significant tester by male interaction. Ear diameter and
length had significant (P<0.05) environment by tester by male
interactions.
For ear number and lodging traits, significant
differences were observed among testcross means for all traits
except root lodging (Table 9). The B73 testcrosses had more
ears plant"', and less barren plants, stalk lodging, and
dropped ears. The environment by tester interaction was
Table 8. Triple testcross analysis of variance combined across environments, means, and coefficients of variation (CV) for yield and ear traits measured at five environments in 1992 and 1993.
Source of Variation
Mean Squares
df Yield Ear Diameter
Cob Diameter
Kernel Depth
Ear Length
Kernel Rows
g plant"' cm cm cm cm no.
Env (E)
Set (S)
E X S
Rep/ExS
4
9
36
50
353432.70**
1416.81
1466.87*
856.35**
34.935**
0.140
0.171**
0.079**
3.538**
0.200
0.132**
0.025**
24.362**
0.118
0.216**
0.050**
607.27**
13.97
12.90**
1.95**
22.15**
7.92**
1.34**
0.47
Tester(T)/S
B73 vs Mol7
Epistasis
20
10
10
2337.64
3595.97
1079.30
4.991**
9.935**
0,047
2.820**
5.621**
0.020
0.324**
0.632**
0.016
108.24**
208.68**
7.80**
251.01**
500.01**
2.00**
E x T/S
E x B73vsMol7
E X Epistasis
80
40
40
1164.26**
1863.42**
465.10**
0.055**
0.071**
0.04
0.027**
0.036**
0.018
0.050**
0.064**
0.036
9.96**
18.06**
1.86**
0.40
0.39
0.40
Male(M)/S
E x M/S
90
360
733.06**
421.23**
0.194**
0.046**
0.115**
0.018*
0.092**
0.037*
6.42**
2.07**
8.56**
0.36
T x M/S 180 1091.87** 0.097** 0.030** 0.060** 3.34** 0.97**
B73vsMol7 X M
Epistasis X M
90 1855.95** 0.152** 0.036** 0.084** 5.31** 1.48**
90 327.78* 0.042 0.025** 0.036 1.37* 0.46*
E x T x M/S 720 269.39 0.036* 0.014 0.032
E x B73vsMol7 x M 360 299.64* 0.035 0.013 0.034
E X Epistasis x M 360 239.14 0.037* 0.015 0.029
1.16*
1.30**
1.02
0.31
0.31
0.32
Error 1450 260.70 0.032 0.015 0.031 1.03 0.35
Overall mean
CV {%)
112.88
14.30
4.24
4.23
2.60
4.67
1.63
10.76
15.00
6.76
14.38
4.14
*.** Significant at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels respectively.
Table 9. Triple testcross analysis of variance combined across environments, means, and coefficients of variation (CV) for five agronomic traits measured at five environments in 1992 and 1993.
Source of Variation
Mean Squares
df Ears Plant" Barren Plants
Root Lodging
Stalk Lodging
Dropped Ears
no. no.
Env (E)
Set (S)
E X S
Rep/ExS
4
9
36
50
0.482**
0.007
0.010**
0.005
3832.66**
34.68
88.53**
40.01*
150.69**
27.02
23.02**
7.04
4326.81**
55.70
101.38**
19.24
488.86**
6.97
5.27
7.66**
Tester(T)/S
B73 vs Mol7
Epistasis
20
10
10
0.016**
0 .022* *
0.010
112.42*
108.38
116.47
18.72
35.66*
1.78
87.34*
159.08*
15.60
37.62**
62.31*
12.92
E x T/S
E x B73vsMol7
E X Epistasis
80
40
40
0 .006* *
0 .006*
0.007**
64.51**
70.04**
58.98**
12.24**
15.64**
8.85*
41.38**
66.61**
16.16
16.11**
23.69**
8.53**
Male{M)/S
E x M/S
90
360
0.009**
0.005**
60.59*
43.02**
9.21**
5.86
62.57**
27.14*
7.05**
4.45
T x M/S 180 0.004 28.08 6.41 26.73* 5.30
B73vsMol7 X M
Epistasis x M
E x T x M/S
E X B73vsMol7 x M
E x Epistasis x M
Error
Overall mean
CV (%)
90 0.004 29.79
90 0.004 26.36
720 0.004 30.92
360 0.004 32.18*
360 0.004 29.66
1450 0.004 27.92
0.99 2.00
6.13 259.98
6.67 31.35** 6.95*
6.14 22.12 3.64
6.16 20.64 4.64*
6.26 20.81 5.22**
6.07 20.48 4.06
5.79 23.09 4.01
0.63 4.38 0.79
384.26 109.73 251.99
*,** Significant at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels respectively.
Table 10. Triple testcross analysis of variance combined across environments, means, and coefficients of variation (CV) for five agronomic traits measured at four environments in 1992 and 1993.
Source of Variation
Mean Squares
df Plant Height
Ear Height
Anthesis* Silk Emergence
Silk Delay*'
cm cm days days days
Env (E)
Set (S)
E X S
Rep/ExS
3(2)
9
27(18)
40(30)
48992.87** 24282.49**
1959.51** 1565.90**
15958.16** 13968.38**
537.49**
207.96**
364.32**
152.77**
34.08
29.87**
9.25**
45.98
26.02**
8.33**
98.65**
3.53
2.07
1.61*
Tester(T)/S
B73 vs Mol7
Epistasis
20
10
10
4055.28**
7917.01**
193.55
1858.41**
3545.85**
170.97**
34.19**
52.09**
16.30**
6.35
5.62
7.07**
15.94**
28.22**
3.67*
E x T/S
E x B73vsMol7
E x Epistasis
60(40)
30(20)
30(20)
136.31**
206.80**
65.81
68.57**
97.52**
39.61
3.70**
6.17**
1.24
2.73*
4.24**
1.22
1.19
1.32
1.05
Male(M)/S
E x M/S
90 1070.72** 790.72** 19.10** 18.14**
270(180) 45.04** 39.90** 2.49** 2.23**
2.82**
1.23
T x M/S 180 147.44** 91.37** 3.58** 3.64** 1.61*
B73vsMol7 X M 90
Epistasis X M 90
203.75**
91.12**
123.90**
58.84**
4.52**
2.64
4.77**
2.52*
1.65
1.57*
E x T x M/S 540(360) 42.25** 37.97** 1.88
E x B73vsMol7 x M 270(180) 39.05 36.09 1.75
E x Epistasis x M 270(180) 45.38** 39.86** 2.01
1.74*
1.61
1.86*
1.19*
1.21
1.16
Error 1160(870) 33.91 31.72 1.70 1.45 1.02
Overall mean
CV (%)
219.06
2 . 6 6
109.98
5.12
83.88
1.55
86.35
1.39
2.47
40.88
*,** Significant at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels respectively.
* Days from planting to 50% anthesis and silk emergence measured at three environments and degrees of freedom are listed in parentheses.
Difference between anthesis and silk emergence measured at three environments and degrees of freedom are listed in parentheses.
o\ •J
68
highly significant for all traits (Table 9). Stalk lodging
had a significant tester by male interaction and dropped ears
a significant environment by tester by male effect.
Highly significant differences existed among testcross
means for all traits except silk emergence (Table 10). Only
silk delay did not have a significant environment by tester
interaction. The B73 testcrosses had greater plant and ear
heights, more days to anthesis, and less silk delay (Table 7).
The tester by male interaction was significant for all traits,
and only days to anthesis did not have a significant
environment by tester by male interaction. Tester by
environment interactions and lack of a direct F-test for
testers may have decreased the ability to detect significant
differences among testcross means for some traits.
Analysis of variance tables for S, progeny are presented
in the appendix (Tables C1-C3). Highly significant
differences existed among genotypes for all traits except root
lodging. Genotype by environment interaction was either
significant or highly significant for all traits except,
kernel depth, ear length, root and stalk lodging, and dropped
ears.
Epistasis
Sources of variation due to epistasis and epistasis by
male are presented in Tables 8, 9, and 10 for the combined TTC
69
analysis. Epistasis was highly significant for ear length,
kernel-row number, ear height, anthesis, and silk emergence
and significant for silk delay (Tables 8, 9, and 10). The
environment by epistasis interaction was highly significant
for yield, ear length, ears plant'*, barren plants, and dropped
ears and significant for root lodging. Epistasis by male was
highly significant for cob diameter and plant and ear heights.
Epistasis by male was significant for yield, ear length,
kernel-row number, days to silk emergence, and silk delay.
The environment by epistasis by male effect was highly
significant for plant and ear heights and significant for ear
diameter and silk emergence.
The significance levels for epistasis and epistasis by
male sources of variation within individual environments are
presented in Table 11. Epistasis was either significant or
highly significant in all environments for ear length and days
to anthesis and in three environments for kernel-row number
and ears plant"'. Epistasis was either significant or highly
significant in two environments for yield, barren plants, and
dropped ears, and in one environment for ear and cob
diameters, root lodging, plant and ear heights, and days to
silk emergence.
Plant and ear heights had significant or highly
significant epistasis by male variation in four and three
environments, respectively. Epistasis by male was
70
Table 11.
Trait Source
Significance levels for epistasis and epistasis by xnale, from the individual environment analysis of variance for the triple testcross.
Environment
Ames 1992
Elkart 1992
Atomic Energy 1992
Ames 1993
Ankeny 1993
Yield (g plant""
Epistasis
Epistasis X male
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
**
ns ns
Ear Diameter (cm)
Epistasis
Epistasis x male
ns
ns
*
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns •kit
Cob D iameter (cm)
Epistasis
Epistasis x male
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
Kernel Depth (cm)
Epistasis
Epistasis x male
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
Ear Length (cm)
Epistasis
Epistasis x male
icir
ns
*
ns ns ns
*
ns
Kernel Row Number (no.)
Epistasis
Epistasis X male
4r*
ns
*
ns
ns
ns
•kit
ns
ns
ns
Ears Plant"' (no.)
Epistasis
Epistasis x male
ns
ns
*
ns
ns
ns
k
ns
* *
ns
Barren Plants (%)
Epistasis
Epistasis X male
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
k
ns
k k
ns
Significant at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels respectively, otherwise nonsignificant (ns).
71
Table 11. (continued)
Trait Source
Environment
Ames 1992
Elkart 1992
Atomic Energy 1992
Ames Ankeny 1993 1993
Root Lodging (%)
Epistasis
Epistasis X male
**
ifk ns itif
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
Stalk lodging (%)
Epistasis
Epistasis x male
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
Dropped Ears (%)
Epistasis
Epistasis x male
"k
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns ns
ns
ns
Plant Height (cm)
Epistasis
Epistasis x male
ns ns * *
* *
* *
ns
Ear Height (cm)
Epistasis
Epistasis x male
Anthesis (days)**
Epistasis
Epistasis x male
ns
ns
•k 1c •k
ns *
*
ns
ns •k "k
-k-k
ns
Silk Emergence (days)
Epistasis
Epistasis x male ns
ns
ns *k
Silk Delay (days)®
Epistasis
Epistasis x male
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns *
• Trait not measured in that environment.
Days from planting to 50% anthesis and silk emergence.
° Difference between anthesis and silk emergence.
72
significant or highly significant in two environments for root
lodging and days to silk emergence and one environment for ear
and cob diameters, days to anthesis and silk delay. The Ames
(1993) environment had nine traits with significant epistasis
and four with significant epistasis by male sources of
variation. The Ames (1992) and Ankeny (1993) environments had
a similar number of traits with significant variation due to
both types of epistasis.
Epistatic deviation means averaged across environments
and for individual environments are presented in Table 12.
Deviations were calculated from testcross performance as (B73
+ Mol7) - 2Fi. Therefore, a negative mean indicates the Fj
testcrosses had a larger mean for that trait than the average
of B73 and Mol7 testcrosses.
The combined deviation means were highly significantly
different from zero for kernel-row number, ear height, days to
anthesis and silk emergence, and silk delay (Table 12).
Combined deviation means were significantly different from
zero for grain yield, ear length, barren plants, and dropped
ears. Positive deviations for grain yield, ear length,
kernel-row number, ear height, and days to anthesis and silk
emergence indicate greater observed values of B73 and of Mol7
testcrosses for these traits (Table 7). A positive deviation
for dropped ears indicates poor performance for B73 and Mol7
testcrosses compared with F, testcrosses. Negative deviations
Table 12. Epistatic deviation means combined across environments and for individual environments.
Environment
Trait Combined Ames 1992
Elkhart 1992
Atomic Energy 1992
Ames 1993
Ankeny 1993
Yield (g plant"') 7.04* 8.89* -0.12 -0.62 14.00** 13.10**
Ear Diameter (cm) 0.00 -0.03 -0.05 0.02 0.04 0.02
Cob Diameter (cm) 0.00 0.00 -0.02 0.01 0.02 0.00
Kernel Depth (cm) 0.00 -0.02 -0.03 -0.01 0.03 0.02
Ear Length (cm) 0.63* 0.72** 0.61** 0.45 0.65** 0.69**
Kernel Rows (no.) 0.29** 0.25* 0.22* 0.18 0.57** 0.14
Ears Plant"' (no.) 0.00 0.00 -0.01* 0.00 0.03 0.05**
Barren Plants (%) -1.40* 0.10 0.80 0.00 -3.10* -4.60**
Root Lodging (%) -0.17 -1.59** 0.00 -0.17 0.08 0.79
Stalk Lodging (%) 0.57 0.56 -0.53 -0.77 1.51 1.98*
Dropped Ears (%) 0.83* 0.50 0.44 -0.11 3.17** 0.08
Plant Height (cm) 2.20 -0.48 0.29 6.74** 2.22
Ear Height (cm) 2.80** 0.94 - 1.31 5.74** 3.18**
Anthesis (days)*" 1.10** 1.18** - 1.11** 1.04** -
silk Emergence (days)** 0.64** 0.82** - 0.65* 0.42 -
Silk Delay (days)"^ -0.47** -0.36 - -0.47* -0.60** -
*,** Significantly different from zero at 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels respectively.
* Trait not measured in that environment.
'' Days from planting to 50% anthesis and silk emergence.
Difference between anthesis and silk emergence.
74
for barren plants and silk delay, indicate poorer performance
of Fj testcrosses compared with B73 and Mo17 testcrosses for
these traits. For individual environments, ear length had
highly significant deviations in four environments, while
grain yield, kernel-row number, and days to anthesis had
highly significant or significant deviations in three
environments. Ears plant"', barren plants, ear height, days to
silk emergence, and silk delay had significant or highly
significant deviations in two environments. Root and stalk
lodging, dropped ears, and plant height had significant or
highly significant deviations in one environment. The Ames
(1993) and Ankeny (1993) environments had 56 and 46 percent,
respectively, of traits with deviations different from zero.
The magnitude of the deviations were generally larger in these
environments compared with other environments. For example,
Ames (1993) had a deviation for grain yield of 14.0 g plant'
and Ankeny (1993) a 13.l g plant' deviation. Elkhart and
Atomic Energy had deviations near zero and Ames (1992) a
deviation of 8.9 g plant''. Similarly, deviations for barren
plants were large and negative at Ames (-3.1%) and Ankeny (-
4.6%) in 1993. In 1992, barren plant deviations were zero or
small positive values at the three environments (Table 12).
Epistatic deviation means for each male are presented in
the appendix (Tables Dl, D2, and D3). Specifically for grain
yield, deviation means across environments ranged from -28.9
75
to 37.0 g plant"', with a median of 7.9 g plant"'. Thirteen of
the 100 males had deviations which were significantly or
highly significantly different from zero. Eta-Ndu (1994)
reported for the cross A679 x Wx6005 that among 52 males, 11
had significant deviations with tester LH85 and seven had
significant deviations with tester LH163.
Variance Components
Variance components were considered significantly
different from zero if they were greater than twice their
standard error. If estimates are distributed normally the 95%
confidence interval will be bounded by ± two standard errors
of the estimate. Estimates were considered different from
each other if their confidence intervals did not overlap.
Triple Testcross
Additive genetic (a^^) variance was significantly
different from zero for all traits, except barren plants
(Table 13). The magnitude of significant estimates were at
least two to four times greater than their respective standard
errors. Estimates of additive by environment (c^ae) variance
were significant for all traits except kernel-row number, root
and stalk lodging, dropped ears, and silk delay. Estimates of
<7^ for yield, ear length, and barren plants were smaller in
magnitude than estimates.
76
Table 13. Estimates of variance components' (± standard error) from the triple testcross analysis of variance across five environments'" .
Trait
Yield (g plant"')
Bar Diameter (cm)°
Cob Diameter (cm)'=
Kernel Depth (cm)°
Ear Length (cm)
Kernel Rows (no.)
Ears Plant(no.)®
Barren Plants (%)
Root Lodging (%)
Stalk Lodging (%)
Dropped Ears (%)
Plant Height (cm)
Ear Height (cm)
Anthesis (days)**
Silk Emergence (days)''
Silk Delay (days)®
1.98 ± 0.39
1.30 ± 0.23
0.73 ± 0.18
0.58 ± 0.13
1.09 ± 0.17
0.05 ± 0.02
2.34 ± 1.27
0.45 ± 0.19
4.72 ± 1.26
0.35 ± 0.15
170.95 ± 26.32
125.14 ± 19.44
3.69 ± 0.63
3.53 ± 0.60
0.35 ± 0.10
107.02 ± : 21.85 260.70 ± 9.68
0.90 ± 0.24 3.21 ± 0.12
0.19 ± 0.09 1.48 + 0.06
0.40 ± 0.20 3.09 + 0.12
0.70 + 0.11 1.03 + 0.04
0.00 ± 0.02 0.35 + 0.01
0.11 + 0.03 0.37 ± 0.01
10.07 + 2.24 27.92 ± 1.04
0.05 + 0.32 5.79 + 0.21
2.70 + 1.46 23.09 + 0.86
0.29 + 0.24 4.01 + 0.15
7.42 + 2.74 33.91 + 1.41
5.46 + 2.44 31.72 + 1.32
0.53 ± 0.18 1.70 + 0.08
0.52 + 0.16 1.45 + 0.07
0.14 + 0.09 1.02 + 0.05
' Variance components: additive genetic variance, ct ae additive genetic by environmental variance, and a\ is experimental error variance.
Five environments for all traits except plant and ear heights which were measured in four and anthesis, silk emergence and silk delay which were measured in three environments.
' Estimates and standard errors multiplied by 100.
** Days from planting to 50% anthesis and silk emergence.
' Difference between anthesis and silk emergence.
77
Design III
Barren plants, root lodging, and dropped ears did not
have estimates of significantly different from zero (Table
14). Significant estimates were generally two to five times
greater than their standard errors. Estimates of were not
different from zero for ear and cob diameters, kernel depth,
kernel-row number, root and stalk lodging and dropped ears.
Estimates of were larger than for yield, ears plant',
barren plants, and dropped ears. The precision and magnitude
of the estimates of from Design III and TTC were similar
(Tables 13 and 14). Estimates of from the Design III were
generally larger, but did not differ from TTC estimates by
more than a one standard error. For several traits, yield,
ear and cob diameters, kernel depth, and barren plants
estimates of from the Design III were smaller but not
significantly different than estimates from TTC.
Estimates of dominance genetic variance (a\) were
significantly different from zero for all traits except ears
plant"', barren plants, root lodging, dropped ears and silk
delay (Table 14). Significant estimates of o\ were generally
greater than three times their standard errors. Ear length,
barren plants, plant and ear heights, days to silk emergence,
and silk delay had significant estimates of a^oE-
Estimates of and a\ were not different from each other
for ear diameter, kernel depth, ear length, barren plants.
Table 14. Estimates of variance components* (± standard error) and average level of dominance (d) from the Design III analysis of variance across five environments''.
^^ Yield (g plant"') 52.46 ± : 18. 25 65.68 i : 27. 65 155.63 ± : 27. 45
Ear Diameter (cm)*' 2.15 ± 0. 43 0.40 + 0. 31 1.16 + 0. 23
Cob Diameter (cm)'* 1.62 ± 0. 28 0.07 ± 0. 13 0.24 + 0. 06
Kernel Depth (cm)'' 0.89 ± 0. 23 0.04 ± 0. 28 0.50 ± 0. 13
Ear Length (cm) 0.60 ± 0. 14 0.60 ± 0. 13 0.40 ± 0. 08
Kernel Rows (no.) 1.13 ± 0. 18 -0.02 ± 0. 03 0.12 ± 0. 02
Ears Plant"' (no.)** 0.06 ± 0. 02 0.09 ± 0. 04 0.00 ± 0. 01
Barren Plants {%) 2.91 ± 1-50 6.55 ± 2. 77 -0.24 + 0. 50
Hoot Lodging (%) 0.38 ± 0. 25 -0.11 ± 0. 53 0.04 + 0. 11
Stalk Lodging (%) 6.56 ± 1. 78 2.76 ± 2. 21 1.05 + 0. 49
Dropped Ears (%) 0.45 ± 0. 24 0.67 ± 0. 46 0.17 ± 0. 11
Plant Height (cm) 180.01 ± 28. 15 14.06 ± 4. 01 20.68 + 3. 78
Ear Height (cm) 136.65 ± 21. 68 13.65 ± 3. 79 10.98 ± 2. 32
Anthesis (days)® 3.53 ± 0. 63 0.60 ± 0. 25 0.46 ± 0. 12
Silk Emergence (days)' 3.25 + 0. 58 0.72 ± 0. 22 0.53 ± 0. 12
Silk Delay (days)*^ 0.40 ± 0. 13 0.30 ± 0. 14 0.07 + 0. 05
" Variance components: is additive genetic variance, CT^ae additive genetic by environmental variance, is dominance genetic variance, (T^de is dominance genetic by environmental variance, and experimental error variance.
Plant and ear heights measured in four environments and anthesis, silk emergence and silk delay measured in three environments.
° Average level of dominance deviated from complete dominance at 0.01 probability level.
^ Estimates and standard errors multiplied by 100.
' Days from planting to 50% anthesis or silk emergence.
f Difference between anthesis and silk emergence.
79
g^DE d g'p/q^A
15-96 1 : 12.71 267.72 i : 12.27 2.44' 2.97
0.14 ± 0.15 3.24 ± 0.15 1.04 0.54
-0.05 ± 0.06 1.39 ± 0.06 0.54"= 0.15
0.13 ± 0.15 3.14 ± 0.14 1.06 0.56
0.13 ± 0.05 1.05 ± 0.05 1.16 0.67
-0.02 ± 0.01 0.35 ± 0.02 0.46® 0.10
0.02 ± 0.02 0.35 ± 0.02 - 0.00
2.70 + 1.34 26.79 ± 1.23 - -0.08
0.08 ± 0.27 6.10 ± 0.28 0.47 0.11
-1.24 ± 0.94 23.30 ± 1.07 0.57 0.16
0.25 ± 0.22 4.72 ± 0.22 0.88 0.38
4.53 ± 1.81 29.28 ± 1.50 0.48"= 0.12
4.35 ± 1.70 27.38 + 1.40 0.40"= 0.08
0.06 + 0.10 1.63 ± 0.10 0.51' 0.13
0.16 ± 0.09 1.29 + 0.08 0.57' 0.16
0.15 ± 0.07 0.91 ± 0.05 0.61 0.19
80
root lodging, and dropped ears. For grain yield, was
greater than while the opposite was true for the remaining
traits. Therefore, the ratio was less than one for all
traits except grain yield (Table 14). Ratios were generally
greater in magnitude for traits in this study, compared with
ratios reported in the study of Han and Hallauer (1989), who
also evaluated the Fj of B73 x Mol7.
The average level of dominance deviated from complete
dominance for yield, cob diameter, kernel-row number, plant
height, ear height, anthesis, and silk emergence (Table 14).
Of these traits grain yield had an average level of dominance
in the overdominant range (2.44), while the remaining traits
exhibited partial dominance.
Han and Hallauer (1989) reported an average level of
dominance for grain yield of 1.28, which did not deviate from
complete dominance. The average level of dominance for other
traits in the present study were similar to those reported by
Han and Hallauer (1989). The average level of dominance for
grain yield observed in the present study was also greater
than estimates previously reported for Fj populations by
Robinson et al. (1949), Gardner et al. (1953), Moll et al.
(1964), and Gardner and Lonnquist (1959). Estimates reported
in these studies ranged from 1.03 to 2.14. For other traits
the level of dominance was similar to estimates from these
studies.
81
S, Progeny
Genetic variance (a^o) estimates were significantly
different from zero for all traits except root lodging (Table
15). Genetic by environmental (O^OE) variances were
significantly different from zero for all traits except kernel
depth, ear length, root and stalk lodging, and dropped ears.
The estimate of a^oE for ears plant' and barren plants was
larger but not significantly different than the estimate of
a^Q. Estimates of phenotypic variance were generally smaller
than the error variance, except for plant and ear heights.
For several traits the estimates of were smaller than those
reported by Han and Hallauer (1989).
Covariance 8, and Half-sibs
Covariance of S, and half-sibs translated into
are presented in Table 16. Estimates of were not different
from zero for yield and dropped ears. Additive by environment
variance was different from zero for yield, ear diameter, ears
plant"', barren plants, days to anthesis, and silk emergence.
For yield was significantly greater than CT\, while for
ears plant"' and barren plants it was larger but not different
from The magnitude of estimates from covariance of S, and
half-sibs was generally smaller than estimates from TTC and
Design III. For ears plant"', barren plants, days to anthesis,
and silk delay, estimates of were larger than those
Table 15. Estimates of variance components* (± standard error) from the S, progeny analysis of variance across five environments'".
Trait
Yield (g plant"') 206.44 ± 29.05 166.65 ± 29.20
Ear Diameter (cm)'^ 2.80 ± 20.40 2.38 ± 0.40
Cob Diameter (cm)*^ 1.45 ± 0.21 1.20 ± 0.21
Kernel Depth (cm)'^ 1.23 ± 0.17 0.91 ± 0.18
Ear Length (cm) 1.18 ± 0.17 1.04 ± 0.17
Kernel Rows (no.) 1.06 + 0.15 1.00 ± 0.15
Ears Plant"' (no.)° 0.44 + 0.06 0.29 ± 0.06
Barren Plants (%) 30.51 ± 4.29 18.13 ± 4.39
Root Lodging (%) 0.79 ± 0.11 -0.09 ± 0.13
Stalk Lodging (%) 7.46 ± 1.05 4.30 ± 1.07
Dropped Ears (%) 0.67 ± 0.09 0.26 ± 0.10
Plant Height (cm) 219.97 ± 30.95 210.67 ± 30.96
Ear Height (cm) 169.97 ± 23.92 163.22 ± 23.93
Anthesis (days)** 5.69 ± 0.80 4.95 ± 0.80
Silk Emergence (days)"* 4.75 ± 0.67 4.07 ± 0.67
Silk Delay (days)'' 0.82 ± 0.12 0.47 ± 0.12
2 2 • Variance components: Op is phenotypic variance, O q is genetic variance is genetic by environmental variance, and is experimental error
variance.
Plant and ear heights measured in four environments and anthesis, silk emergence and silk delay measured in three environments.
Estimates and standard errors multiplied by 100.
Days from planting to 50% anthesis or silk emergence.
® Difference between anthesis and silk emergence.
83
59.52 ± 15.89 251.02 ± 16.55
0.44 ± 0.18 3.20 ± 0.21
0.26 ± 0.10 1.80 ± 0.12
-0.02 ± 0.15 3.03 ± 0.20
0.07 ± 0.06 1.12 ± 0.07
0.05 ± 0.02 0.44 + 0.03
0.35 ± 0.06 0.71 + 0.05
32.42 ± 4.53 50.28 ± 3.32
-0.29 ± 0.42 8.76 ± 0.58
1.12 ± 1.40 27.10 + 1.79
0.20 ± 0,18 3.36 ± 0.22
8.66 3.47 50.88 + 3.78
7.23 ± 2.48 35.04 + 2.60
0.98 ± 0.23 2.21 ± 0.19
0.72 ± 0.22 2.38 ± 0.20
0.39 ± 0.11 1.19 ± 0.10
84
Table 16. Estimates of additive genetic (o a) additive by environment variance components (± standard error) from analysis of covariance between S, and half-sib progeny across five environments*.
^
Yield (g plant"') 28.09 ± : 18.42 57.48 ± : 14.87
Ear Diameter (cm)'' 1.46 ± 0.33 0.40 ± 0.16
Cob Diameter (cm)** 1.26 ± 0-21 -0.06 ± 0.09
Kernel Depth (cm)'' 0.50 ± 0.15 0.05 ± 0.14
Ear Length (cm) 0.62 ± 0.13 0.08 + 0.06
Kernel Rows (no.) 0.98 ± 0.15 -0.01 + 0.02
Ears Plant"^ (no. )*" 0.10 ± 0.03 0.13 + 0.03
Barren Plants (%) 5.51 ± 1.75 11.70 ± 2.25
Root Lodging (%) 0.40 ± 0.14 -0.17 ± 0.28
Stalk Lodging (%) 4.98 ± 1.10 1.02 ± 1.14
Dropped Ears (%) 0.03 ± 0.11 0.31 ± 0.16
Plant Height (cm) 172.87 ± 27.15 0.36 2.98
Ear Height (cm) 138.15 ± 21.36 -0.52 ± 2.38
Anthesis (days)*^ 4.01 ± 0.67 0.49 ± 0.22
Silk Emergence (days)*^ 3.44 ± 0.60 0.51 0.19
Silk Delay (days)'' 0.50 ± 0.10 -0.05 ± 0.08
* Plant and ear heights measured in four environments and anthesis, silk emergence and silk delay measured in three environments.
Estimates and standard errors multiplied by 100.
° Days from planting to 50% anthesis or silk emergence.
** Difference between anthesis and silk emergence.
85
obtained from TTC and Design III. Overall, estimates of
and from covariance analysis were generally within one
standard error of estimates from TTC and Design III.
Weighted Least Squares
Models that included the maximum number of parameters
permitted by the number of independent equations often
produced an X-matrix that was singular or nearly singular.
These models included two digenic epistatic terms and gave
unrealistic estimates (very large or negative, with large
standard errors). Chi et al. (1969), Wright et al. (1971) and
Silva and Hallauer (1975) also obtained unrealistic and
negative estimates as the number of epistatic terms in the
model increased. Therefore, models which included no more
than one digenic epistatic term were used.
The following six models were utilized for estimating
genetic and error variances:
Model Parameters
1
2 0'^A> O^AAF O^AAE. <1/
3 O\E, o'e2
4 O\E> O\, O\A> ^^AAE'
5 O\E> O\, 2 ^ V D R ® DDE»
6 O\E> O\, ^^VE' ^^ADE'
Results of the six models for each trait are presented in
86
Tables 17 to 32. Across all traits the Chi-square lack of fit
was generally significant for models 1 and 2, while the
remaining models generally provided an adequate fit to the
data. Model 3 generally provided a good fit, with R-squares
greater than 97 percent and lowest standard errors of the six
models for the majority of traits. Silva and Hallauer (1975)
and Wright et al. (1971) also obtained their best results from
the same model. Estimates of a\, ^rid from model
3 (Tables 17 to 32) were generally similar to estimates from
the Design III (Table 14), while the standard errors from
weighted least squares were generally less than those from
Design III. Only the estimate of for ear length was
significantly different between the two studies, which was
greater in the Design III. Additive genetic variance (ct a)
from model 3 was not different from zero for root lodging,
while o\ was not different from zero for ears plant"\ barren
plants, root lodging, dropped ears, and silk delay. Estimates
of were not significantly different from each other
for ear and cob diameters, kernel depth, ear length, root
lodging, and dropped ears. For the remaining traits estimates
of were greater than a\, except for yield.
Inclusion of digenic epistatic variances in models 4, 5,
and 6 generally improved the fit and increased the R-square
values compared with model 3. However, the standard errors of
a^A models 4, 5, and 6 increased compared with model
Table 17. Yield (g/plant), weighted least squares estimates (E) of variance components and their respective standard errors (SE) for six models, based on the combined analysis across five environments.
Variance Components* and Standard Errors
Model < ae < d O aa ® aae o^el <^c2
1 E
SB
60.93
11.79
57.48
10.07
276.77
9.94
254.82
15.13
96.3 51.7**
2 E -4.79 53.78 138.60 5.62 279.10 251.92 97.0 42.1**
SE 24.78 25.56 45.44 35.28 10.23 16.43
3 E 54.78 57.46 170.82 14.93 269.15 251.87 99.4 8.2
SE 11.85 10.08 26.81 12.19 10.99 15.20
4 E 13.31 62.40 161.32 14.88 87.38 -7.44 270.00 252.13 99.6 4.6
SE 24.98 26.21 27.28 12.61 46.23
0 dd
36.48
2 0 dde
11.56 16.43
5 E 41.23 58.97 625.66 -1.78 -470.03 16.61 269.98 251.02 99.9 1.1
SE 12.95 13.08 172.94 108.70 176.54
O ad
110.66
" ade
11.22 16.55
6 E 41.23 58.97 155.63 14.83 351.50 -12.62 269.98 251.02 99.9 1.1
SE 12.95 13.09 27.40 12.45 132.02 84.10 11.22 16.55
® Components of variance are additive genetic dominance (o^d)» digenic epistasis of and (cj aa»o^dd/®^ad) » interaction of these components by environment o^de/ ®^aae» "^dde# <^ade) f experimental error of the design III (a^ei) experimental error of S, progeny (0^52)*
*,** Chi-square lack of fit significant at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively.
Table 18. Ear diameter (cm), weighted least squares estimates (E) of variance components and their respective standard errors (SE) for six models, based on the combined analysis across five environments.
Variance Components* and Standard Errors
Model ®^de « aa " aae <^e2
1 E*"
SE
1.92
0.22
0.40
0.11
3.29
0.12
3.24
0.19
97.7 33.0**
2 E 1.56 0.29 0.61 0.16 3.31 3.20 97.7 32.1**
SE 0.50 0.28 0.75 0.40 0.12 0.21
3 E 1.83 0.40 1.19 0.15 3.20 3.21 99.8 2.2
SE 0.22 0.11 0.22 0.14 0.13 0.19
4 E 1.73 0.38 1.18 0.14 0.17 0.03 3.21 3.20 99.8 2.2
SE 0.50 0.29 0.22 0.15 0.76
dd
0.41
®*dde
0.14 0.21
5 E 1.73 0.40 3.12 0.23 -1.95 -0.09 3.21 3.20 99.9 1.7
SE 0.26 0.14 2.57 1.22 2.59
ad
1.24 0.13 0.21
6 E 1.73 0.40 1.17 0.14 1.45 0.06 3.21 3.20 99.9 1.7
SE 0.26 0.14 0.22 0.14 1.92 0.95 0.13 0.21
' Components of variance are additive genetic (o^a)» dominance digenic epiatasis of and (o'aa'O^dd/O^ad) ' interaction of these components by environment (a^^, <^AAEr O^DDB' < ade) » experimental error of the design III (o^j) and experimental error of S, progeny (ai^ei)'
Estimates and standard errors multiplied by 100.
*,** Chi-square lack of fit significant at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively.
Table 19. Cob diameter (cm), weighted least squares estimates (E) of variance components and their respective standard errors (SE) for six models, based on the combined analysis across five environments.
Variance Components* and Standard Errors
Model O^ae O^de < aa ® aae O^el o^e2
1 E*"
SE
1.32
0.13
0.05
0.06
1.38
0.05
1.93
0.10
98.2 25.3**
2 E 1.62 -0.18 -0.45 0.39 1.41 1.83 98.6 20.4**
SE 0.31 0.13 0.43 0.20 0.05 0.12
3 E 1.30 0.06 0.22 -0.03 1.38 1.93 99.2 7.7
SE 0.13 0.06 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.10
4 E 1.65 -0.20 0.23 -0.06 -0.54 0.43 1.43 1.82 99.8 2.0
SE 0.31 0.14 0.05 0.06 0.43
O^DD
0.21
O'dde
0.06 0.12
5 E 1.40 -0.04 -1.16 1.55 1.39 -1.61 1.41 1.80 99.9 1.3
SE 0.17 0.07 1.44 0.66 1.45
O^AD
0.67
®'ade
0.06 0.12
6 E 1.40
O 0 1 0.23 -0.06 -1.04 1.22 1.41 1.80 99.9 1.3
SE 0.17 0.07 0.05 0.06
CO o • 0.51 0.06 0.12
' Components of variance are additive genetic (ct a)' dominance (o^d)' digenic epistasis of and o^D (o^AA» ®^ddf » interaction of these components by environment (o^ae/ o^aae/ o^dde/ o^ade) » experimental error of the Design III (o^ei)/ experimental error of S| progeny (o^e2)'
'' Estimates and standard errors multiplied by 100.
*,** Chi-square lack of fit significant at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively.
Table 20. Kernel depth (cm), weighted least squares estimates (E) of variance components and their respective standard errors (SE) for six models, based on the combined analysis across five environments.
Variance Components* and Standard Errors
Model t a ® ae " de < aa aae o^e2 R'
1 £•>
SE
0.72
0.10
0.01
0.09
3.22
0.11
3.00
0.17
98.4 22.4**
2 E 0.54 0.04 0.29 -0.03 3.22 3.00 98.4 21.8**
SE 0.25 0.24 0.36 0.33 0.11 0.19
3 E 0.68 0.02 0.51 0.12 3.14 2.96 99.8 2.8
SE 0.10 0.09 0.12 0.14 0.12 0.17
4 E 0.62 0.13 0.51 0.14 0.09 -0.17 3.12 3.01 99.8 2.5
SE 0.25 0.25 0.13 0.14 0.36
O dd
0.35
dde
0.13 0.19
5 E 0.62 0.05 1.42 -0.33 -0.92 0.47 3.13 3.00 99.8 2.1
SE 0.13 0.12 1.18 1.02 1.18
O ad
1.04
ade
0.12 0.20
6 E 0.62 0.05 0.50 0.13 0.69 -0.35 3.13 3.00 99.8 2.1
SE 0.13 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.89 0.79 0.12 0.20
* Components of variance are additive genetic (o^a)' dominance (o^d)' digenic epistasis of and o'd (o aaf o'ad) » interaction of these components by environment o^def <^aae» <^DDEr o^ade) f experimental error of the Design III (o^ei)' experimental error of S, progeny (o^e2)*
** Estimates and standard errors multiplied by 100.
*,** Chi-square lack of fit significant at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively.
Table 21. Ear length (cm), weighted least squares estimates (E) of variance components and their respective standard errors (SE) for six models, based on the combined analysis across five environments.
Variance Components* and Standard Errors
Model O a °\E < DE < aa O'aae o'el °'C2 R' X'
1 E
SE
0.74
0.08
0.12
0.04
1.16
0.04
1.08
0.06
96.5 50.0**
2 E 0.43 0.32 0.55 -0.28 1.14 1.14 97.0 43.1**
SE 0.18 0.11 0.29 0.14 0.04 0.07
3 E 0.72 0.11 0.42 0.08 1.12 1.07 98.8 17.5**
SE 0.08 0.04 0.08 0.05 0.04 0.07
4 E 0.49 0.37 0.40 0.11 0.41 -0.36 1.09 1.15 99.3 10.1**
SE 0.18 0.11 0,08 0.05 0.29 0.15
0 dde
0.04 0.07
5 E 0.64 0.18 2.07 -0.60 -1.67 0.70 1.11 1.12 99.1 12.8**
SE 0.09 0.06 1.03 0.43 1.04
® ad
0.44
O^ade
0.04 0.07
6 E 0.64 0.18 0.40 0.10 1.25 -0.53 1.11 1.12 99.1 12.8**
SE 0.09 0.06 0.08 0.05 0.78 0.34 0.04 0.07
* Components of variance are additive genetic (o^a), dominance (o^d)* digenic epistasis of and a^O (o^aa/O^dd/'^ad) » interaction of these components by environment (o^ae/ °^DE> °^ME' "W/ <^ade)/ experimental error of the Design III (o^ei), and experimental error of S, progeny (0^52) •
*,** Chi-square lack of fit, significant at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively.
Table 22. Kernel-row number (no.)» weighted least squares estimates (E) of variance components and their respective standard errors (SE) for six models, based on the combined analysis across five environments.
Variance Components* and Standard Errors
Model < a O^ae O de O aa O aae o^e2
1 E
SE
1.03
0.09
0.002
0.01
0.34
0.01
0.47
0.02
97.6 34.0**
2 E 1.11 -0.05 -0.12 0.09 0.34 0.44 97.9 30.3**
SB 0.20 0.03 0.30 0.05 0.01 0.03
3 E 1.02 0.002 0.12 -0.01 0.34 0.47 99.6 5.6
SE 0.09 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02
4 E 1.12 -0.06 0.12 -0.02 -0.17 0.10 0.35 0.44 99.9 0.6
SE 0.20 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.30
0 dd
0.05
O^dde
0.01 0.03
5 E 1.04 -0.02 -0.27 0.32 0.39 -0.34 0.35 0.44 99.9 0.4
SE 0.11 0.01 1.01 0.15 1.01
O ad
0.15
®'ade
0.01 0.03
6 E 1.04 -0.02 0.12 -0.02 -0.29 0.26 0.35 0.44 99.9 0.4
SE 0.11 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.76 0,12 0.01 0.03
* Components of variance are additive genetic (0^^)/ dominance {a^g), digenic epistasis of and cTp o^ad) ' interaction of these components by environment (o^ae, o^de/ ®^aae» <^ddb' ^ade) f experimental error of the Design III and experimental error of S, progeny (^^2)'
*,** Chi-square lack of fit, significant at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively.
Table 23. Ears plant"' (no.), weighted least squares estimates (E) of variance components and their respective standard errors (SE) for six models, based on the combined analysis across five environments.
Variance Components' and Standard Errors
Model O'ae O de O aa O aae O^el «^e2 R' X'
1 E**
SE
0.09
0.02
0.14
0.02
0.35
0.01
0.79
0.04
97.4 37.8**
2 E -0.01 -0.04 0.27 0.37 0.36 0.72 99.8 3.3
SB 0.04 0.05 0.08 0.09 0.01 0.05
3 E 0.09 0.14 0.00 0.03 0.33 0.79 97.6 33.8**
SE 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.04
4 E -0.01 -0.03 0.00 0.02 0.27 0.35 0.35 0.72 99.8 2.0
SE 0.04 0.05 0.01 0.02 0.08
O^dd
0.09
dde
0.02 0.05
5 E 0.08 0.11 1.16 1,25 -1.16 -1.23 0.34 0.71 99.7 3.7
SE 0.02 0.02 0.35 0.32 0.35
O ad
0.32
" ade
0.02 0.05
6 E 0.08 0.11 0.00 0.02 0.87 0.93 0.34 0.71 99.7 3.7
SE 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.26 0.25 0.01 0.05
' Components of variance are additive genetic (c a)' dominance (o^d)' digenic epistasis of and o'd (o^aa# o^ad) ' interaction of these components by environment (o ae/ o^de/ o aae? ®^dde» ® ade) / experimental error of the Design III and experimental error of S, progeny (^e2)*
^ Estimates and standard errors multiplied by 100.
*,** chi-square lack of fit significant at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively.
Table 24. Barren plants (%), weighted least squares estimates (E) of variance components and their respective standard errors (SE) for six models, based on the combined analysis across five environments.
Variance Components* and Standard Errors
Model o A ° AE 0^
ft)
O^AA ®^AAE <^e2 R'
1 E
SE
4.42
1.10
12.09
1.61
26.73
1.00
56.70
3.11
96.5 51.1**
2 E -1.77 -4.91 16.83 35.61 28.30 50.94 99.5 6.5
SE 2.46 3.68 5.51 6.98 1.30 3.26
3 E 4.48 12.62 -0.26 3.86 25.13 56.29 97.1 41.8**
SE 1.10 1.62 0.50 1.32 1.13 3.11
4 E -1.75 -3.38 -0.24 2.54 16.79 33.08 27.18 51.04 99.8 2.8
SE 2.46 3.76 0.50 1.34 5.51
0 DD
7.10
O^DDE
1.19 3.26
5 E 3.88 9.74 77.20 118.26 -77.44 -115.15 25.98 50.30 99.7 4.7
SE 1.14 1.74 24.51 25.59 24.53
O^AD
25.69
®^ADE
1.15 3.32
6 E 3.88 9.74 -0.24 3.11 57.91 87.51 25.98 50.30 99.7 4.7
SE 1.14 1.74 0.50 1.33 18.34 19.53 1.14 3.32
' Components of variance are additive genetic (o^a) / dominance (a^o), digenic epistasis of and (o^aa/O^dd'O^ad) ' interaction of these components by environment (o^ae/ <^aae» ' experimental error of the Design III (o^ei)' experimental error of S, progeny (0^2)*
*,** Chi-square lack of fit, significant at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively.
Table 25. Root lodging (%), weighted least squares estimates (E) of variance components and their respective standard errors (SE) for six models, based on the combined analysis across five environments.
Variance Componenta* and Standard Errors
Model O^AE O^DE O^AA O^AAE O^el
1 E
SE
0.15
0.09
-0.13
0.21
6.19
0.21
8.26
0.44
99.3 9.7
2 E 0.74 -0.08 -0.81 -0.18 6.13 8.70 99.9 1.3
SE 0.24 0.51 0.31 0.81 0.22 0.56
3 E 0.15 -0.13 0.00 0.05 6.17 8.24 99.3 9.6*
SE 0.09 0.21 0.11 0.26 0.24 0.45
4 E 0.74 -0.01 0.04 0.10 -0.82 -0.29 6.06 8.72 99.9 0.9
SE 0.24 0.53 0.11 0.27 0.31
O^DD
0.84
O^DDE
0.26 0.56
5 E 0.39 -0.15 -2.64 -0.75 2.68 0.83 6.11 8.76 99.9 0.01
SE 0.12 0.24 0.96 2.54 0.97 2.58
O^ADE
0.24 0.58
6 E 0.39 -0.16 0.04 0.07 -2.00 -0.63 6.11 8,76 99.9 0.01
SE 0.12 0.24 0.11 0.26 0.72 1.96 0.24 0.57
' Components of variance are additive genetic dominance (o^d)» digenic epistasis of and {®^aa»®^dd'®^ad) » interaction of these components by environment {o^ae» ®^de» o^aae» o^dde/ '^ade) » experimental error of the Design III (o^ei)» experimental error of S, progeny (<^52)*
*,** Chi-sc[uare lack of fit, significant at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively.
Table 26. Stalk lodging (%), weighted least squares estimates (E) of variance components and their respective standard errors (SE) for six models, based on the combined analysis across five environments.
Variance ComponentB* and Standard Errors
Model O^AE O^DE <^AAE <^e2
1 E
SE
4.96
0.71
1.40
0.81
23.19
0.80
26.74
1.52
99.4 7.8
2 E 6.60 2.31 -2.42 -1.48 23.00 27.37 99.6 6.4
SE 1.80 2.03 2.42 2.95 0.82 1.76
3 E 4.85 1.43 1.01 -1.45 23.73 27.00 99.8 2.3
SE 0.71 0.81 0.48 0.89 0.94 1.53
4 E 6.78 1.71 1.06 -1.37 -2.83 -0.49 23.59 27.32 99.9 0.8
SE 1.80 2.10 0.49 0.92 2.43 3.06
O^DDE
1.00 1.76
5 E 5.46 1.36 -6.61 -0.81 7,66 -0.63 23.70 27.10 99.9 1.3
SE 0.94 1.01 7.73 9.10 7.75
<^AD
9.24
O^ADE
0.96 1.77
6 E 5.46 1.36 1.05 -1.45 -5.73 0.48 23.70 27.10 99.9 1.3
SE 0.94 1.01 0.49 0.91 5.80 7.02 0.96 1.79
* Components of variance are additive genetic (o^a)/ dominance (o^d)/ digenic epistasis of and o^D (a^AA'®^dd/® ad)» interaction of these components by environment (o^ae o^de' ®^aae' o^dde» <^ade) » experimental error of the Design III (0^^)/ and experimental error of S, progeny (^52)*
*,** Chi-square lack of fit, significant at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively.
Table 27. Dropped ears (%), weighted least squares estimates (E) of variance components and their respective standard errors (SE) for six models, based on the combined analysis across five environments.
Variance Components* and Standard Errors
Model O^AE O DE ' 'AA ®^AAE < e2
1 &
SE
0.18
0.07
0.27
0.11
4.98
0.17
3.34
0.19
99.3 10.0
2 E 0.06 0.44 0.17 -0.24 4.97 3.38 99.3 9.4
SE 0.20 0.31 0.25 0.42 0.17 0.22
3 E 0.16 0.26 0.19 0.14 4.87 3.30 99.6 5.1
SE 0.07 0.11 0.11 0.21 0.19 0.19
4 E 0.10 0.54 0.18 0.20 0.09 -0.40 4.82 3.39 99.6 4.3
SE 0.20 0.32 0.11 0.22 0.26
O DD
0.45
O^DDE
0.20 0.22
5 E 0.11 0.34 0.77 -0.76 -0.60 0.95 4.85 3.36 99.7 4.2
SE 0.10 0.15 0.75 1.22 0.77
O^AD
1.26
®^ADE
0.19 0.22
6 E 0.11 0.34 0.17 0.18 0.44 -0.72 4.85 3.36 99.7 4.2
SE 0.10 0.15 0.11 0.22 0.57 0.96 0.19 0.22
* Components of variance are additive genetic (o^a)# dominance {ai^o), digenic epistasis of and o'd (®^AA'®^DDf ®^ad) ' interaction of these components by environment (o^ae/ "^dde' '^ade) » experimental error of the Design III experimental error of S, progeny {(^^2) •
*,** Chi-square lack of fit, significant at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively.
Table 28. Plant height (cm), weighted least squares estimates (E) of variance components and their respective standard errors (SE) for six models, based on the combined analysis across four environments.
Variance Components* and Standard Errors
Model O ae ® de ® aa ® aae <^el <^e2
1 E
SE
187.34
16.63
5.91
1.96
31.93
1.30
52.54
3.38
95.9 46.8**
2 E 162.42 5.53 45.26 0.64 31.96 52.35 96.0 46.1**
SE 34.66 4.47 55.21 6.71 1.33 3.74
3 E 185.94 6.02 20.73 4.07 30.37 51.87 99.3 8.5
SE 16.63 1.96 3.78 1.77 1.41 3.39
4 E 164.97 7.67 20.65 4.20 38.02 -2.74 30.22 52.48 99.3 7.9*
SE 34.66 4.54 3.78 1.80 55.22
®'dd
6.83
^dde
1.46 3.74
5 E 177.80 5.25 176.68 16.73 -156.00 -12.82 30.52 50.88 99.3 7.6*
SE 19.68 2.39 200.56 22.24 200.62
< ad
22.45
®'ade
1.43 3.78
6 E 177.80 5.25 20.68 3.91 116.14 9.75 30.52 50.88 99.3 7.6*
SE 19.68 2.39 3.78 1.79 149.35 17.06 1.43 3.78
" Components of variance are additive genetic (o a), dominance (o'p), digenic epistasis of and o'b (o^aa/®^dd»®^ad) ' interaction of these components by environment "^aae/ o^dde '^ade) r experimental error of the Design III (a^ei)' experimental error of S, progeny (0^52)*
*,** Chi-square lack of fit, significant at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively.
Table 29. Ear height (cm), weighted least squares estimates (E) of variance components and their respective standard errors (SE) for six models, based on the combined analysis across four environments.
Variance ComponentB* and Standard Errors
Model O\ O^AE O^DE "^AA O^AAE <^e2 R'
1 E
SE
145.91
12.92
4.67
1.56
30.14
1.21
36.47
2.38
96.2 43.7**
2 E 125.93 3.16 36.39 2.30 30.25 36.01 96.3 42.8**
SE 26.81 3.82 42.62 5.33 1.24 2.58
3 E 145.23 4.60 10.97 3.92 28.56 35.96 99.0 11.4*
SE 12.92 1.56 2.31 1.66 1.31 2.38
4 E 128.98 -3.90 10.90 3.66 30.99 6.78 29.44 36.93 99.1 10.8**
SE 26.81 3.88 2.32 1.69 42.63
O^DD
5.45
O^DDE
1.36 2.58
5 E 138.88 3.50 132.45 18.47 -121.47 -14.81 28.77 35.04 99.1 10.0**
SE 15.32 2.02 155.29 16.87 155.32
®^AD
17.09
®'ADE
1.33 2.60
6 E 138.88 3.50 10.98 3.66 90.42 11.26 28.77 35.04 99.1 10.0**
SE 15.32 2.02 2.32 1.68 115.62 12.99 1.33 2.60
* Components of variance are additive genetic {o^a)» dominance (o^d)? digenic epistasis of and interaction of these components by environment (a^^, <^aae» ^DDE> «^ade) / experimental error of the Design III t and experimental error of S, progeny (^e2)*
*,** Chi-square lack of fit, significant at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively.
Table 30, Anthesis (days from planting), weighted least squares estimates (E) of variance components and their respective standard errors (SE) for six models, based on the combined analysis across three environments.
Variance Components* and Standard Errors
Model " ae O de O aa € aae <^e2
1 E
SE
4.03
0.40
0.66
0.13
1.68
0.08
2.32
0.18
97.3 23.7**
2 E 3.05 0.26 1.93 0.67 1.71 2.22 97.9 19.0**
SE 0.81 0.29 1.37 0.44 0.08 0.18
3 E 4.00 0.68 0.46 0.08 1.61 2.31 99.5 4.3
SB 0.40 0.13 0.11 0.10 0.09 0.18
4 E 3.10 0.33 0.46 0.05 1.77 0.57 1.64 2.23 99.9 0.7
SE 0.81 0.30 0.11 0.10 1.36 0.45
O^dde
0.09 0.18
5 E 3.74 0.54 6.47 2.31 -6.00 -2.25 1.64 2.21 99.9 0.3
SE 0.46 0.16 4.96 1.51 4.96
ad
1.52
®\de
0.09 0.19
6 E 3.74 0.54 0.46 0.06 4.50 1.71 1.63 2.21 99.9 0.3
SE 0.46 0.16 0.12 0.10 3.72 1.16 0.09 0.19
' Components of variance are additive genetic (o^a)# dominance (o^d)/ digenic epistasis of and (c^AA/O'DDf <^ad) » interaction of these components by environment d^tm' ®^aae/ o^dde' o^ade)/ experimental error of the Design III (o^d)/ and experimental error of S, progeny (o^e2)-
*,** Chi-square lack of fit, significant at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively.
Table 31. Silk emergence (days from planting), weighted least squares estimates (E) of variance components and their respective standard errors (SE) for six models, based on the combined analysis across three environments.
Variance Components* and Standard Errors
Model a\ O^AE <^D ®^DE <^AA O^AAE <^c2 R'
1 E
SE
3.53
0.35
0.61
0.12
1.38
0.07
2.43
0.18
96.8 28.1**
2 E 2.92 0.51 1.16 0.17 1.38 2.40 97.0 26.9**
SE 0.73 0.26 M
CD
0.41 0.07 0.20
3 E 3.50 0.62 0.53 0.16 1.30 2.41 99.8 1.3
SB 0.35 0.12 0.12 0.09 0.07 0.18
4 E 2.98 0.61 0.53 0.16 0.97 0.02 1.30 2.40 99.9 0.6
SE 0.73 0.27 0.12 0.09 1.18
O^DD
0.41
O'DDE
0.07 0.20
5 E 3.33 0.60 3.94 0.60 -3.41 -0.45 1.30 2.38 99.9 0.5
SE 0.41 0.14 4.24 1.39 4.23
O^AD
1.40
®^ADE
0.07 0.20
6 E 3.33 0.60 0.53 0.15 2.55 0.34 1.30 2.38 99.9 0.5
SE 0.42 0.14 0.12 0.09 3.18 1.06 0.07 0.20
' Components of variance are additive genetic (o^a)? dominance (o^d)/ digenic epistasis of and o^t, (o^aa/°^DD'®^ad) » interaction of these components by environment (o^ae» ®'de» °^dde» '^ade) » experimental error of the Design III and experimental error of S, progeny (o?e2)*
*,** Chi-square lack of fit, significant at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively.
Table 32. Silk delay (days between anthesis and silk emergence), weighted least squares estimates (E) of variance components and their respective standard errors (SE) for six models, based on the combined analysis across three environments.
Variance Components* and Standard Errors
Model <^D < de O aa ° aae <^e2
1 E
SE
0.46
0.06
0.12
0.06
0.99
0.04
1.30
0.09
97.2 24.0**
2 E 0.43 -0.13 0.06 0.44 1.02 1.22 97.8 19.4**
SE 0.14 0.14 0.22 0.22 0.04 0.10
3 E 0.46 0.13 0.07 0.16 0.93 1.28 98.8 10.7*
SE 0.06 0.06 0.04 0.07 0.05 0.09
4 E 0.44 0.06 0.07 0.13 0.03 0.32 0.95 1.23 99.0 8.4*
SE 0.14 0.14 0.04 0.07 0.22
O dd
0.22
0 dde
0.05 0.10
5 E 0.46 0.04 0.05 1.80 0.02 -1.67 0.95 1.19 99.4 4.8
SE 0.08 0.07 0.77 0.70 0.77
O ad
0.71
® ade
0.05 0.10
6 E 0.46 0.04 0.07 0.13 -0.02 1.27 0.95 1.19 99.4 4.8
SE 0.08 0.07 0.04 0.07 0.58 0.54 0.05 0.10
' Components of variance are additive genetic (o a)' dominance (0 0), digenic epistasis of and (o^aaj / interaction of these components by environment (o ae» <^DE' " dde/ < ade) » experimental error of the Design III (o^ei)' experimental error of S, progeny •
*,** Chi-square lack of fit, significant at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively.
103
3. The increase in standard errors, as the number of
epistatic components increased, is likely unavoidable because
of the high correlation between coefficients of the first-
order variance components (a\ and a^u) and coefficients of
second-order components a\j,, (Chi et al., 1969).
For several traits decreased estimates of while
was not effected in model 4 compared with model 3. For
example, the estimate of for yield was decreased by 75% and
for ear length decreased by 32%. Decreases in resulted in
nonsignificant estimates for yield, ears plant"', barren
plants, and dropped ears in model 4. Dominance variance did
not differ from zero for ears plant"', barren plants, root
lodging, dropped ears, and silk delay. Additive genetic
variance was significantly greater than for cob diameter,
kernel-row number, root and stalk lodging, plant and ear
heights, days to anthesis and silk emergence, and silk delay
in model 4. Dominance variance was significantly greater than
for yield. When significant estimates of a^u, and
were observed in model 4, they did not differ from
corresponding estimates observed in model 3.
Inclusion of in model 5 generally gave
unrealistically large estimates of and large negative
estimates of which may indicate the model was inadequate.
Estimates of a\j) generally had no effect on estimates of a\
and a\ in model 6. Therefore, had a greater effect on
104
estimates of than did either a^oo model
5 is considered inadequate, estimates of a\ were generally not
biased by epistasis in the remaining models. Hallauer and
Miranda (1988) observed that the greatest bias on
estimates of and a\.
Estimates of digenic epistatic components from models 2,
4, 5, and 6 were often negative, smaller than their standard
errors, or unrealistically large compared with estimates of
and These results agree with those of Silva and Hallauer
(1975) and Wright et al. (1971) who also observed unrealistic
and negative estimates of digenic epistatic components. For a
few traits in the present study, however, positive epistatic
components, greater than twice their standard error, were
observed. This was true for the following traits and
variances; and for yield in models 2 and 6,
respectively (Table 17), o ade diameter in model 6
(Table 19) , ct aa length in model 2 (Table 21) , a^^oE
for kernel-row number in model 6 (Table 22) , ct aa/ o' aae/ o'\d»
and ct\oe ears plant"' (Table 23) and barren plants (Table
24) in models 2, 4, and 6, and a^AOE silk delay in model 6
(Table 32). These traits either had significant epistatic
effects, significant epistasis by environment interactions or,
both, detected in the TTC analysis (Tables 8, 9, and 10).
105
Heritabilitles
Heritability estimates and 90% confidence intervals of
TTC, Design III, and S, progeny are presented in Tables 33, 34,
and 35, respectively. Estimates were considered greater than
zero if the confidence interval did not overlap zero. Within
and among analyses estimates between traits were considered
different if their confidence intervals did not overlap.
Estimates in all analyses were significantly greater than zero
for all traits, except for root lodging of S, progeny which was
negative. In all three analyses kernel-row number and plant
and ear heights had the largest estimates (>0.91), which were
significantly greater than estimates for other traits.
Magnitude of triple testcross and Design III heritabilities,
based on half-sib progenies were similar and reflect the
relative importance of S, estimates were larger for
several traits, particularly for yield. Because the expected
genetic variance of S, progeny includes all the one-
fourth of the of the source population, heritabilities are
expected to be larger compared with those based on half-sib
progeny, which contain one-fourth of the
Correlations
Phenotypic
For TTC and S, progeny, grain yield was positively
correlated with ear traits, ears plant"', and plant and ear
106
Table 33. Estiiaates of heritability (h^) with confidence intervals based on half-sib progeny from the triple testcross analysis of variance across five environments*.
Confidence Interval''
Trait h^ Lower Limit Upper limit
Yield (g plant"') 0.43 0.25 0.57
Ear Diameter (cm) 0.77 0.70 0.82
Cob Diameter (cm) 0.85 0.80 0.89
Kernel Depth (cm) 0.60 0.48 0.70
Ear Length (cm) 0.68 0.58 0.76
Kernel Rows (no.) 0.96 0.95 0.97
Ears Plant(no.) 0.40 0.22 0.55
Barren Plants (%) 0.29 0.08 0.47
Root Lodging (%) 0.36 0.17 0.52
Stalk Lodging (%) 0.57 0.44 0.68
Dropped Ears (%) 0.37 0.18 0.53
Plant Height (cm) 0.96 0.95 0.97
Ear Height (cm) 0.95 0.93 0.96
Anthesis (days)' 0.87 0.83 0.90
Silk Emergence (days)' 0.88 0.84 0.91
Silk Delay (days)*" 0.57 0.42 0.68
* Plant and ear heights measured in four environments and anthesis, silk emergence and silk delay measured in three environments.
Exact 90% confidence intervals as defined by Knapp et al. (1987).
" Days from planting to 50% anthesis or silk emergence.
^ Difference between anthesis and silk emergence.
107
Table 34. Estimates of heritability (h^) with confidence intervals based on half-sib progeny from the Design III analysis of variance across five environments*.
Confidence Interval*"
Trait h2 Lower Limit Upper limit
yield (g plant"') 0.44 0.27 0.58
Ear Diameter (cm) 0.75 0.67 o
• 00
Cob Diameter (cm) 0.85 0.80 0.89
Kernel Depth (cm) 0.59 0.46 0.69
Ear Length (cm) 0.65 0.54 0.73
Kernel Rows (no.) 0.94 0.93 0.96
Ears Plant"' (no.) 0.40 0.22 0.55
Barren Plants (%) 0.30 0.10 0.48
Root Lodging (%) 0.24 0.01 0.43
Stalk Lodging (%) 0.56 0.43 0.67
Dropped Ears (%) 0.30 0.08 0.47
Plant Height (cm) 0.94 0.93 0.96
Ear Height (cm) 0.93 0.91 0.95
Anthesis (days)® 0.83 0.77 0.87
Silk Emergence (days)*^ 0.83 0.77 0.88
Silk Delay (days)** 0.50 0.32 0.63
* Plant and ear heights measured in four environments and anthesis, silk emergence and silk delay measured in three environments.
Exact 90% confidence intervals as defined by Knapp et al. (1987).
® Days from planting to 50% anthesis or silk emergence.
Difference between anthesis and silk emergence.
108
Table 35. Estimates of heritability (h^) with confidence intervals based on S, progeny analysis of variance across five environments'.
Confidence Interval''
Trait h2 Lower Limit Upper limit
Yield (g plant"') 0.81 0.75 0.85
Ear Diameter (cm) 0.84 0.80 0.88
Cob Diameter (cm) 0.83 0.78 0.87
Kernel Depth (cm) 0.74 0.66 0.80
Ear Length (cm) 0.89 0.85 0.91
Kernel Rows (no.) 0.95 0.93 0.96
Ears Plant'^ (no.) 0.66 0.56 0.74
Barren Plants (%) 0.59 0.48 0.69
Root Lodging (%) -0.12 -0.44 0.15
Stalk Lodging (%) 0.58 0.46 0.68
Dropped Ears (%) 0.39 0.22 0.54
Plant Height (cm) 0.96 0.95 0.97
Ear Height (cm) 0.96 0.95 0.97
Anthesis (days)® 0.87 0.83 0.90
Silk Emergence (days)® 0.86 0.81 0.89
Silk Delay (days)^ 0.58 0.44 0.69
* Plant and ear heights measured in four environments and anthesis, silk emergence and anthesis/silk delay measured in three environments.
Exact 90% confidence intervals as defined by Knapp et al. (1987).
® Days from planting to 50% anthesis or silk emergence.
^ Difference between anthesis and silk emergence.
109
heights (Tables 36 and 37). Grain yield was negatively
correlated with barren plants, silk emergence, and silk delay.
In general, ear traits had significantly positive correlations
with each other. In the TTC, days to silk emergence was
negatively correlated with several ear traits (Table 36),
while for S, progeny silk delay was negatively correlated with
several ear traits (Table 37). Therefore, late or delayed
silk emergence had a negative effect on ear development. In
both experiments plant and ear heights had significantly
positive and negative correlations with several traits. Days
to anthesis had positive and negative correlations with days
to silk emergence and silk delay, respectively. Correlations
for the Design III were similar to those of the TTC and are
presented in Table B4, of the appendix.
Genetic
Grain yield had negative associations with silk delay in
the TTC (Table 36) and barren plants, dropped ears, days to
anthesis and silk emergence, and silk delay in the S, progeny
(Table 37). Ear length had negative associations with ear and
cob diameters in both experiments and kernel depth in the TTC.
As would be expected, barren plants had a negative association
with ears plant"' in both experiments. Barren plants also had
negative associations with ear and kernel traits, stalk
lodging, and plant and ear heights (Tables 36 and 37). Root
Table 36. Phenotypic (above diagonal) and genetic correlations (below diagonal) among 300 entries of the triple testcross evaluated at five environments*.
Trait Yield (g/
plant"')
Ear Dicuneter (cm)
Cob Diameter (cm)
Kernel Depth (cm)
Ear Length (cm)
Yield 0.60** 0.28** 0.48** 0.72**
Ear Diameter 0.28 0.50** 0.77** 0.37**
Cob Diameter 0.07 0.80 -0.17** 0.18**
Kernel Depth 0.38 0.59 -0.02 0.29**
Bar Length 0.52 -0.47 -0.34 -0.33
Kernel Row No. 0.13 0.77 0.68 0.36 -0.51
Ears Plant'^ 0.36 -0.03 -0.01 -0.04 0.53
Barren Plants -0.03 0.13 -0.12 0.38 -0.36
Root Lodging 0.69 0.41 0.33 0.25 0.23
Stalk Lodging 0.55 0.40 0.30 0.25 0.36
Dropped Ears 0.17 0.23 -0.10 0.49 -0.36
Plant Height 0.48 0.40 0.27 0.31 0.34
Ear Height 0.68 0.47 0.29 0.41 0.44
Anthesis 0.40 0.31 0.25 0.19 0.68
Silk Emergence 0.14 0.29 0.23 0.18 0.54
Silk Delay -0.86 -0.09 -0.08 -0.05 -0.47
* Plant and ear heights measured in four environmnets and anthesis, silk emergence, and silk delay measured in three environments.
Days from planting to 50% anthesis and silk emergence.
" Difference between anthesis and silk emergence.
Estimate of genetic variance zero or negative.
*,** Significant and 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels respectively.
Ill
Kernel Rows
(no.)
Ears Plant"' (no.)
Barren Plants (%)
Root Lodging (%)
Stalk Lodging (*)
Dropped Ears (%)
0.27** 0.32** -0.33** -0.06 -0.01 -0.03
0.43** 0.08 -0.10 -0.04 0.00 -0.04
0.33** 0.02 -0.06 0.01 0.02 -0.04
0.24** 0.07 -0.07 -0.05 -0.01 -0.01
0.04 0.08 -0.12** -0.06 -0.01 0.00
-0.02 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00
-0.30 -0.87** 0.00 0.01 -0.06
0.27 -0.98 0.00 -0.02 0.06
0.16 -0.18 0.23 -0.02 -0.01
0.10 0.65 -0.94 0.10 -0.03
0.31 -0.45 0.60 0.14 -0.26
0.01 0.34 -0.18 0.53 0.51 -0.19
0.00 0.53 -0.47 0.46 0.70 -0.28
-0.14 0.54 d -0.09 0.34 -0.88
-0.10 0.41 — -0.14 0.22 -0.94
0.13 -0.45 — -0.15 -0.40 -0.13
112
Table 36. (continued)
Trait Plant Height (cm)
Ear Height (cm)
Anthesis (days)*"
Silk Emergence (days)**
Silk Delay (days)"
Yield 0.20** 0.16** -0.12** -0.26** -0.20**
Ear Diameter 0.17** 0.14** -0.08 -0.16** -0.11*
Cob Diameter 0.13** 0.10 -0.02 -0.05 -0.03
Kernel Depth 0.10 0.09 -0.08 -0.15** -0.11*
Bar Length 0.16** 0.11* 0.00 -0.12** -0.17**
Kernel Rows 0.03 0.01 -0.15** -0.15** 0.00
Ears Plant'^ 0.08 0.12** 0.06 -0.03 -0.14**
Barren Plants -0.04 -0.08 -0.01 0.08 0.14**
Root Lodging 0.07 0.08 0.06 0.04 -0.03
Stalk Lodging 0.12** 0.17** 0.05 0.02 -0.05
Dropped Ears 0.00 1 o
• o
N)
-0.02 -0.03 0.00
Plant Height 0.84** 0.36** 0.30** -0.10
Ear Height 0.93 0.46** 0.36** -0.18**
Anthesis 0.74 0.83 0.79** -0.37**
Silk Emergence 0.68 0.70 0.95 0.28**
Silk Delay -0.24 -0.45 -0.22 0.09
Table 37. Phenotypic (above diagonal) and genetic correlations (below diagonal) among 100 S, progeny evaluated at five environments*.
Trait Yield (9/ .
plant"')
Ear Diameter (cm)
Cob Diameter (cm)
Kernel Depth (cm)
Bar Length (cm)
Yield 0.55** 0.28** 0.52** 0.65**
Ear Diameter 0.53 0.75** 0.70** 0.02
Cob Diameter 0.28 0.79 0.05 -0.05
Kernel Depth 0.S4 0.71 0.13 0.09
Ear Length 0.66 -0.05 -0.12 0.06
Kernel Row No. 0.15 0.73 0.68 0.41 -0.33
Ears Plant"' 0.73 0.14 0.04 0.18 0.67
Barren Plants -0.61 -0.12 -0.08 -0.10 -0.58
Root Lodging d — — — —
Stalk Lodging 0.51 0.37 0.17 0.40 0.41
Dropped Ears -0.15 -0.23 -0.21 -0.12 -0.16
Plant Height 0.37 0.24 0.16 0.19 0.41
Ear Height 0.43 0.27 0.17 0.21 0.38
Anthesis -0.08 0.08 0.21 -0.11 0.25
Silk Emergence -0.30 -0.05 0.12 -0.21 0.13
Silk Delay -0.61 -0.42 -0.33 -0.24 -0.41
* Plant and ear heights measured in four environments and anthesis, silk emergence, and silk delay measured in three environments.
** Days from planting to 50% anthesis and silk emergence.
' Difference between anthesis and silk emergence.
^ Estimate of genetic variance zero or negative.
*,** Significant at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels respectively.
114
Kernel Rows
(no.)
Ears Plant"' (no.)
Barren Plants {%)
Root Lodging (%)
Stalk Lodging (%)
Dropped Ears {%)
0.17 0.67** -0.56** -0.23* 0.36** -0.08
0.69«* 0.16 -0.14 -0.30** 0.27** -0.11
0.62** 0.06 -0.10 -0.23* 0.14 -0.14
0.36** 0.18 -0.11 -0.20* 0.26** -0.02
-0.29** 0.55** -0.46** -0.03 0.30** -0.09
-0.15 0.12 -0.14 0.02 0.03
-0.20 -0.90** -0.25** 0.41** -0.22*
0.17 -0.89 0.26** -0.35** 0.22*
— — — -0.03 0.11
0.04 0.66 -0.59 — -0.06
0.04 -0.41 0.45 — -0.15
-0.05 0.49 -0.47 — 0.61 -0.24
0.00 0.68 -0.65 — 0.71 -0.25
-0.12 — — — 0.41 -0.26
-0.14 — — — 0.24 -0.17
-0.01 — — — -0.63 0.34
115
Table 37. (continued)
Trait Plant Height (cm)
Ear Height (cm)
Anthesis (days)''
Silk Emergence (days)*'
Silk Delay (days)=
Yield 0.32** 0.37** -0.13 -0.29** -0.37**
Bar Diameter 0.22* 0.24* 0.04 -0.06 -0.24*
Cob Diameter 0.15 0.16 0.16 0.09 -0.20*
Kernel Depth 0.16 0.17 -0.11 -0.17 -0.13
Ear Length 0.38** 0.35** 0.17 0.07 -0.28**
Kernel Rows -0.04 0.00 -0.12 -0.14 -0.01
Ears Plant"' 0.37** 0.50** 0.28** 0.10 -0.49**
Barren Plants -0.33** -0.45** -0.22* -0.03 0.51**
Root Lodging — — — — —
Stalk Lodging 0.44** 0.53** 0.24* 0.15 -0.27**
Dropped Ears -0.13 -0.14 -0.16 -0.09 0.20*
Plant Height 0.93** 0.68** 0.61** -0.33**
Ear Height 0.93 0.71** 0.59** -0.46**
Anthesis 0.74 0.77 0.93** -0.41**
Silk Emergence 0.66 0.64 0.95 -0.03
Silk Delay -0.45 -0.61 -0.44 -0.15
116
and stalk lodging and plant and ear height had positive
associations with nearly all traits. Days to anthesis and
silk emergence had positive associations with most traits,
while silk delay was negatively associated with nearly all
traits.
117
DISCaSSION
Epistasis
Use of the TTC mating design in the F2 population of B73 x
Mol7 indicates that epistatic effects were important for
several traits. The F-test for epistasis from the TTC
analysis (Tables 8, 9, and 10) indicated that additive by
additive effects were present for ear length, kernel-row
number, ear height, days to anthesis and silk emergence, and
silk delay. Epistasis by male indicated that additive by
dominance and dominance by dominance effects were important
for grain yield, cob diameter, ear length, kernel-row number,
plant and ear heights, days to silk emergence, and silk delay.
Gamble (1962a and 1962b) reported in maize that additive by
additive and additive by dominance effects were important for
grain yield, while additive by dominance effects were detected
more frequently for plant height and ear length. Darrah and
Hallauer (1972) reported that additive by additive and
dominance by dominance effects were detected more frequently
for yield and plant and ear heights, while additive by
additive effects were more frequent for ear length.
Epistatic effects were more important for components of
yield, such as ear length, cob diameter, and kernel-row
number, than for yield per se. Darrah and Hallauer (1972) and
118
Martin and Hallauer (1976) reported that epistasis was
detected more frequently for components of yield (ear length,
ear diameter, kernel-row number) than for yield. Expression
and development of yield components occurs during short spans
of environmental conditions in early ontogeny and at
flowering. Yield is a composite of growth processes
throughout the growing season and likely to be more effected
by environment, possibly decreasing the detection of epistasis
across environments. This was likely true in the present
study because epistasis by environment was generally more
important for yield than for ear length, cob diameter, and
kernel-row number.
The expression of epistasis and epistasis by male was
significantly affected by environments. Across all traits
epistasis was affected more by environments than was epistasis
by male. For yield, ears plant"', barren plant, and dropped
ears, the epistasis by environment interaction was more
important than epistasis. Bauman (1959), Gorsline (1961),
Eberhart et al. (1964), and Martin and Hallauer (1976)
reported important epistasis by environment interactions in
maize. Gorsline (1961) suggested that the widespread and
unpredictable epistasis by environments interactions
reinforces the need for wide and repeated testing of maize
hybrids. Jinks et al. (1973) observed significant epistasis
by environment interactions in tobacco.
119
Epistatic deviation means, presented in Table 12,
indicate how epistasis was effected in different environments.
An obvious trend in Table 12 is that deviations in the two
stress environments of 1993 are generally larger than the
other environments. The two 1993 environments also had more
significant epistatic effects detected in the TTC analysis
(Table 11). Comparing the high yield environment of Ames
(1992) to the other two 1992 environments, the Ames
environment had more significant deviations and the deviations
generally were greater in magnitude than deviations from the
other environments. Epistasis seems to be more important in
the extreme environments, either high yield or low-yield
stress environments. Jinks et al. (1973) reported that the
frequency and magnitude of epistasis in tobacco was greater in
both extremes, of a range of environments.
Based on the theory presented by Kearsey and Jinks
(1968), the two parental inbreds (B73 and Mol7) have equal
opportunity to contribute to the expression of additive by
additive effects, when averaged across all possible F2
genotypes. Contributions of parental inbreds will be greater
than the Fj. Therefore, the testcross means in Table 7, will
indicate which parental testcrosses contributed to the
magnitude and sign (+/-) of the deviations. In general, the
performance level of 373 testcrosses for yield, kernel-row
number, barren plants, plant and ear heights, days to
120
anthesis, and silk delay resulted in desirable epistatic
deviations. The deviation for yield of 7.0 g plant' at 57,520
plants ha' is equivalent into about 0.40 Mg ha"'. Since Mol7
testcrosses often performed less than or similar to F,
testcrosses for these traits, they generally did not
contribute positively to the magnitude of the deviations.
Superior performance of Mol7 testcrosses for ear length
resulted in a favorable deviations. But, in general, B73
testcrosses seem to contribute significantly to the expression
of positive additive by additive effects for the majority of
traits. This agrees with Lamkey et al. (1995) who observed
that net positive epistatic effects were present in B73.
Expression of additive by dominance and/or dominance by
dominance effects can be observed in the individual epistatic
deviations of each Fj male. These effects differ in magnitude
and direction from male to male and it is difficult to
ascertain the relative effects of the F,, B73 and Mol7 testers.
For yield ranked correlations between deviations and testcross
means, however, may provide insight into the influence of each
tester (Table 38). F, testcross means had a highly significant
negative correlation (r=-0.61**) with deviation means,
indicating that for a given male a high F, testcross mean
resulted in either a negative or small positive deviation.
B73 (r=0.25*) and Mol7 (r=0.22*) testcross means had a postive
association with the deviation mean. Family means (combined
121
mean of F,, B73, and Mol7 testcrosses) had no association with
deviation means (r=0.08), indicating that individual Fj
genotypes may have large epistatic deviations from either
large or small family testcross means and vice versa. This
agrees with the observations of Eta-Ndu (1994). B73 and Mol7
testcross means had a negative association (r=-0.45**),
indicating for individual Fj genotypes, B73 and Mol7
testcrosses often had contrasting performance, which agrees
with the significant estimate of dominance variance for yield.
Ranks of deviation and testcrosses suggest that large
deviations, positive or negative, generally resulted from one
testcross having either a substantially greater or a lesser
yield than the other two testcrosses (Table D3).
Table 38. Rank correlations between means of F2 males across five environments for grain yield (g plant"*) . Means included are epistatic deviations, F,, B73, and Mol7 testcross means and family means (combined means across F,, B73 and Mol7 testcrosses for each male) .
Testcross Mean F, B73 Mol7 Family
Deviation -0.61** 0.25* 0.22* 0.08
F, testcross 0.17 0.21* 0.69**
B73 testcross -0.45** 0.46**
Mol7 testcross 0.47**
*,** Significant at 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively.
122
Variance Components
Pooni and Jinks (1979) indicated that estimates of
that use F, testcrosses will have a greater error, because of
greater variation due to genetic segregation in Fj testcrosses
opposed to parental testcrosses. An estimate of a\ based on
only parental testcrosses (Design III) should be more
reliable.
In the present study estimates of and rio't
differ between TTC and Design III analyses. The standard
error/estimate ratio for was similar for the TTC and Design
III. In addition, covariance analyses had a ratio similar to
TTC and Design III for all traits, with the exception of
yield. The standard error/estimate ratio for yield from
covariance was 0.66, while TTC and Design III had ratios of
0.36 and 0.34, respectively. The greater error associated
with estimation of from covariance analysis is not
unexpected, considering progenies from two different
experiments were used and the standard error of a covariance
was derived from mean squares of half-sib and S, progeny and
the mean product.
The estimates of the average level of dominance were
likely biased by linkage disequilibrium which will be at a
maximum in an F2 population. If coupling phase linkages
predominate, and will be biased upward. Repulsion phase
linkages will cause a downward bias of ®nd upward bias of
123
a\. Both types of linkage may cause an upward bias in the
average level of dominance. Han and Hallauer (1989) reported
that the average level of dominance for grain yield decreased
from 1.28 to 0.95 after five generations of random mating.
Linkage did not bias estimates of but a\ decreased by 40
percent with random mating. However, the two estimates of
average level of dominance did not differ from complete
dominance, indicating linkage may have only a small bias on
the average level of dominance. The average level of dominance
for yield from the present study was 2.44. This is a distinct
contrast to the estimate of 1.28. If a\ from the present
study is reduced by 40 percent, the level of dominance is
1.89, which is still greater than the majority of estimates
reported in previous studies (Gardner et al., 1953, Gardner
and Lonnquist, 1959 and Moll et al., 1961). The estimate of
level of dominance (2.44) supports the presence of
overdominant gene effects in the expression of yield.
A large difference in the estimate of the average level
of dominance was observed by Gardner and Lonnquist (1959) for
two samples of the single cross M14 x 187-2. Sample 1 had an
estimate of average level of dominance of 0.59 and sample 2
had an estimate of average level of dominance of 1.59; both
estimates deviated from complete dominance. Sample 1 had a
larger estimate of and they suggested the environments in
which sample 2 was grown may have suppressed the estimate of
124
increasing the level of dominance. Sample 1 estimate of
a\ was 67% of sample 2, and estimate of in sample 2 was
18% of that observed in sample 1.
The estimate of for yield in the present study was
greater than observed by Han and Hallauer (1989). The
ratio was 1.25 in the present study and 0.16 in the study of
Han and Hallauer (1989), whereas the ratio was o.io and
0.16, respectively. The estimate of a\ for yield was less
affected by environment than in the present study. The
range of environments in which this study were conducted may
have decreased the estimate of suggested by Gardner and
Lonnquist (1959). Estimates of ^nd were 17% and 61%,
respectively, of estimates reported by Han and Hallauer (1989)
indicating both have decreased in the present study. Other
traits between the two studies were less affected by
environments and average levels of dominance estimates were
consistent between studies.
Weighted Least Squares
Weighted least squares analysis was conducted to
determine the relative importance of epistatic variance
compared with and Triple testcross analysis indicated
epistatic effects were important for several traits. However,
estimates of digenic epistatic components were generally not
greater than their standard errors, negative or unrealistic.
125
Models which did not include digenic epistatic components
often provided an adequate fit and more precise estimates.
Therefore and were less important than and
for the majority of traits.
For a few traits the estimates of weighted least squares
suggest the importance of epistatic variance and support the
detection of epistatic effects in TTC analysis. Several
traits had digenic components greater than twice their
standard errors and for these traits the TTC analysis also
detected significant epistatic effects or interaction of
epistatic effects by environment. For traits in which the TTC
detected additive by additive effects or additive by additive
by environment effects, inclusion of 'the weighted least
squares model generally decreased estimates of The
decrease in generally did not result in nonsignificant
estimates or estimates different from the nonepistatic model
3. Therefore, although is biased upward if we assume
epistasis is absent, the magnitude of bias is small.
Generally, was not biased by epistasis in models 4 and 6.
Bias observed in model 5 is likely a result of an inadequate
model. Dominance variance was less important than most
traits and may be less likely to be biased by epistasis.
All models had a significant lack of fit for ear length
(Table 21). Models 2 and 4 increased the R-square values with
inclusion of compared with models i and 3. Estimate of a\
126
decreased by approximately 40 percent with inclusion of in
models 2 and 4. Estimates of fi^om models 2 and 4 were
greater than their standard errors and similar to estimates of
magnitude. These observations support the detection of
additive by additive effects in the TTC analysis. However,
standard errors did increase in models 2 and 4 and the
estimate of c^aae was negative, which may be unreasonable since
epistasis by environment was significant in TTC.
Ears plant"' and barren plants had significant epistasis
by environment interactions and epistatic deviations varied
among environments. Models 1 and 3 had a significant lack of
fit, while models 2, 4, and 6 improved the fit and increased
the R-square (Tables 23 and 24). Models 2 and 4 had small
negative estimates of and which were less than their
standard errors, while estimates of and o^aae were greater
than twice their standard errors for both traits. Model 6
gave positive estimates for which were
significantly smaller than estimates of and o^ade*
Therefore, were likely less important than
(t^aae f^^ADE these traits. The larger estimates
of a^AA/ ®^AAE» '^^AD °^ADE because of the epistasis by
environment interaction and the greater amount of among S,
progenies compared with half-sib progenies. Expectations for
Sj progenies have a coefficient of one for o^aa/ while half-sibs
have coefficient of 1/16 for ct^aa- Additive by dominance
127
epistasis is only present in the S, progeny mean square, so
of S, progeny would likely have a larger effect on this
estimate.
Model 4 improved the fit and increased the R-square
compared to model 3 for days to anthesis (Table 30) and silk
emergence (Table 31) . Positive estimates of
were obtained which had a magnitude similar to ct\ and
Although, estimates for days to silk emergence were not
greater than their standard errors, these results support the
importance of additive by additive epistatic effects as
observed in the TTC for these traits.
All traits had negative variance component estimates for
various models, with model 5 generally having at least two
negative estimates. By definition a variance is always
positive, but as indicated by Searle (1971) there is nothing
intrinsic about the analysis of variance to prevent negative
estimates from occurring. Negative estimates could arise from
an inadequate model, inadequate sampling, or inadequate
experimental techniques. Searle (1971) discussed possible
solutions to negative estimates. The best solution would be
to interpret them as zero and reestimate other components from
a reduced model.
Negative estimates in the present study were generally
small and not greater than their standard error. Also,
negative estimates often occurred for variance components
128
which were either nonsignificant or negative when estimated in
the Design III or S, progeny experiments. Generally, when a
model gave negative estimates another model for that trait had
positive estimates with greater precision, so negative
estimates were not a serious problem.
Model 5 had negative estimates that were often greater
than twice their standard errors. This is likely an
indication that model 5 was an inadequate model. Inadequacy
of model 5 may result because and have coefficients of
one in the expectation of the male by tester mean square. The
estimates of and seem to cancel each other, one being a
large positive value and the other a large negative value.
The only other mean square that contains is S,
progeny. Male by tester mean square generally had a smaller
variance than the S, mean square and will be weighted more in
the analysis. This may result in the canceling of a^j, and
estimates because they have the same coefficient.
To estimate genetic variance components it was assumed
that there was (1) diploid inheritance, (2) linkage
equilibrium, (3) no maternal effects, and (4) environmental
effects were additive to genotypic effects. Hallauer and
Miranda (1988) indicate that 1, 3, and 4 are valid assumptions
in maize. In an Fj population linkage disequilibrium will be
present. Cockerham (1956) and Schnell (1963) showed that the
effect of complete linkage is to increase the coefficients of
129
epistatic variance components in the covariances of relatives.
Larger coefficients will increase the correlation between
coefficients of first- and second-order variance components.
This would further decrease the ability to partition the
epistasis from (Chi et al., 1969). Standard errors
will be increased and significant estimates of digenic
components will be difficult to detect. Contribution of
linkage to covariances is difficult to determine, but we must
realize a bias is present. Sets of relatives whose
covariances are affected by linkage are those in which one is
not a common ancestor of the other such as half-sibs in the
present study (Cockerham, 1956). Han and Hallauer (1989)
determined that linkage did not affect and, therefore,
linkage bias of covariance of half-sibs may be relatively
unimportant in the present study.
Implications to Maize Breeding
Results of this study provide further evidence for the
presence of epistasis in elite inbreds or specific
combinations of elite inbreds, in agreement with the results
of Bauman (1959), Gorsline (1961), Sprague et al. (1962),
Schell and Singh (1978), Moreno-Gonzales and Dudley (1981),
and Lamkey et al., (1995). Presence of epistasis in elite
inbreds should not greatly effect commercial maize breeding
strategies. As discussed by Lamkey et al., (1995) commercial
130
maize breeding as commonly conducted is effective in selecting
favorable epistatic gene combinations. Simultaneous
inbreeding and hybrid evaluation, allow the fixation of
favorable epistatic effects in inbreds which have excellent
specific combining ability. Development of source populations
by crossing related inbreds and recycling elite inbreds to
form new source populations will help maintain and accumulate
favorable epistatic gene combinations, especially linked ones.
Recycling of inbreds to form new source populations could
result in the loss of epistatic gene combinations through
recombination, in particular if they are not tightly linked.
Loss of favorable epistatic combinations may explain why
breeders have difficulty developing improved recoveries of
some maize inbreds (Melchinger et al., 1988). A backcross to
the best parent may increase the ability to maintain favorable
epistatic gene combinations. However, Eta-Ndu (1994)
indicated no trend existed between epistasis and testcross
performance of Fj's and backcrosses to either parent and
suggests it is difficult to determine the best source
population when epistasis is present.
The presence of positive epistatic effects for yield in
B73 may explain why it has been a widely used and successful
inbred. It may also explain why some maize breeders have had
difficulty in obtaining improved versions of B73.
During inbreeding and hybrid evaluation, epistasis by
131
environment interaction may make it difficult to select inbred
lines, from a segregating population, which contain favorable
epistatic combinations if they are not expressed in the
environments of evaluation. Also, the tester used during
testcross evaluation will influence the expression of
epistatic effects. Gorsline (1961) and Eta-Ndu (1994)
observed variation in expression of epistasis with different
testers.
Commercial maize breeders use elite inbred testers for
early generation testing. As discussed by Sprague and Tatum
(1942), use of an inbred tester in early generation testing
will select for specific combining ability (dominance and
epistatic effects). Presently in commercial breeding, new
inbreds or hybrids are often identified by the first tester
used in early generation testing. Early identification of new
inbreds may result from favorable expression of epistatic
effects in the specific tester by line combination. Use of
the appropriate tester for a source population is important to
ensure maximum expression of specific combining ability in the
testcrosses. A tester may enhance or decrease the ability to
identify new inbred lines with excellent specific combining
ability when epistasis is present.
The large epistasis by environment interaction reiterates
the importance of widespread and repeated testing of
experimental hybrids. In this study epistasis seems to
132
provide yield stability to B73 testcrosses. Their greatest
yield advantage was in the stress environments, and they
maintained a competitive yield level in remaining
environments. The B73 testcrosses also had lower levels of
barrenness across environments, which likely helped maintain
their yield level. Epistasis could contribute to yield
instability as well. Expression of epistasis under certain
environmental conditions may provide higher yields, which are
lost under different environments.
Genotype by environment interactions also had a large
effect on variance component estimates in the present study
compared with previous studies. The presence of genotype by
environment interaction confirms the need to evaluate
progenies in several environments to determine the genetic
properties of a reference population.
133
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
The results of this study provide evidence for the
presence of epistasis in B73 x Mol7. Triple testcross
analysis suggested epistatic effects were important for
several traits in the Fj of B73 x Mol7. In the TTC analysis of
variance additive by additive effects were not significant for
grain yield, while additive by dominance and dominance by
dominance effects were significant. The additive by additive
by environment interaction was more important than additive by
additive effects per se for grain yield.
Epistatic deviations from the comparison of testcross
means indicate that B73 had favorable additive by additive
effects for grain yield, barren plants, kernel-row number, ear
heights, and silk delay. Inbred Mol7 had favorable additive
by additive effects for ear length.
Epistasis was detected more frequently and with greater
magnitude in the extreme environments in which the experiment
was conducted, indicating the importance of the epistasis by
environment interaction.
In both the Design III and weighted least squares
analysis a\ was more important than grain yield. For
the remaining traits was more important than a^j,- Average
level of dominance from Design III was in the overdominance
range for grain yield and partial to complete dominance for
134
the remaining traits. This supports the presence of
overdominant gene effects for grain yield. The average level
of dominance for grain yield may be biased upward due to
linkage. Additive variance for grain yield may have been
suppressed by a large interaction with environments. This
along with linkage effects may have increased the average
level of dominance.
Weighted least squares analysis indicated that inclusion
of the model decreased estimates of for several
traits. The magnitude of the decrease, however, was generally
not significant. Dominance variance was not effected by
inclusion of epistatic terms in the model. Generally, a^^A/
and were not greater than twice their standard errors
or negative. Therefore, epistatic variances are generally
less important than despite the detection of
significant epistatic effects in the TTC, and assuming
epistasis to be absent did not significantly bias estimates of
a\.
It is apparent that dominance variance was very important
in the expression of heterosis for grain yield in B73 x Mol7.
While epistasis was less important than dominance, the
presence of significant positive epistatic effects may have
contributed to the expression of heterosis and could explain
why B73 x Mol7 was an exceptional and widely grown hybrid.
135
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143
ACKMOWLEDGEMENTS
I am indebted to Dr. Arnel R. Hallauer for his teaching
and guidance during this research and my education at Iowa
State University. For serving on my graduate committee and
for the advice they have offered, I thank Drs. Arden Campbell,
Albert Freeman, Paul Hinz, and Kendall Lamkey.
I would like to thank Paul White for the help he provided
in the collection of data. Thanks to the many graduate
students who have provided help and advice.
The encouragement and support I have received from my
parents, Robert and Irene Wolf, and family has been very
helpful throughout my education. I would like to thank my
wife Ann for the love and support she has provided. Her
encouragement and understanding is greatly appreciated.
Finally, a special thanks to Anns' parents and family for the
support they have provided.
144
APPENDIX A. TRIPLE TESTCROSS ANALYSES BY ENVIRONMENT
Table Al. Triple testcross mean squares, means, and coefficient of variation (CV) for six traits measured at Ames in 1992.
Mean Squares
Source of df yield Ear Cob Kernel Ear Kernel Row Variation Diameter Diameter Depth Length Number
g plant"' cm cm cm cm no.
Set (S) 9 1639.16 0.125 0.243** 0.394** 3.30 1.01*
Rep/S 10 795.28** 0.076* 0.029* 0.070* 1.57* 0.28
Tester(T)/S 20 1413.79** 0.891** 0.458** 0.103** 11.04** 50.61**
B73 vb Mol7 10 2465.39** 1.750** 0.902** 0.173** 19.38** 100.32**
Epistasis 10 362.19 0.032 0.015 0.033 2.70** 0.89**
Male(M)/S 90 464.60** 0.078** 0.032** 0.044 2.11** 2.03**
T x M/S 180 433.78** 0.050** 0.015 0.044* 1.36** 0.49**
B73vsMol7 x M 90 608.17** 0.058** 0.015 0.054** 1.97** 0.68**
Epistasis x M 90 259.39 0.042 0.014 0.033 0.75 0.29
Error 290 276.20 0.033 0.015 0.034 0.83 0.31
Overall mean 150.01 4.53 2.59 1.93 16.62 14.39
CV (%) 11.08 3.99 4.68 9.59 5.47 3.86
*.** Significant at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels respectively.
Table A2. Triple testcross mean squares, means, and coefficient of variation (CV) for six traits measured at Ames in 1992.
Mean Squares
Source of df Ears Plant"' Barren Root Stalk Dropped Variation Plants Lodging Lodging Ears
no • % % % %
Set (S) 9 0. 001 2. 61 24. 91* 89. 89 2. 25
Rep/S 10 0. 001 1. 83 6. 12 31. 87 6. 92**
Tester(T)/S 20 0. 001 2. 17 14. 75** 28. 74 4. 94*
B73 vs Mol7 10 0. 002* 3. 25 3. 41 48. 79* 5. 01
Epistasis 10 0. 001 1. 08 26. 09** 8. 70 4. 87*
Male(M)/S 90 0. 001 2. 42 6. 03 46. 77** 3. 08
T x M/S 180 0. 001 2. 54 6. 63 23. 35 2. 62
B73vsMol7 x M 90 0. 001 3. 25* 2. 97 24. 37 2. 99
Epistasis x M 90 0. 001 1. 82 10. 29** 22. 34 2. 25
Error 290 0. 001 2. 52 5. 70 27. 54 2. 74
Overall mean 1 .00 0. 10 0. 63 4. 82 0. 48
CV 3 ,30 1361 382. 03 108. 77 342. 64
*,** significant at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels respectively.
Table A3. Triple testcross mean squares, means, and coefficients of variation (CV) for five traits measured at Ames in 1992.
Mean Squares
Source of df Plant Ear Anthesis Silk Silk Variation Height Height Emergence Delay
cm cm days days days
Set (S) 9 878.02** 528.02* 63.85* 56.16** 1.97
Rep/S 10 106.65** 141.74** 13.44** 11.01** 1.74
Tester(T)/S 20 1834.22** 807.74** 22.35** 5.94** 8.24**
B73 vs Mol7 10 3591.67** 1567.80** 39.08** 8.15** 14.31**
Epistasis 10 76.77 47.68 5.63** 3.73* 2.17
Male(M)/S 90 332.90** 231.52** 10.94** 9.28** 1,42*
T X M/S 180 55.29** 45.52** 2.16** 1.81** 1.21
B73vsMol7 x M 90 58.72** 49.89** 2.34** 2.13** 1.29
Epistasis x M 90 51.87** 41.14 1.99* 1.49* 1.14
Error 290 32.42 33.11 1.41 1.04 1.04
Overall mean 219.71 106.11 82.10 84.94 2.84
CV 2.59 5.42 1.44 1.20 35.94
*,** Significant at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels respectively.
Table A4. Triple testcross mean squares, means, and coefficients of variation (CV) for six traits measured at Elkhart in 1992.
Mean Squares
Source of df Yield Ear Cob Kernel Ear Kernel Row Variation Diameter Diameter Depth Length Number
g plant"' cm cm cm cm no.
Set (S) 9 2175.70 0.228* 0.088** 0.119 2.60 2.88**
Rep/S 10 1088.05** 0.075* 0.012 0.049 3.17** 0.48
Tester(T)/S 20 735.31* 1.056** 0.420** 0.179** 29.27** 48.94**
B73 vs Mol7 10 1188.04* 2.054** 0.826** 0.309** 56.28** 97.30**
Epistasis 10 282.57 0.059* 0.013 0.048 2.26* 0.59*
Male(M)/S 90 346.91 0.092** 0.038** 0.051** 1.73** 2.16**
T x M/S 180 392.71* 0.039 0.016 0.036 1.27** 0.38
B73vsMol7 x M 90 551.38** 0.051** 0.015 0.044** 1.53** 0.46*
Epistasis x M 90 234.05 0.027 0.016 0.027 1.01 0.30
Error 290 291.35 0.032 0.015 0.030 0.91 0.32
Overall mean 111.20 4.21 2.66 1.56 15.14 14.18
CV 15.35 4.24 4.64 11.20 6.29 4.02
*.** Significant at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels respectively.
Table AS. Triple testcross mean squares, means, and coefficients of variation (CV) for five traits measured at Elkhart in 1992.
Mean Squares
Source of Variation
df Ears Plant"' Barren Plants
Root Lodging
Stalk Lodging
Dropped Ears
no. % % % %
Set (S) 9 0.001 11.77* 1.04 7.46 2.55
Rep/S 10 0.001 3.87 0.97 6.00
CM •
CM
Tester(T)/S 20 0.001 8.71 0.74 4.80 4.09**
B73 vs Mol7 10 0.001 8.01 0.59 5.64 6.76**
Epistasis 10 0.002* 9.40 0.88 3.95 1.42
Male(M)/S 90 0.001 9.47** 1.22** 8.47 1.89
T X M/S 180 0.001 8.37** 1.33** 6.17 1.91
B73vsMol7 X M 90 0.001 11.45** 1.43** 5.98 2.45**
Epistasis X M 90 0.001 5.29 1.22** 6.36 1.38
Error 290 0.001 5.11 0.80 6.70 1.65
Overall mean 1.00 0.40 0.18 1.22 0.32
CV 2.77 611.23 509.32 212.00 397.16
*,** Significant at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels respectively.
Table A6. Triple testcross mean squares, means, and coefficients of variation (CV) for six traits measured at Atomic Energy in 1992.
Mean Squares
Source of df Yield Ear Cob Kernel Ear Kernel Raw Variation Diameter Diameter Depth Length Number
g plant' cm cm cm cm no.
Set (S) 9 1545.33 0.234 0.197** 0.078 52.94** 0.98
Rep/S 10 1680.02** 0.096** 0.008 0.074** 2.63 0.49
Tester(T)/S 20 1556.44** 1.332** 0.645** 0.140** 88.33** 50.31**
B73 vs Mol7 10 2731.26** 2.654** 1.287** 0.265** 172.01** 100.13**
Epistasis 10 381.62 0.010 0.003 0.014 4.66** 0.48
Male(M)/S 90 571.71** 0.062** 0.041** 0.035* 5.32** 1.61**
T x M/S 180 599.82** 0.055** 0.014 0.039** 2.08* 0.42*
B73vsMol7 x M 90 899.08** 0.076** 0.015 0.050** 2.81** 0.54**
Epistasis x M 90 313.86 0.036 0.013 0.029 1.39 0.30
Error 290 311.44 0.028 0.012 0.025 1.56 0.31
Overall mean 119.92 4.43 2.70 1.73 13.90 14.25
CV 14.56 3.75 4.08 8.99 8.89 3.86
*.** significant at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels respectively.
Table A7. Triple testcross mean squares, means, and coefficients of variation (CV) for five traits measured at Atomic Energy in 1992.
Mean Squares
Source of Variation
df Bars Plant'' Barren Plants
Root Lodging
Stalk Lodging
Dropped Ears
no. % % % %
Set (S) 9 0.007 1.94 50.16** 18.07 0.60
Rep/S 10 0.005 2.17 7.82 7.60 0.47
Tester(T)/S 20 0.004 1.17 34.63** 10.13 0.33
B73 vs Mol7 10 0.005 1.25 64.92** 6.96 0.41
Epistasis 10 0.002 1.08 4.34 13.31 0.24
Male(M)/S 90 0.004* 1.06 10.77 10.95 0.58
T x M/S 180 0.003 1.17 12.68 9.64 0.50
B73vsMol7 x M 90 0.003 1.25 14.01 9.92 0.50
Epistasis x M 90 0.003 1.08 11.41 9.37 0.48
Error 290 0.003 1.20 12.59 8.48 0.54
Overall mean 1.02 0.10 1.23 2.01 0.11
CV 5.06 1276 286.12 144.14 649.89
*,** Significant at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels respectively.
Table AS. Triple testcross mean squares, means, and coefficients of variation (CV) for five traits measured at Atomic Energy in 1992.
Mean Squares
Source of df Plant Ear Anthesis Silk Silk Variation Height Height Emergence Delay
cm cm days days days
Set (S) 9 775.12 607.75 17.50 29.62 2.76
Rep/S 10 270.94** 247.86** 12.34** 11.83** 2.29
Tester{T)/S 20 977.38** 385.98** 12.81** 3.36 5.05**
B73 vs Mol7 10 1923.85** 744.61** 18.74** 3.31 8.33**
Epistasis 10 30.90 27.34 6.88* 3.41 1.76
Male(M)/S 90 332.72** 269.26** 8.73** 8.02** 2.07**
T X M/S 180 72.02** 55.75** 3.64** 3.41** 1.76*
B73vsMol7 x M 90 93.27** 67.93** 3.88* 3.75** 1.83*
Epistasis x M 90 51.72** 44,10* 3.42 3.09 1.70
Error 290 33.95 32.62 2.65 2.38 1.31
Overall mean 223.40 112.68 79.84 82.40 2.55
CV 2.58 5.02 2.01 1.84 44.24
*,** Significant at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels respectively.
Table A9. Triple testcross mean squares, means, and coefficients of variation (CV) for six traits measured at flmes in 1993.
Mean Squares
Source of df Yield Ear Cob Kernel Ear Kernel Row Variation Diameter Diameter Depth Length Number
g plant' cm cm cm cm no.
Set (S) 9 697.89 0.116 0.149** 0.137* 2.00 3.61*
Rep/S 10 310.27 0.078* 0.017 0.038 1.09 0.78*
Tester(T)/S 20 1445.63** 0.940** 0.766** 0.031 9.38** 55.59**
B73 vs Mol7 10 1922.50** 1.835** 1.524** 0.026 15.19** 109.83**
Epistasis 10 968.76** 0.046 0.009 0.037 3.58** 1.35**
Male(M)/S 90 531.02** 0.074** 0.040** 0.050** 3.12** 2.11**
T X M/S 180 403.01** 0.049* 0.019* 0.031 1.88** 0.44
B73vsMol7 X M 90 587.08** 0.061** 0.022** 0.033 2.43** 0.49
Epistasis x M 90 218.95 0.037 0.016 0.030 1.32 0.38
Error 290 231.23 0.038 0.014 0.030 1.13 0.40
Overall mean 88.20 3.97 2.55 1.42 14.62 14.68
CV 17.18 4.87 4.66 12.19 7.26 4.33
*.** Significant at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels respectively.
Table AlO. Triple testcross mean squares, means, and coefficients of variation (CV) for five traits measured at Ames in 1993.
Mean Squares
Source of df Ears Plant'* Barren Root Stalk Dropped Variation Plants Lodging Lodging Ears
no • % % % %
Set (S) 9 0. 007 55. 93 1. 36 293. 52** 17. 02
Rep/S 10 0. Oil 118. 14 0. 69 10. 58 23. 82*
Tester(T)/S 20 0. 022** 217. 81** 0. 48 124. 50** 88.
00 CD
B73 vs Mol7 10 0. 026** 266. 28** 0. 42 224. 69** 138. 33**
Epistasis 10 0. 018* 169. 35* 0. 54 24. 31 39. 43**
Male(M)/S 90 0. 012** 107. 80* 0. 58 48. 43 14. 41
T X M/S 180 0. 009 85. 64 0. 43 41. 60 14. 91*
B73vsMol7 X M 90 0. 009 93. 19 0. 29 44. 66 17. 96**
Epistasis X M 90 0. 008 78. 10 0. 57 38. 54 11. 87
Error 290 0. 008 75. 01 0. 52 41. 29 11. 95
Overall mean 0 .96 4. 90 0. 09 7. 15 2. 36
CV (%) 9 .33 175. 08 806. 51 89. 88 146. 24
*,** Significant at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels respectively.
Table All. Triple testcross mean squares, means, and coefficients of variation (CV) for five traits measured at Ames in 1993.
Mean Squares
Source of df Plant Ear Anthesis Silk Silk Variation Height Height Emergence Delay
cm cm days days days
Set (S) 9 446.56 449.60** 12.49** 12.24** 2.93*
Rep/S 10 148.40** 72.43* 1.96 2.14* 0.78
Tester(T)/S 20 1216.87** 584.69** 6.43** 2.51 5.03**
B73 vs Mol7 10 2197.55** 1008.72** 6.61** 2.64 8.21**
Epistasis 10 236.19** 160.66** 6.26** 2.37 1.84
Male(M)/S 90 250.49** 209.27** 4.41** 5.29** 1.79**
T x M/S 180 74.74** 60.43** 1.61** 1.97** 1.05**
B73vsMol7 x M 90 87.32** 71.15** 1.97** 2.28** 1.03*
Epistasis x M 90 62.16** 49.71* 1.26 1.66** 1.07*
Error 290 36.41 34.23 1.12 1.00 0.76
Overall mean 206.24 103.55 89.69 91.73 2.04
CV (%) 2.91 5.62 1.17 1.09 42.76
*,** Significant at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels respectively.
Table A12. Triple testcross mean squares, means, and coefficients of variation (CV) for six traits measured at Ankeny in 1993.
Mean Squares
Source of df Yield Ear Cob Kernel Ear Kernel Row Variation Diameter Diameter Depth Length Number
g plant"' cm cm cm cm no.
Set (S) 9 1226.20 0.121 0.053 0.253** 4.73* 4.80**
Rep/S 10 408.11* 0.072* 0.055** 0.018 1.29 0.31
Tester(T)/S 20 1843.51** 0.991** 0.638** 0.072* 10.05** 47.15**
B73 vs Mol7 10 2742.45** 1.924** 1.225** 0.113** 18.05** 94.00**
Epistasis 10 944.56** 0.058 0.051* 0.031 2.05* 0.30
Male{M)/S 90 503.73** 0.071** 0.035** 0.060** 2.44** 2.09**
T X M/S 180 355.41** 0.049** 0.024* 0.037 1.44** 0.50
B73vsMol7 X M 90 453.81** 0.051** 0.022 0.041 1.91** 0.55
Epistasis X M 90 258.11 0.048** 0.025* 0.033 0.98 0.44
Error 290 202.69 0.031 0.018 0.036 0.76 0.43
Overall mean 95.09 4.03 2.51 1.53 14.74 14.39
CV (%) 14.92 4.35 5.28 12.35 5.90 4.56
*.** Significant at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels respectively.
Table A13. Triple testcross mean squares, means and coefficients of variation (CV) for five traits measured at Ankeny in 1993.
Mean Squares
Source of Variation
df Ears Plant"' Barren Plants
Root Lodging
Stalk Lodging
Dropped Ears
no. % % % %
Set (S) 9 0.034** 316.53* 41.64 52.29 5.60
Rep/S 10 0.005 74.06 19.62* 40.15 4.98
Tester(T)/S 20 0.014** 140.61** 17.10* 84.71** 3.81
B73 vs Mol7 10 0.011* 109.74* 28.86* 139.45** 6.56
Epistasis 10 0.016** 171.48** 5.33 29.96 1.06
Male(M)/S 90 0.012** 111.92** 14.05** 56.50** 4.87**
T X M/S 180 0.006 54.04 10.34 28.91 3.95*
B73vsMol7 X M 90 0.005 49.37 13.79* 30.44 3.98
Epistasis x M 90 0.006 58.70 6.92 27.40 3.91
Error 290 0.006 55.81 9.53 31.68 3.17
Overall mean 0.96 4.60 1.01 6.69 0.69
CV (%) 7.98 160.80 305.48 83.91 258.03
*,** Significant at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels respectively.
158
Table A14. Triple testcross mean squares, means, and coefficients of variation (CV) for plant and ear heights measured at Ankeny in 1993.
Mean Squares
Source of Variation
df Plant Height
Ear Height
cm cm
Set (S) 9 1472.28* 1073.51**
Rep/S 10 305,83** 149.04**
Tester(T)/S 20 435.73** 285.71**
B73 vs Mol7 10 824.35** 517.29**
Epistasis 10 47.11 54.12
Male(M)/S 90 289.74** 200.37**
T X M/S 180 72.95** 45.09**
B73vsMol7 X M 90 84.51** 46.74**
Epistasis x M 90 61.52** 43.45**
Error 290 33.92 27.92
Overall mean 226.89 117.59
CV (%) 2.56 4.48
*,** Significant at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels respectively.
159
APPENDIX B. DESIGN III ANALYSES ACROSS ENVIRONMENTS
Table Bl. Mean squares, means, and coefficients of variation (CV) from the Design III analysis combined across five environments in 1992 and 1993, for six traits.
Mean Squares
Source of Variation
df yield Ear Diameter
Cob Diameter
Kernel Depth
Ear Length
Kernel Rows
g plant' cm cm cm cm no.
Env (E) 4 227748.99** 22.650** 2.316** 15.889** 415.84** 18.32**
Set (S) 9 1450.05 0.139 0.153 0.094 8.54 5.39**
B x S 36 1139.07* 0.136** 0.097** 0.186** 9.40** 1.06**
Rep/ExS 50 584.89** 0.059** 0.019* 0.042 1.65** 0.46
Tester(T)/S 10 3595.97 9.935** 5.621** 0.632** 208.68** 500.01**
E x T/S 40 1863.42** 0.071** 0.036** 0.064** 18.06** 0.39
Male(M)/S 90 595.72** 0.144** 0.096** 0.076** 4.66** 5.96**
E x M/S 360 333.41** 0.036 0.014 0.032 1.65** 0.33
T x M/S 90 1855.95** 0.152** 0.036** 0.084** 5.31** 1.48**
E x T x M/S 360 299.64 0.035 0.013 0.034 1.30** 0.31
Error 950 267.70 0.032 0.014 0.031 1.05 0.35
CV 14.35 4.25 4.53 10.84 6.77 4.09
Overall mean 114.06 4.23 2.60 1.63 15.11 14.43
*.** significant at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels respectively.
Table B2. Mean squares, means, and coefficients of variation (CV) from the Design III analysis combined across five environments in 1992 and 1993, for five traits.
Mean Squares
Source of Variation
df Ears Plant"' Barren Plants
Root Lodging
Stalk Lodging
Dropped Ears
no. % % % %
Env (E) 4 0.240** 1864.14** 114.38** 3318.04** 501.52**
Set (S) 9 0.005 46.91 19.35 43.76 7.16
E x S 36 0.009** 71.07** 15.93** 86.73** 5.60
Rep/ExS 50 0.003 25.25 6.46 25.57 7.92**
Tester(T)/S 10 0.022** 108.38 35.66* 159.08* 62.31*
E x T/S 40 0.006 70.03** 15.64** 66.61** 23.69**
Male(M)/S 90 0.007** 47.88* 7.87* 58.88** 7.65*
E x M/S 360 0.004** 33.34** 5.99 26.06 5.39
T x M/S 90 0.004 29.79 6.67 31.35** 6.95*
E x T x M/S 360 0.004 32.18* 6.26 20.81 5.22
Error 950 0.003 26.78 6.10 23.30 4.72
CV {%) 5.95 287.45 414.20 107.96 233.58
Overall mean 0.99 1.80 0.60 4.47 0.93
*,** Significant at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels respectively.
Table B3. Mean squares, means, and coefficients of variation (CV) from the Design III analysis combined across four environments in 1992 and 1993, for four traits.
Mean Squares
Source of df Plant Ear Anthesis' Silk* Silk* Variation Height Height Emergence Delay
cm cm days days days
Env (E) 3(2) 29716.43** 15669.89** 10601.49** 9213.79** 72.40**
Set (S) 9 1248.06** 1079.81** 28.00 36.87 2.16
E x S 27(18) 328.65* 243.35* 20.87** 16.89** 1.78*
Rep/ExS 40(30) 148.33** 116.80** 6.88** 5.19** 0.89
Tester(T)/S 10 7917.01** 3545.85** 52.08** 5.62 28.22**
E x T/S 30(20) 206.80** 97.52** 6.17** 4.24** 1.32
Male(M)/S 90 763.37** 587.64** 12.81** 11.75** 2.40**
E x M/S 270(180) 43.34** 41.04** 2.23** 2.01** 1.21**
T x M/S 90 203.75** 123.90** 4.52** 4.77** 1.65*
E x T x M/S 270(180) 38.33** 36.09** 1.75 1.61* 1-21**
Error 760(570) 29.28 27.38 1.63 1.29 0.91
Overall mean 2.47 4.74 1.52 1.31 39.85
CV (%) 219.42 110.45 84.06 86.45 2.39
*,** Significant at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels respectively.
' Anthesis, sillc emergence, silk delay were measured in three environments and degrees of freedom are listed in parentheses.
Table B4. Phenotypic correlations (above diagonal) and genetic correlations (below diagonal) based on 200 progeny of the Design III analysis across five environments.
Trait yield (g/
plant"')
Ear Diameter (cm)
Cob Diameter (cm)
Kernel Depth (cm)
Ear Length (cm)
yield 0.64** 0.32** 0.51** 0.75**
Ear Diameter 0.28 0.50** 0.79** 0.41**
Cob Diameter 0-05 0-77 -0.14* 0.22**
Kernel Depth 0.38 0.52 -0.15 0.32**
Bar Length 0.44 -0.48 -0.26 -0.38
Kernel Rows 0.09 0.72 0.62 0.29 -0.49
Ears Plant"^ 0.43 -0-05 0.14 -0.27 0.46
Barren Plants -0.04 0-14 -0.28 0.60 -0.21
Root Lodging 1.17 0.86 0.67 0.43 0.35
Stalk Lodging 0.55 0.33 0.26 0.17 0.42
Dropped Bars 0.05 0.30 -0.18 0.69 -0.35
Plant Height 0.51 0.34 0.25 0.22 0.35
Ear Height 0.67 0.41 0.25 0.33 0.47
Anthesis 0.47 0.33 0.29 0.14 0.73
Silk Emergence 0.17 0.26 0.22 0.13 0.62
Silk Delay -0.90 -0.24 -0.23 -0.07 -0-39
*,** Significant at the 0.05 and 0-01 probability levels respectively.
* Plant and ear heights measured in four environments and anthesis, silk emergence, and silk delay measured in three environments.
164
Kernel Rows (no.)
Ears Plant"' (no.)
Barren Plants (%)
Root Lodging (%)
Stalk Lodging (%)
Dropped Ears (%)
0.29** 0.32** -0.32** -0.08 -0.01 -0.04
0.46** 0.10 -0.12 -0.03 -0.02 -0.06
0.33** 0.06 -0.10 0.04 0.01 -0.08
0.29** 0.07 -0.07 -0.06 -0.03 -0.01
0.07 0.14* -0.15* -0.07 -0.02 -0.02
-0.01 -0.02 0.01 0.00 -0.01
-0.19 -0.87** 0.01 0.02 0.00
0.17 -0.96 0.01 -0.03 0.00
0.49 0.07 0.07 -0.02 -0.02
0.08 0.52 -0.65 0.28 -0.01
0.30 -0.63 0.66 0.32 -0.46
-0.04 0.20 0.01 0.65 0.58 -0.15
-0.05 0.40 -0.27 0.52 0.81 -0.26
-0.17 0.42 -0.61 0.29 0.41 -0.73
-0.15 0.21 -0.31 0.12 0.23 -0.65
0.09 -0.65 0.94 -0.51 -0.56 0,30
165
Table B4. (continued)
Trait Plant Ear Anthesis Silk Silk Height Height (days)* Emergence Delay (cm) (cm) (days)" (days)'
Yield 0.27** 0.19** -0.18* -0.33** -0.22**
Ear Diameter 0.25** 0.19** -0.13 -0.21** -0.11
Cob Diameter 0.20** 0.16* -0.03 -0.08 -0.07
Kernel Depth 0.14* 0.11 -0.14* -0.20** -0.08
Ear Length 0.21** 0.14* -0.04 -0.19** -0.23**
Kernel Rows 0.05 0.01 -0.18* -0.19** -0.01
Ears Plant"^ 0.09 0.13 0.04 -0.06 -0.14*
Barren Plants -0.04 -0.07 0.01 0.12 0.17*
Root Lodging 0.05 0.07 0.08 0.08 -0.01
Stalk Lodging 0.12 0.18* 0.08 0.03 -0.08
Dropped Ears -0.01 -0.02 0.01 0.00 -0.01
Plant Height 0.85** 0.31** 0.22** -0,15*
Ear Height 0.93 0.44** 0.31** -0.22**
Anthesis 0.74 0.85 0.79** -0.37**
Silk Emergence 0.66 0.70 0.94 0.28**
Silk Delay -0.30 -0.54 -0.29 0.05
166
APPENDIX C. S, PROGENY ANALYSES ACROSS ENVIRONMENTS
AND BY ENVIRONMENT
Table CI. Mean squares, means, and coefficients of variation (CV) from the Sj progeny analysis combined acroBS five environments in 1992 and 1993, for six traits.
Mean Squares
Source of Variation
df Yield Ear Diameter
Cob Diameter
Kernel Depth
Ear Length
Kernel Rows
g plant"' cm cm cm cm no.
Env (E) 4 86540.96** 7.775** 0.841** 5.943** 123.09** 3.59
Rep/E 5 1043.80** 0.132** 0.008 0.107** 2.77* 0.73
Genotypes (6) 99 1919.90** 0.262** 0.135** 0.115** 10.97** 9.84**
G X E 370 370.07** 0.041** 0.023** 0.030 1.26 0.53*
Error 458 251.02 0.032 0.018 0.030 1.12 0.44
CV 17.06 4,37 5.23 11.38 7.49 4.72
Overall mean 92.87 4.10 2.57 1.53 14.13 13.99
*,** Significant at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels respectively.
Table C2. Mean squares, means, and coefficients of variation (CV) from the S] progeny analysis combined across five environments in 1992 and 1993, for five traits.
Mean Squares
Source of df Ears Plant"' Barren Root Stalk Dropped Variation Plants Lodging Lodging Ears
no • % % % %
Env (E) 4 0. 414** 4532. 28** 54. 39* 1060. 34** 30. .69*
Rep/E 5 0. 008 83. 34 5. 50 89. 79** 4. .46
Genotypes (G) 99 0. 041** 283. 76** 7. 33 69. 34** 6.
« o
CM
G X E 370 0. 014** 115. 12** 8. 17 29. 33 3. .77
Error 458 0. 007 50. 28 8. 76 27. 10 3. .36
CV (%) 8 .67 165. 61 621. 98 113. 63 260. .43
Overall mean 0 .97 4. 28 0.
CD
4. 58 0. .70
*,** Significant at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels respectively.
Table C3. Mean squares, means, and coefficients of variation (CV) from the S, progeny analysis combined across four environments in 1992 and 1993, for five traits.
Mean Squares
Source of df Plant Ear Anthesis* Silk Silk Variation Height Height Emergence* Delay*
cm cm days days days
Env (E) 3(2) 14498. 57* 4286. 67 4911. 34** 3308. 20** •
00 in 27**
Rep/E 4(3) 1150. 78** 1152. 96**
CO in 72** 38. 90** 3. 06
Genotypes (G) 99 1612. 42** 1245. 88** 32. 09** 26. 80** 4. 63**
G X E 272(86) 68. 20** 49. 49** 4. 18** 3. 82* 1. 97*
Error 360(79) 50. 88 35. 04 2. 21 2. 39 1. 19
CV (%) 3. 55 6. 02 1. 75 1. 76 35. 90
Overall Mean 200. 76 98. 28 84. 83 87. 87 3. 04
*,** significant at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively.
* Anthesis, silk emergence, and silk delay were measured in three environments and degrees of freedom are listed in parentheses.
Table C4. Mean squares, means, and coefficients of variation (CV) from the S| progeny analysis for six traits measured at Ames in 1992.
Mean Squares
Source of Variation
df Yield Ear Diameter
Cob Diameter
Kernel Depth
Ear Length
Kernel Rows
g plant' cm cm cm cm no.
Reps 1 855.21 0.069 0.00 0.062 2.25 0.01
Genotypes 98 611.07** 0.081** 0.04** 0.049** 2.65** 2.86**
Error 98 225.18 0.018 0.009 0.021 0.61 0.34
CV (%) 12.79 3.05 3.74 8.06 5.17 4.10
Overall mean 117.34 4.36 2.55 1.81 15.13 14.15
*,** significant at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively.
Table C5.
Source of Variation
Mean squares, means, and coefficients of variation (CV) from the Sj progeny analysis for ten traits measured at Ames in 1992.
df
Mean Squares
Ears Plant -1
Barren Plants
Root Lodging
Stalk Lodging
Dropped Ears
Replications
Genotypes
Error
1
98
98
no.
0.000
0.003**
0.002
%
12.63
13.15**
7.52
%
23.35
11.11
10.50
%
374.76**
60.49**
37.64
%
0.45
7.04*
4.96
CV {%) 4.49 493.75 571.85 97.63 191.26
Overall mean 1.01 0.56 0.57 6.28 1.16
Plant Height Ear Height Anthesis Silk Silk Emergence Delay
cm cm days days days
Replications 1 317.17** 497.01** 172.85** 109.14** 7.29**
Genotypes 98 520.98** 440.53** 19.70** 15.42** 3.44**
Error 98 31.99 23.51 1.65 1.47 1.00
CV (%) ' 2.75 4.95 1.54 1.40 30.79
Overall mean 205.47 98.04 83.45 86.69 3.24
H
*,** Significant at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively.
Table C6.
Source of Variation
Mean eguares, means, and coefficient of variation (CV) from the Si progeny analysis for eleven traits measured at Elkhart in 1992.
Mean Squares
df Yield Ear Diameter
Cob Diameter
Kernel Depth
Ear Length
Kernel Rows
Replications
Genotypes
Error
1
98
98
g plant'
661.84
684.76**
268.98
cm
0.158*
0.100**
0.029
cm
0.020
0.040**
0.015
cm
0.065
0.048*
0.033
cm
0.64
2.57**
1.19
no.
1.53
2.37**
0.60
CV (%) 17.20 4.11 4.73 11.98 7.72 5.61
Overall mean 95.33 4.13 2.61 1.53 14.11 13.84
Ears Barren Root Stalk Dropped Plant' Plants Lodging Lodging Ears
no. % % % %
Replications 1 0.009 69.14 0.78 4.40 4.31*
Genotypes 98 0.008* 58.77** 1.09 13.29** 2.38**
Error 98 0.005 31.27 0.80 6.48 1.04
CV (%) 7.34 328.54 467.89 142.84 282.92
Overall mean 0.99 1.70 0.19 1.78 0.36
to
*,** Significant at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively.
Table C7. Mean squares, means, and coefficients of variation (CV) from the Si progeny analysis for six traits measured at Atomic Energy in 1992.
Mean Squares
Source of Variation
df Yield Ear Diameter
Cob Diameter
Kernel Depth
Ear Length
Kernel Rows
g plant' cm cm cm cm no.
Replications 1 494.73 0.115 0.005 0.071 4.41 0.00
Genotypes 97 748.74** 0.071** 0.043** 0.040* 3.79** 2,42**
Error 95 309.89 0.034 0.013 0.028 1.29 0.30
CV {%) 16.22 4.36 4.23 10.83 7.71 3.99
Overall mean 108.54 4.21 2.66 1.54 14.74 13.82
*,** Significant at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively.
Table C8. Mean squares, means, and coefficients of variation (CV) from the Sj progeny analysis for ten traits measured at Atomic Energy in 1992.
Source of Variation
Mean Squares
df Ears Plant -1
Barren Plants
Root Lodging
Stalk Lodging
Dropped Ears
Replications
Genotypes
Error
1
97
95
no.
0.001
0.004*
0.003
%
9.19
4.46
4.56
%
3.03*
0.58
0.60
%
1.76
13.16*
8.37
%
1.51
2.53
2 . 2 2
CV (%)
Overall mean
Replications
Genotypes
Error
1
97
95
5.09
1.02
985.92
0.22
Plant Height Ear Height
621.89
0.12
Anthesis
cm
1112.65**
488.49**
44.72
121.75
2.38
Silk Emergence
cm
750.90**
357.25**
31.97
days
1.02
15.30**
3.89
days
0.13
12.89**
4.05
343.91
0.43
Silk Delay
days
0.42
3.61**
1.78
1-*
CV (%)
Overall mean
3.24
206.62
5.62
100.63
2.44
80.78
2.38
84.59
35.07
3.80
*,** Significant at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively.
Table C9. Mean squares, means, and coefficients of variation (CV) from the Sj progeny analysis for six traits measured at Ames in 1993.
Mean Squares
Source of Variation
df Yield Ear Diameter
Cob Diameter
Kernel Depth
Ear Length
Kernel Rows
g plant' cm cm cm cm no.
Replications 1 3200.94** 0.315** 0.00 0.332 6.11* 2.12*
Genotypes 90 610.24** 0.090** 0.055** 0.054 4.17** 2.38**
Error 86 264.82 0.043 0.028 0.037 1.54 0.40
CV (%) 24.97 5.38 6.70 14.19 9.42 4.50
Overall mean 65.17 3.86 2.51 1.35 13.18 14.11
*,** Significant at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively.
Table CIO. Mean squares, means, and coefficients of variation (CV) from the Sj progeny analysis for ten traits measured at Ames in 1993.
Source of Variation
df
Mean Squares
Ears Plant -1
Barren Plants
Root Lodging
Stalk Lodging
Dropped Ears
Replications
Genotypes
Error
1
90
86
no.
0-001
0.038**
0.018
no.
38.64
322.29**
147.06
%
0.00
1.00
1.08
%
12.06
55.20
45.52
%
14.03
7.45
6.87
CV (%)
Overall mean
Replications
Genotypes
Error
1
90
86
14.84
0.92
118.80
10.21
Plant Height Ear Height
840.79
0.12
Anthesis
cm
2448.38**
451.84**
77.19
112.00
6 .02
Silk Emergence
cm
3233.62**
357.70**
47.68
days
2.30
6.38**
0.98
days
7.45*
7.07**
1.59
233.90
1.12
Silk Delay
days
1.47
1.54**
0.76
H -o o\
CV (%)
Overall mean
4.70
186.94
7.54
91.62
1.09
90.79
1.36
92.77
44.02
1.98
*,** Significant at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively.
Table Cll. Mean squares, means, and coefficients of variation (CV) from the Sj progeny analysis for six traits measured at Ankeny in 1993.
Mean Squares
Source of Variation
df yield Ear Diameter
Cob Diameter
Kernel Depth
Ear Length
Kernel Rows
g plant"' cm cm cm cm no.
Replications 1 6.28 0.003 0.012 0.003 0.44 0.00
Genotypes 86 876.53** 0.100** 0.064** 0.050* 3.54** 2.57**
Error 81 176.88 0.040 0.028 0.033 1.00 0.54
CV (%) 18.35 5.16 6.67 13.29 7.53 5.22
Overall mean 72.48 3.87 2.49 1.37 13.29 14.05
*,** Significant at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively.
Table C12. Mean squares, means, and coefficients of variation (CV) from the Sj progeny analysis for seven traits measured at Ankeny in 1993.
Mean Squares
Source of Variation
df Ears Plant
Barren Plants
Root Lodging
Stalk Lodging
Dropped Ears
no. % % % %
Replications 1 0.030 287.13 0.36 55.96 2.02
Genotypes 86 0.048** 395.42** 28.79 48.11 2.06
Error 81 0.008 75.89 34.00 41.71 1.86
CV (%) 10.08 86.30 394.64 93.90 309.71
Overall mean 0.91
Plant Height
10.10
Ear Height
1.48 6.88 0.44
cm cm
Replications 1 724.92** 130.33
Genotypes 86 463.73** 328.62**
Error 81 53.04 39.18
CV (%) 3.59 6.08
Overall mean 203.07 102.88
*,** significant at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively.
179
APPENDIX D. TESTCROSS AND EPISTATIC DEVIATION MEANS OF TRIPLE
TESTCROSS PROGENY, BY ENVIRONMENT AND ACROSS ENVIRONMENTS.
180
6LOSS2^Y FOR APPENDIX D
Abbreviations used in appendix D are described as
follows:
YD =
grain yield (g plant"').
ED =
ear diameter (cm).
CD = cob diameter (cm).
KD =
kernel depth (cm).
EL = ear length (cm).
RN =
kernel-row number (no.).
EP =
ears plant"' (no.).
BP =
barren plants (%).
RL =
root lodging (%).
SL = stalk lodging (%).
DE = dropped ears (%) .
PH =
plant height (cm).
EH ear height (cm).
AN = days from planting to 50% anthesis (days)
SE = days from planting to 50% silk emergence
SD = silk delay (AN-SE) (days) •
20519 = triple testcross experiment, environment Ames 1992.
20619 = triple testcross experiment, environment Elkhart 1992.
21619 = triple testcross experiment, environment Atomic Energy
1992.
30519 = triple testcross experiment, environment Ames 1993.
30619 = triple testcross experiment, environment Ankeny 1993.
Hale
88301 88303 88306 88701 88703 88704 89101 89102 89103 89104 89105 89107 89501 89502 89503 89506 89507 89901 89902 89903 89904 90301 90302 90303 90306 90701 90703 91101 91103 91104 91501 91502 91503 91504 91505 91901 91902 91903 91904 91905 91906 92301 92302 92303 92305
Triple testcross male epistatic deviation means across environments.
YD ED CD KD EL RH EP BP RL SL DE PH EH AN SE SO
g/plant cm cm cm cm no. no. X X X X
-25.9 ^^U4 ^5726 ^06 0.12 -0.82 ^^714 4T6 2724 OTM TIS" 11.6 0.20 0.04 0.22 1.36 0.58 -0.04 1.2 -1.24 7.70 1.50 -3.0 -0.32 -0.32 0.00 0.80 -0.48 -0.02 1.0 -2.52 2.50 0.46 1.2 -0.20 -0.10 -0.08 0.02 -0.12 -0.02 -1.8 2.50 -2,36 2.10
14.7 -0.08 -0.04 -0.06 1.92 0.32 0.00 4.2 0.84 -0.66 0.96 -1.8 0.02 -0.02 0.04 -0.18 0.36 -0.04 3.2 -1.32 4.10 -0.42 7.9 -0.10 -0.14 0.04 0.22 -0.12 0.06 -2.0 -1.90 -1,10 -0.82
-8.8 -0.18 -0.04 -0.16 0.62 -0.28 0.02 2.0 0.00 2,48 1.00 -13.5 0.06 0.20 -0.14 -1.18 0.20 0.02 2.0 -3.34 3.06 0.66 -5.8 -0.20 -0.04 -0.16 -0.30 1.00 0.00 -1.4 0.84 1.06 1.16
-12.1 -0.16 -0.16 0.00 0.74 -0.12 -0.08 6.0 0.00 -1.26 -0.38 37.0 0.10 0.04 0.06 1.24 0.84 0.16 -13 -0.42 -3.54 -0.02 0.3 0.04 -0.12 0.20 1.32 0.02 0.00 -1.0 0.00 1,92 1.36
-8.1 -0.12 -0.16 0.06 0.00 -0.08 -0.02 1.1 0.00 -3.24 1.56 19.7 0.00 -0.32 0.32 -0.66 0.80 0.06 0.0 0.00 1.18 0.82 2.5 0.08 0.06 -0.02 1.12 1.08 0.02 -2.0 1.26 0.70 -0.34
18.6 0.24 0.04 0.20 1.18 0.06 0.00 -2.2 1.68 4.66 2.40 -15.2 -0.26 -0.16 -0.16 -1.24 1.00 0.02 -3.1 -2.08 -3.02 0.84 -7.5 -0.14 0.08 -0.24 0.36 0.44 -0.04 3.0 -1.66 -1.30 2.26 -0.1 0.5 2.5 1.7 -0.8 H -8.8 - 0.02 - 0.12 0.08 -1.16 0.08 - 0.08 5.3 0.88 -1.48 2.18 8.7 5.5 2.7 0.7 - 2.0 Oo 30.8 0.14 -0.18 0.36 1.98 0.50 0.04 -1.7 -1.24 -1.76 -0.60 17.5 11.3 2.5 0.2 -2.3 16.9 0.18 0.04 0.14 1.18 0.04 0.04 -6.4 0.42 -0.48 1.88 -7.0 -0.12 0.12 -0.24 0.98 1.12 0.00 -1.9 5.08 -4.18 1.26 11.9 -0.26 -0.18 -0.08 -0.12 1.06 0.00 -1.7 1.38 2.82 3.42 23.9 0.02 -0.02 0.08 0.60 0.60 0.00 -4.0 0.34 6.64 -3.42 5.9 0.15 0.08 0.05 0.03 -0.20 0.05 -5.0 -1.58 7.68 -0.43
-3.0 0.08 0,14 -0.06 1.34 -0.14 0.02 -2.0 0.00 1.58 1.70 15.3 0.16 0.06 0.06 1.14 1.08 0.12 -10 -0.84 1.44 0.06 -6.5 -0.02 -0.10 0.08 0.30 -0.20 0.04 -4.0 -7.94 1.34 -0.84 14.3 -0.18 -0.18 -0.02 2.18 0.32 0.00 -0.6 0.42 0.28 1.14 9.4 -0.06 0,12 -0.16 0.12 0.28 0.00 -3.4 0.92 1.36 -0.12
34.6 0.46 -0.02 0.48 0.70 0.48 0.04 -10 0.08 -0.40 2.26 8.5 -0.08 -0.02 -0.06 1.06 0.04 0.02 -1.0 2.16 -5.08 0.56
11.8 -0.02 0.04 -0.02 1.68 -0.44 0.06 0.0 -2.50 12.08 0.00 0.6 -0.10 0.12 -0.24 -1.80 0.32 0.04 -1.6 0.00 -1.72 0.00
17.3 0.12 0.10 0.06 2.34 0.70 -0.02 1.0 0.70 2.00 2.10 3.9 0.16 -0.10 0.30 0.66 0.56 0.06 -1.0 0.28 1.16 1.80 4.5 -0.10 -0.06 -0.02 1.10 -0.26 0.00 -4.0 -0.76 1.62 0.88
25.5 0.50 0.24 0.22 0.16 1.12 0.18 -17 -0.42 -2.68 1.20 8.8 -0.10 -0.08 -0.10 1.28 -0.05 0.00 -5.0 0.00 0,33 1.98
28.0 0.28 0.00 0.26 1.30 0.36 0.06 -4.0 -1.68 -0.28 0.46 1.0 -0.14 -0.10 -0.02 -0.20 0.50 0.08 -7.4 0.94 -0.64 -0.10 5.1 -0.22 -0.06 -0.18 -0.34 0.12 0.04 -4.4 0.40 -3.02 1.94
-21.1 -0.32 -0.24 -0.12 -1.40 -0.34 0.04 -1.0 0.42 -2.70 1.26 0.5 -0.20 0.18 -0.38 1.04 0.52 0.02 1.0 0.84 2.94 1.72
cm cm days days days
3.2 1.3 0.7 1,3 0.7 6.2 4.8 0.3 1,3 1.0
13.5 7.8 1.7 0,3 -1.3 -6.5 -2.1 -0.7 -3,7 -3.0 6.2 8.4 -0.5 -0.3 0.2 2,1 3,5 0.0 1,0 1.0
-0,1 3,5 2.5 1,7 -0.8 7,2 9,8 1.3 -0,5 -1.8 1,6 4,2 3,7 3.8 0,2
11,9 6,0 0,8 1,5 0.7 -4,3 -2.0 0,0 0,8 0.8
-10,6 -5.6 -2,3 -3,8 -1.5 1,2 -5.1 -1,3 -0.5 0.8
15,5 16.8 1,5 1,0 -0.5 7,4 7.8 3,5 4,3 0.8
17.7 7.8 1,7 3,2 1.5 7.7 8.0 0,7 2,2 1.5
-23.2 -20.7 -4,3 -3,0 1.3 -0.1 0,5 2,5 1,7 -0.8 8.7 5.5 2,7 0,7 -2.0
17.5 11.3 2,5 0,2 -2,3 -8.1 2.8 -0,2 -0.5 -0,3
-34.8 -22.2 -0,2 0.0 0,2 19.6 15.4 0,7 0.2 -0,5 1.9 4.7 -1,0 -0.8 0,2 5.9 2.9 0,3 1.5 1,3
14.2 8.4 -0,3 0.0 0,3 8.0 7.3 0,3 -0.2 •0,5
-7.7 -2.4 0.0 -0.2 -0.2 -7.2 -9.3 -1.8 -0.8 1.0 10.6 8.5 -2.3 -2.5 -0.2 3.1 -1.9 -0,7 2.0 2.7
-6.1 -2.2 0,5 1.2 0.7 11.6 14.7 0,2 -1.3 -1.5 7.9 6.2 3,2 2.0 -1.2
-6.5 -6.3 2.2 1.0 -1.2 3.6 1.9 0,8 -2.3 -3.2
-3.7 -1.4 2,3 1.5 -0.8 -6.2 -5.4 -0,2 -1.5 •1.3 10.3 12.0 0.3 -0.3 -0.5 11.9 9.8 3,5 2.5 -1.0 4.9 -2.7 1,5 1.5 0.0 2.8 3.4 1,3 -0.2 -1.5
-2.4 1.4 -1,2 -0.5 0.7 3.9 1.0 2,5 1.7 -0.8
Table D1. continued.
Hale YD ED CO KD EL RN EP
g/plant cm cm cm cm no. no.
92306 23.7 0.10 0.13 0.00 0.85 0.75 -0.03 92307 0.2 0.24 -0.10 0.30 -0.10 0.04 0.08 92701 11.3 -0.10 0.02 -0.08 0.74 -0.30 0.06 92702 12.8 0.06 0.16 -0.10 1.00 -0.34 0.04 92703 -14.2 0.00 0.04 -0.06 -0.08 0.34 0.02 92704 -10.8 0.10 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.50 -0.02 92706 8.5 -0.04 -0.02 -0.04 0.80 0.30 -0.04 92707 7.2 0.06 -0.04 0.08 0.58 1.10 0.02 92708 25.5 -0.06 -0.14 0.08 0.30 0.10 -0.06 93101 -4.8 -0.02 -0.06 0.04 0.22 0.12 -0.06 93102 24.1 0.22 0.24 -0.04 0.38 0.82 0.04 93104 3.5 0.08 0.20 -0.10 0.04 1.02 -0.06 93105 21.1 0.10 0.02 0.08 1.80 0.72 0.02 93501 8.1 0.08 0.00 0.06 1.46 0.32 0.02 93502 -0.3 0.28 0.14 0.10 1.22 1.00 -0.04 93504 -6.8 -0.02 -0.06 0.06 -1.14 0.18 0.00 93505 9.9 0.02 -0.14 0.18 0.64 -0.26 -0.02 93506 -3.8 -0.04 0.16 -0.18 0.08 -0.02 0.02 93901 -28.2 -0.16 -0.02 -0.20 -1.60 0.46 -0.04 93902 18.3 0.14 0.16 0.00 1.96 0.70 0.00 93903 28.9 0.14 0.14 0.04 2.04 1.74 -0.04 93906 -28.9 -0.00 0.14 -0.12 -0.90 -0.16 -0.10 94301 3.0 -0.06 0.08 -0.14 0.88 0.94 0.02 94302 22.0 0.26 0.20 0.08 1.84 0.48 -0.04 94303 -0.5 -0.58 -0.38 -0.20 -0.24 -0.20 0.06 94304 3.9 -0.00 -0.02 0.04 0.52 1.36 0.06 94305 18.1 0.10 0.15 -0.10 0.33 0.20 0.18 94701 12.4 0.00 0.06 -0.08 1.38 0.30 0.04 94702 13.5 -0.22 -0.08 -0.16 1.42 0.48 0.04 94705 17.7 0.14 0.14 -0.02 0.12 -0.86 0.04 95503 -9.5 -0.18 -0.20 -0.04 -1.02 0.12 0.06 95505 33.6 0.14 0.10 0.04 1.48 1.28 0.14 95901 20.1 0.06 -0.22 0.28 0.00 0.28 0.04 95902 7.8 0.06 -0.04 0.14 0.74 0.96 -0.06 95904 7.9 0.10 -0.06 0.14 1.54 0.50 -0.12
226308 15.1 0.04 -0.06 0.10 0.58 -0.60 0.10 226309 -1.9 -0.18 0.06 -0.22 0.58 0.54 0.06 226720 21.8 0.34 0.16 0.34 1.62 0.02 0.06 227110 27.4 0.14 0.24 -0.08 2.22 -0.08 0.08 227511 14.8 0.06 0.08 -0.06 1.22 -0.58 0.06 227512 36.0 0.22 0.06 0.18 2.38 0.42 -0.06 228313 5.7 0.00 0.26 -0.24 0.20 -1.22 -0.04 228714 7.2 0.08 0.24 -0.18 0.68 0.66 0.04 229115 9,4 0.08 0.12 0.02 1.54 0.00 -0.06 229524 13,0 0.12 0.32 -0.14 1.66 0.44 0.00
BP RL SL OE PH EH AN SE SD
X X X X cm cm days days days
-3.8 -6.0 -4.2 -9.0 -1.0 1.8
-1.0 -1.0 2.9 3.2
-4.0 6.0 1.0
-2.9 3.0 1 . 1 1.0
-2.0 4.2 1.0 4.1 7,0
-2.0 3.0
-6.0 -1.8 -18
-2.0 -2.4 -3.0 -4.2 -4.0 -4.0 3.0 8.0
-7.0 -3.0 -0.8 -3.2 -5.0 -2.0 1.0 0.0 7.0 1.0
1.05 0.00 0.00
-0.84 0.92
-0.76 0.00
-2.90 1.26 1.26 0.56 0.00
-0.36 0.00 0.44
-0.84 -0.50 0.62
-1,66 -1.54 0.42 0.42
-0.54 0.22 O.OO
-3.32 2.65 0.00
-2.56 0.00
-0.84 0.52
-3.34 0.90
-3.30 3,36
-2.92 2.10 0.84
-1.40 2.10
-3.76 0.96 0.44
-0.70
1.58 0.74
-1.00 -0.84 4.66
-1.48 3.80 3.32
-0.82 0.90
-0.00 -1.14 -1.24 4.14
-2.74 -0.72 7.82
-1.48 -3.56 1.56
-0.32 1,74 5,20
-1.40 1,84 4,28
-3.05 3.94 7.14
-4.96 -4.62 0,34
-6,68 -0,88 -0,90 -8,18 -1,74 2,58 2.78 4.14 1.94 2.52 1.64
10.62 -4.60
0.08 2.62
-3.24 -1.66 -0.58 1.04 0.50 1.08
-2.52 1.32 0.46 0.00 3.38 1,84 1,20 0.94
-0.18 0.00 1.46 0.92
-1.92 1.20
-1.74 0.34
-0.42 3.88 1.00
-0.82 1.30 1.26 0,96 1.28 1.90 0.42 3.24 0.00
-1.54 1.36
-0.66 2.62 2.12 1.14 3.40 0.54 0.60
2.8 2.8
-0.1 9.2 4.2 7.4 6.0
-6.4 S.O 4.5
11.8 -0.5 1.3 8.4
-3.2 11.9 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.2
-2.7 3.5 6.3
-7.8 2.5 1.3 6.3 5.2 4.2 7.3 3.9
14.6 -6.3 -6.2 5.7 9.6
-3.8 -3.0 -9.7 4.9 4.0 6.3 2 .1
-2.5 -3.5
1.8 3.3 4.3 3.2 2.9 2.3 6.6
-4.4 1.3 4.1
11.4 0.9
-3.6 6.2
-4.3 9.0
12.0 0,4
-0.5 2.6
-0.1 5.5
10.6 -2.9 4.6 4.0
10.3 -2.5 9.8
11.7 6.0
10.8 -5.7 2.6 0,8 9,8
-2.9 3.1
-9.7 2.2 7.8 5.4 5.3 1.7 0.3
0.3 0.2 1.8
-0.3 3.5 2.0 2.7 0.7 1.0 1.5 2.8 0.3 1.5 1.3 3.2 0.7 3.8 1.3 3.5
-0.5 -0.3 -0.3 0.7 3.3 1.2 5.3 2.3 1.3 2.8 2.8 2.0 3.3 3.2 3.5 1.0 1.3
-1,2 -0 ,2 -1.0 0.5 0.2 2.2 2.2 1.5 1.0
0.8 0.3 0.2
-1.5 2.7 0.5 1.7
-0.5 0.3 0.2 1.2 0.3
-0.3 0.0 1,5 1,5 0,5 0.3 3.7 1.3
-1.7 0.8 0.3
-0.2 3.2 2.0 1.8 0.8 1.3 1.2 2.0 1.0 3.5 2.5 0.5 0.5
-1.5 0.5
-1.7 0.2 0.7 1.0 0.0 2.0
-0 .2
0.5 0.2
•1.7 -1.2 -0,8 -1.5 -1.0 -1.2 -0.7 -1.3 -1.7 0.0
-1.8 -1.3 -1.7 o.a
-3.3 -1.0 0.2 1.8
-1.3 1.2
-0.3 -3.5 2.0
-3.3 -0.5 -0.5 -1.5 -1.7 0.0
-2.3 0.3
-1.0 -0.5 -0.8 -0.3 0.7
-0.7 -0.3 0.5
-1.2 -2.2 0.5
-1 .2
00 to
Table 01. continued.
Male YD ED CD KD EL RN EP BP RL SL DE PH EH AN SE SO
9/plant cm cm cm cm no. no. X X X X cm cm days days days
229921 3.6 -0.12 -0.04 -0.14 1.24 0.92 0.08 0.0 2.78 5.94 0.62 1.6 7.0 3.0 1.8 -0.5 230322 23.7 0.26 -0.04 0.28 2.20 0.58 0.02 -1.0 1.68 -3.42 1.14 12.4 15.2 4.7 3.5 -1.2 230323 20.1 0.04 0.06 -0.02 -0.12 0.82 0.10 -5.6 -5.42 •0.68 1.44 -26.6 •12.1 2.2 2.5 0.3 230701 17.6 -0.04 0.14 -0.18 1.24 0.26 -0.04 0.8 3.12 -5.18 1.78 0.1 2.0 -0.5 -1.2 -0.7 231103 -7.4 -0.20 0.02 -0.24 1.02 -0.88 -0.06 4.3 -2.90 -0.88 -0.76 5.4 1.3 0.0 1.3 1.3 231104 8.3 -0.14 0.02 -0.20 1.20 -0.04 0.00 -2.0 0.42 -1.66 4.38 -2.5 -1.6 -0.8 1.0 1.8 231905 1.8 0.00 -0.08 0.12 0.36 -0.30 0.00 -6.0 0.00 -3.06 2.74 -8.9 -1.6 -0.7 -1.0 -0.3 231916 2.5 -0.06 -0.08 0.02 0.26 -0.22 -0.02 2.0 0.42 -0.40 -0.80 -3.9 -4.4 1.7 0.5 -1.2 232306 -3.4 -0.04 -0.08 0.08 0.76 0.44 -0.04 2.8 -1.24 7.54 4.88 1.8 4.4 -1.2 -1.7 -0.5 232707 14.0 -0.28 -0.06 -0.30 0.18 0.20 0.10 -9.0 2.92 1.66 •0.40 3.6 12.2 0.8 •0.8 -1.7
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' I I I I I I I I - * v n o r o ^ ^ r o ^ ^ r o v i - * > A - A M O u T O o o - » u i - ' j N O J ouiuiuiouiuiwnouiuiouivrii/ivnoi'iooownuiuio*
I I I I I ! j<*^^>*^ra-kro^«s^ooujoo^o-»-*^o^-*.^oi o c n o o v / i o o L n o o v / i o o u i i J i w n o o w i o o o v n o c n '
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Table 02. contitxied.
Env. Hale YD ED CO KD EL RN EP
g/plant cm ctn cm cm no. no.
21619 90701 . • , . . , 21619 90703 40.0 0.00 0.20 -.20 2.20 0.70 0,00 21619 91101 15.7 -.10 0.30 -.40 1.30 0.20 0,00 21619 91103 -75.8 0.00 -.20 0.20 -1.70 -0.80 0,00 21619 91104 18.9 -.20 -.20 -.10 5.60 -0.30 -,10 21619 91501 5.7 -.10 0.00 -.10 -0.30 -0.80 -.10 21619 91502 -26.7 0,40 0.00 0.40 -3.20 0.60 -.20 21619 91503 6.7 -.10 -.10 0.10 2.40 0.10 0.10 21619 91504 3.0 0.10 -.10 0.40 0.70 -0.80 0.00 21619 91505 -7.7 0.10 0.20 -.10 -1.80 1.60 0.10 21619 91901 -32.0 -.50 -.10 •.30 0,70 •0.40 0.00 21619 91902 -26.5 -.10 0.00 0.00 -0.40 -0,90 0.20 21619 91903 -17.6 -.20 0.20 -.40 1.60 -0,10 -.10 21619 91904 -17.6 0.20 0.30 -.10 1.10 0.30 0.00 21619 91905 21619 91906 15.7 0.10 -.10 0.20 -2.10 -0.30 0.00 21619 92301 -18.6 0.20 0.10 0.10 -3.20 -0.10 0.00 21619 92302 15.3 0.10 -.10 0.10 -0,40 1.60 0.00 21619 92303 -35,5 -.30 -.10 -.30 -3,90 0.90 0.10 21619 92305 -31,3 -.20 0.20 -.40 -0.50 0.60 0.10 21619 92306 . . • . . 21619 92307 -0,8 0.60 -.10 0.60 -0.80 -2.00 0.00 21619 92701 -38.1 -.50 0.00 -.40 -2.20 -0.60 0,10 21619 92702 1.5 0.00 0.30 -.30 0.40 1.00 0,00 21619 92703 -58.1 0.00 0.40 -.40 -2.60 1.20 0,00 21619 92704 -25.5 -.20 0.20 -.40 -2.00 -0.20 0.00 21619 92706 3.9 -.30 0.10 -.40 -1.40 0.00 0.00 21619 92707 -16.7 0.20 0.20 0.00 -1.50 0.40 0.00 21619 92708 19.4 0.00 -.20 0.20 4.20 0.30 0.00 21619 93101 -90.5 -.60 -.30 -.30 -4.20 -2.40 0.00 21619 93102 -1.1 0.30 -.10 0.30 -2.40 0.90 0.00 21619 93104 -7.3 0.00 0.10 -.10 -0,40 0.20 0.00 21619 93105 32.0 0.20 0.00 0.30 2,90 2.00 0.10 21619 93501 67.6 O.SO -.10 0.60 4.20 0.30 -.10 21619 93502 1.9 0.00 -.20 0.00 0.10 0.30 0.10 21619 93504 8.3 0.60 -.10 0.70 -0.30 0,20 0.10 21619 93505 0.2 -.40 -,30 -.10 0.90 0,10 0.00 21619 93506 -6.9 0.70 0,60 0.20 0.10 0,10 0.00 21619 93901 -70.9 -.40 -,10 -.30 -2.80 0.60 0.00 21619 93902 -14.7 0.00 0,00 0.00 -0.10 -0.70 0.00 21619 93903 35.3 0.00 -,20 0.20 1.50 1.30 0.10 21619 93906 -28.3 0.70 0,40 0.40 -0.90 0.70 -.10 21619 94301 1.5 -.10 0,10 -.20 1.80 0.50 0.00 21619 94302 19.5 0.10 0.20 -.10 1.40 -0.20 0.00 21619 94303 -4.2 -.20 -.20 0.00 -0.80 0.30 -.10
BP RL SL DE PH EH AN SE SO
X X X X cm ctn days days days
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.00 0.00 2.00 0.00 0.00 0.40 6.30 0.00 0.00 9.40
-4.20 -4.20 -4.20
2.10 2.10 0.00 0.00
-2.10 -6.30 4.20
15.50 -2.10 13.60 -2.10 -2.10 -2.10
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.10 0.00 0.00
-11.5 16.5
-10.8 -36.8 21.6 9.5
-2.0 10.2 6.2
-27.9 4.6
-13.3 -11.2
-5.8 20.9 -1.3
-37.8 13.0 •4.0 5.9 6.0
-5.1 -21.9
2.5 0.4
-9.6
0.0 0.5 1.5
-6.0 -5.5 -2.0 0.0
-1.5 1.5 2.0 0.5 6.5
-2.5
-1.0 1.5 0.0
-2.5 -5.0 3.0 2.0
-5.0 2.5 3.0
-5.0 6.0
-1.5
-1.0 1.0
-1.5 3.5 0.5 5.0 2.0
-3.5 1.0 1.0
-5.5 -0.5 1.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
-4.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.10
0.00 0.00
-4.20 0.00
-0.10 0.00
-8.30 0.00 2.10 0.00 0.00 2.40 0.00 0.00 0.00
-4.20 0.00 0.00
-10.0 0.00 2.10
-6.90 1.10 0.00
2.10 -4.20 -4.20 -6.20 -8.40
0.00 -6.30 6.30
-2.20 -4.20 -4.20 -10.4 0.00 2.10
-4.20 -4.20 0.30 0.00
-8.30 6.30 0.20
-6.40 2.10 0.00
-4.20 2.10
-6,90 4.80 0.00
0.00 0,00 0.00 0.00 0.00
o!oo 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.20 0.00 0,00 0,00
-2,10 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
-4.20
1.8 -10.4 -0.9 9.6 2.0
-5.5 5.3 6.6 7.8 7.3 2.8
-16.7 1.1
11.9 10.0
-10.3 1.6
19.6 -24.9
11.1 3.9 1.8
13.3 -5.3
-10.0 0.5 8.2
13.4 0.6
6.1 -18.1
1.1 8.6 4.1
2.3 8.7 5.9 7.0
12.3 3.7
-15,4 -5.6 11.8 7.8
-6.2 -15.5
0.9 -21.0
4.4 14.0 5.4 8.6
-2.0 -4.7 -8.8 7.7
20,3 -2,4
4,5 1,5 6.0
-3.5 5,5
2!O 2,5
-1,5 4.5 2.0 0.0 1.5 2.5 3.0 3.5
-1.0 -1.0 0.5 5,0
-3.5 3.0 2.5 7.0
-2.5 -0.5 -4.0 0.0 4.5
-0.5
1.0 -1.0 2.0
-2.0 3.0
1.5 1.5
-3.0 5.5
-1.0 -1.0 -1.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 1.5
-1 .0 •1.0 2.5
-2.5 0.5
-1.0 6.5
-2,0 -2,5 -3,0 0,0 1,5 4,0
-3,5 -2,5 -4,0 1,5
-2,5
-ois -1,0 -1,5 1,0
-3.0 -1.0 -2.5 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 2.5 0.0
-1.5 -2.5 1.0
-2.5 -3.5 -0.5 0.5
-2.0 1.0 0.0
-3.0 4.5
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192
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"
ro ro d ro d OJ OJ OJ o OJ OJ d CM -># d d
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* I I I I I I I I
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CO • o
CM OJ OJ "C
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CM N ! OJ CM CO o in d d CM
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S S S H S S S S S S S S S S S S ^ S S e S S S S S S o o o o o o o c j o o o o o o o o o o o O O F O O O O O O O O O C N J O O O O L A O O O O O O O O O O O F M O O O O O O O O O O O O O O V O
o o N . o o o o o o o o c M o o o o « ^ o o o o o o o o o o o c M o o o o o o d o c > o o o d o (Mo
o o o O CM
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o r o o o o OJ o o .40
o r o o r o o o o o o o o CM .60
o «»*
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6
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3
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o o o r o d 1 d 1 o • d o o o 1 1 o d I I* o o d o 1 * — d o o 1 1 d o 1 o d 1 1 1 o d d 1 1 o d
o N T o <r~
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o CM ,3
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o CM 7
0
o CM 6
0
o o T- O
d d o 1 d d d t o d d 1 1 d o d 1 d d d d d 1 d d o d 1 * d d 1 d d d 1 1 1 1 d
o OJ o o o o o N T o i n o OJ o CM o r o o CM o o r o .50
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0
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9
0
o o r«- ro o o d d d d d d d • ' d 1 * I O d d d d d d d t o d d d d d / / o * d d 1 t d » '
*- o o in o rw o in K ro CM ^ ro N. •s* ro N. r^ O CM N. o* *- CM o o ro o» ro ro o o in OJ o CO >*• ro o CM OJ ro o in in «o 00 r^ o» ^ in •— CM in v— ro fO d d ro •— Kl « ro d f*— *-• *-• QQ Oi fs! ro ro OJ in » ro 1 CM t CM ro ro 'KJ' OJ CM "4 ro •J-•— Kl « ro d CM OJ ro >* in
!S; CM ro CM ro vT in CM in ro in o o o o O o O o o O o o o 5 ro ro ro ro ro N. r- in in ro ro ro «4' •»* •4- •st m in O* Ok O o o i>0'0*Oh-h^N.eocoo«o»»'Ooo^^^*-cMCMcoeoeococo 'CM^fMfMCMfMrvjtMCMcMrvjfnrororof>OforofOKico««wco
(MCMOJCMrviCMIMCMCMCMrMCMCMCMrvjCMrMCMCMCM
ffi5£5lQ5Q!Gif51G!Q!£5!C5QSGiOi£51GlCi£JK5iG!GiDCi£}*£>55^^^^*^*^''^*A5\inStninin55SSS o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O rOKifOforoKiK)roforornKiK)Kirororopor<iroroKiforofororoK)KiroKirnt>oroKirorornroromroroKiK)
Table D2. continued.
Env. Hale YD ED CD KD EL RN
g/plant cm cm cm cm no.
30619 88704 -2.5 -.30 -.10 -.20 -0.10 -0.60 30619 89101 -12.2 0.00 -.50 0.50 -0.60 -0.30 30619 89102 -14.7 -.30 -.10 -.20 -0.10 -1.50 30619 89103 -8.6 0.10 -.40 0.40 0.40 0.10 30619 89104 -42.9 -.50 0.00 -.50 -1.00 0.60 30619 89105 -36.7 -.40 -.20 -.20 0.50 0.40 30619 89107 66.7 -.40 -.30 -.20 0.40 0.10 30619 89501 -6.4 -.20 -.40 0.20 0.70 -1.00 30619 89502 -1.3 -.10 -.40 0.40 1.20 -0.50 30619 89503 50.2 0.10 -.70 0.80 1.20 2.60 30619 89506 10.8 0.40 0.50 -.20 0.80 2.10 30619 89507 34.9 0.50 0.10 0.40 2.00 0.70 30619 89901 5.5 0.30 0.20 0.10 -1.90 1.80 30619 89902 -48.1 -.50 -.20 -.40 -2.50 0.30 30619 89903 1.8 0.10 -.10 0.20 -1.00 -0.10 30619 89904 29.8 -.10 -.40 0.30 2.10 -1.50 30619 90301 39.9 0.30 0.00 0.30 3.30 -0.10 30619 90302 13.5 -.10 0.20 -.30 3.10 2.30 30619 90303 -31.2 -.60 -.40 -.20 -3.40 1.50 30619 90306 53.8 0.20 -.30 0.50 2.40 -0.20 30619 90701 6.9 0.20 -.10 0.20 0.10 -0.10 30619 90703 -57.2 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.30 -0.20 30619 91101 35.8 0.50 -.20 0.50 0.40 0.90 30619 91103 22.4 0.30 -.10 0.30 1.70 0.80 30619 91104 4.0 -.10 0.10 -.10 -0.30 1.20 30619 91501 27.4 0.20 0.30 0.00 -1.30 1.40 30619 91502 71.1 0.80 0.00 0.70 0.40 1.30 30619 91503 30.9 0.40 0.30 0.10 0.60 1.50 30619 91504 14.9 0.30 0.20 0.10 2.00 -0.80 30619 91505 -27.2 -.70 -.20 -.50 -3.30 1.00 30619 91901 11.9 0.50 0.10 0.40 1.70 0.70 30619 91902 22.2 0.10 0.00 0.10 1.00 -1.10 30619 91903 33.4 0.10 0.00 0.20 2.80 -0.60 30619 91904 66.1 0.60 0.70 -.20 0.50 0.40 30619 91905 -0.8 -.10 0.00 -.30 2.50 -0.50 30619 91906 16.4 0.10 -.10 0.30 0.70 -0.60 30619 92301 29.2 -.20 -.40 0.20 2.00 1.40 30619 92302 21.3 -.40 0.00 -.30 2.20 -1.70 30619 92303 10.8 -.10 -.20 0.10 -1.80 -1.60 30619 92305 1.9 -.10 0.00 -.10 0.20 2.00 30619 92306 38.9 0.70 0.50 0.20 2.80 0.20 30619 92307 7.9 0.10 0.10 0.00 -0.50 1.50 30619 92701 -2.0 -.30 0.10 -.30 -0.80 -1.10 30619 92702 38.6 0.60 0.70 -.10 6.70 -2.20 30619 92703 8.1 0.40 0.00 0.30 1.30 -0,60
EP BP RL
no. X %
SL
%
DE
X
PH
cm
EH AH SE SO
ctn days days days
0.10 -.20 0.10 0.00 -.10 -.10 0.60 0.00 -.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 -.20 0.00 0.20 0.00 0.10 -.20 0.00 0.20 -.10 0.10 0.20 0.20 0.10 0.30 -.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.50 -.10 0.10 0.30 0.10 0.20 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.20 -.30 0.00
0.0 20.0 0.0 0.0 5.0
10.0 -56 0.0 5.5 5.0 0.0 0.0
-6.0 15.0 5.0 -20
-2.0 -4.5 19.0 0.0 -20 5.0
-5.0 -20 -20 -12 -25 5.0 0.0
-5.0 0.0 -10 -20 -45
10.0 -5.0
-29 -10 -20
-5.0 -20 -10 -10 5.0
-5.0
0.00 4.20 0.00 2.10 0.00 0.00
-2.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
-2.10 0.00 0.00 4.20 0.00 4.20 4.20
14.80 -4.20 0.00 0.00 4.20 6.30 2.10 0.00 4.50
-12.5 0.00
-5.90 5.60 0.40 0.00
2.10 4.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4.80 -8.10 23.00 -2.10 5.00 2.10
-7.10 5.80 0.20
-4.60 -6.00 9.20 4.20 9.90
-4.20 -8.10 0.40
-2.10 10.50 3.10
14.60 5.50
11.20 0.00
18.40 0.00 0.50 1.70
29.40 1.00
-1.60 4.20
-2.30 -4.20 -4.70 12.60 -9.50 -10.5 -2.00 6.10 4.10
10.50 -10.2 -2.70 -9.00
0.00 0.00 0.00
-1.50 0.00 0.00
-8.30 0.00 2.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 9.00
-2.10 -6.20 2.30 0.00 0.00
-4.30 0.00 2.10 0.00
-4.20 0.00 0.00
-1.80 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.20 2.30 4.20 4.20 0.00 0.00 2.10 4.20 0.00 4.20 0.00
4.7 -14.1 13.4 4.7
-6.4 -4.0
-22.2 2.7
21.5 -3.5 5.7 5.1
-14.6 15.7 22.4 -2.3 11.8
-51.3 44.8 15.6 16.0 15.7 9.3
-3.2 0.6 1.4 2.4
-6.1 9.4
10.7 2.4
-2.3 0.3
-5.9 27.8 7.9
-1.0 -18.9 -21.9 24.1 14.4 13.5 0.5
-11.2 -5.5
0.8 -6.1 16.6 14.4 -5.9
-10.2 -12.8
0.1 21.9 -3.3 2.0 1.1
-9.0 5.8
13.9 -5.9 17.7
-38.2 34.4 12.3 12.7 19.7 6.6 1.5
-0.7 8.8 4.9
-9.4 17.5 12.2 -3.4
-13.7 -7.2 0.0
21.1 6.2 2.3
-8.2 -6.9 16.2 11.0 15.4 -1.4
•10.0 •10.8
M
U
Table D2. continued.
Env. Hale YD ED CO KD EL RH
g/plant cm cm cm cm no.
30619 92704 -15.5 -.30 -.10 -.10 -1.30 0.60 30619 92706 28.0 0.40 -.30 0.70 2.20 1.30 30619 92707 -2.6 -.10 -.20 0.10 -0.10 2.10 30619 92708 43.7 -.70 -.40 -.30 -3.30 •0.40 30619 93101 14.3 0.20 -.10 0.30 1.10 0.50 30619 93102 71.4 0.80 0.60 0.20 2.20 -0.60 30619 93104 -8.0 0.10 0.70 -.60 -1.50 0.80 30619 93105 5.0 -.40 -.10 -.40 0.50 -0.60 30619 93501 -39.4 -.50 -.20 -.30 1.20 -0.50 30619 93502 27.4 1.00 0.60 0.50 2.20 1.50 30619 93504 4.3 -.20 0.00 -.10 -2.50 0.80 30619 93505 23.3 0.10 0.00 0.00 2.20 0.20 30619 93506 9.6 0.00 0.20 -.10 -0.50 -0.60 30619 93901 -4.0 -.10 0.50 -.70 -2.30 -0.40 30619 93902 26.9 0.10 0.30 -.10 3.30 0.50 30619 93903 -16.0 0.20 0.40 -.20 0.40 1.20 30619 93906 -17.2 -.10 0.00 -.10 0.70 -1.30 30619 94301 -14.5 0.10 -.10 0.20 -1.00 2.30 30619 94302 31.6 0.30 0.40 -.10 1.40 0.90 30619 94303 24.5 -1.1 -1.0 -.10 •1.00 -0.70 30619 94304 17.0 0.30 0.00 0.20 1.30 2.70 30619 94305 18.2 -.20 0.00 -.30 -0.10 -0.10 30619 94701 •19.1 -.60 -.30 -.50 1.40 -1.60 30619 94702 18.5 -1.0 0.00 -1.0 1.70 0.90 30619 94705 28.2 0.30 0.50 -.20 -0.30 -1.60 30619 95503 30.0 0.30 -.20 0.40 -0.20 0.60 30619 95505 54.0 0.30 0.30 0.00 3.40 1.10 30619 95901 54.0 0.30 -.30 0.50 0.80 0.50 30619 95902 -9.6 0.40 0.20 0.30 -0.50 0.90 30619 95904 36.0 0.80 0.40 0.50 2.60 1.40 30619 226308 29.6 -.20 -.20 0.00 0.70 -0.50 30619 226309 -6.4 -.20 -.10 -.10 -1.00 0.10 30619 226720 -3.4 0.20 0.00 0.20 1.20 0.30 30619 227110 67.6 0.30 0.40 0.00 3.40 -0.30 30619 227511 67.4 1.00 0.50 0.50 1.90 0.70 30619 227512 19.6 0.30 0.20 0.10 0.30 -0.30 30619 228313 -1.0 -.10 0.30 -.40 -0.20 -3.80 30619 228714 3.5 -.20 0.10 -.40 -0.20 -0.90 30619 229115 27.2 0.10 0.20 -.10 2.00 -0.50 30619 229524 8.9 -.30 0.50 -.70 2.60 0.40 30619 229921 22.5 0.30 0.00 0.10 1.20 0.20 30619 230322 51.9 0.50 0.10 0.40 2.90 0.60 30619 230323 45.3 0.40 0.30 0.10 1.00 1.30 30619 230701 34.7 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.70 -0.10 30619 231103 4.2 0.20 0.40 -.20 1.20 -0.50
EP BP RL SL DE PH EH AH SE SO
no. cm cm days days days
-.20 -.10 0.10 -.30 -.10 0.20 -.10 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 -.10 0.10 0.20 -.10 -.20 -.10 -.10 0.00 0.50 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.20 0.20 -.10 0.00 0.30 0.10 -.20 0.20 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.10 -.10 0.00 0.00 -.10 0.00
9.0 5.0
-5.0 25.5 10.0 -20
10.0 -10
-4.5 0.0 0.5 5.0 -10 -14 5.0
15.5 10.0 10.0 0.0 -50 1.0 -10 0.0 -10
-5.0 -15 -20 -15 5.0 0.0 -30 -10
10.5 -11 -15 0.0
-5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
10.0 -5.0 -5.0 5.0 0.0
13.00 0.00 0.00 6.30 2.10 2.80 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
-8.30 4.20 0.00 0.00 0.00
-4.20 -4.20 0.00
-4.20 0.00
12.50 -2.10 8.40 0.00
-9.10 8.40
-12.5 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.90 0.00
-8.30 2.10
-8.30
-8.40 10.60 18.70 -3.00 -5.40 -2.10 6.30 2.20 1.00 4.70
-18.2 7.00 6.30
-8.40 -9.50 0.00 2.10
20.90 -5.10 18.20 4.80
-2.00 -4.00 6.80
-13.1 -10.4 6.90 0.10 9.30 2.00
-12.5 -6.20 -14.6 -0.80 14.90 4.30
12.50 -0.90 13.40 6.30
19.10 -0.40 10.30 -4.10 4.30
0.00 0.00
-4.20 -4.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.20 7.60 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.00
-2.10 2.10 0.00
-5.90 -4.50 -4.20 -4.80 6.30 2.10
-4.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
-2.10 2.20 0.00 0.00 0.00
-4.80 4.20
-4.20 0.00 2.10
-1.80 0.00 0.00 2.10 0.00 2.10
-8.30
6.4 -0.8
-14.3 0.6 0.2
14.7 1.4
-15.3 10.4 1.7
15.7 -7.1 6.6
11.2 1.5 2.1
-3.5 7.7
-28.0 -3.7 0.3
-9.7 31.6 12.8 5.5
10.2 33.0 -5.2 -4.0 5.4 7.6
-3.7 -3.0
-19.2 0.7
-11.9 11.6 -0.3 -7.7 -1.3 -2.9 1.2
-14.6 15.0 13.5
-2.9 -6.5
-11.4 -11.2
0.2 13.2 5.8
-7.2 8.8
-1.1 8.7 1.2 2.3 4.6 2.0 0.5 0.2
20.9 -30.4
0.4 -1 .2 -4.5 26.8 25.3 15.2 10.9 19.1 5.9 3.8 0.3 5.8 2.4 2.7
-14.5 2.5
-3.6 -2.2 -1.9 •1.3 4.7
13.9 2.5 7.4 7.4
16.5
H VO 4^
Table D2. continued.
Env. Hale YD ED CO KD EL RH EP BP RL SL DE PH EH AN SE SD
g/plant cm cm cm cm no. no. X X X X cm cm days days days
30619 231104 31.9 -.10 -.10 0.00 0.60 -0.10 0.20 -15 4.20 -10.4 10.50 -1.3 -2.0 30619 231905 9.4 0.10 -.10 0.30 -0.30 -1.10 0.10 -20 4.20 -6.20 0.00 -4.7 3.2 30619 231916 -3.9 -.50 -.50 0.00 -0.70 -1.30 0.00 0.0 0.00 7.40 0.00 9.4 2.9 30619 232306 •29.0 -.40 -.40 0.00 -0.70 0.40 0.00 0.0 0.00 8.50 8.40 -1.3 -1.3 30619 232707 11.3 -.60 -.10 -.60 -0.30 0.00 0.40 -35 10.40 -8.40 -8.30 0.5 1.7
Table D3. By male, for grain yield (g/plant): Means across environments of epistatic deviations, families (coirbined mean of F1, B73 and Mo17 testcrosses), Fl, B73, and Ho17 testcrosses. Ranks of means are also presented. Ranks for F1, and Ho17 testcrosses are presented both among the 100 means for a given tester and across the 300 mean of all testcrosses.
Male Deviation Mean Rank
Family Mean Rank
Fl Rank among Mean Fl means
B73 Hean
Rank among B73 means
Ho17 Hean
Rank among Hoi7 means
Ranks among 300 testcrosses Fl B73 Mo17
88301 •25.94* 3 108.08 22 116.73 83 93.90 1 113.62 61 209 10 167
88303 11.60 61 110.69 30 106.83 29.5 111.71 32 113.55 60 83.5 138 166
95902 7.84 49 106.11 11 103.50 16 101.33 5 113.51 58 53 34 164
88306 -3.00 24 111.60 39 112.60 63 105.80 16 116.40 72 155 76 201
88701 1.23 34 106.72 15 106.31 28 108.79 23 105.06 30 79 103 67
95904 7.89 50 103.08 4 100.45 7 105.72 15 103.07 25 29 73 47
88703 14.66 70 115.10 67.5 110.22 46 127.60 83 107.50 38 117 277 88
88704 -1.79 26 106.23 12 106.83 29.5 121.47 66 90.40 6 83.5 243 6
228714 7.23 48 106.48 13 104.07 19.5 112.59 36 102.78 23 59.5 154 44
89102 -8.83 11 111.49 37 114.43 72 98.04 3 122.01 83 178 20 246
89103 -13.54 7 112.23 41 116.75 84 101.99 7 117.97 77 210 39 221
89104 -5.78 19 105.58 10 107.51 33 122.13 68 87.11 2 89 249 2
89105 -12.11 8 105.22 8 109.26 42 106.53 18 99.88 18 108 80 28
229115 9.38 58 113.50 51 110.38 47 118.16 58 111.98 54.5 118 222 144.5
89501 0.29 30 109.42 26 109.33 43 108.01 19 110.94 48 110 91 124
89502 -8.07 13 116.92 82 119.61 91 127.43 81 103.72 28 230 275 56
89503 19.65 81 114.76 64 108.21 35 129.48 85 106.59 35 93 280 81
231916 2.51 37 121.36 97 120.53 94 110.99 28 132.58 99 235 125 287
229524 12.99 66 103.42 5 99.09 4 102.28 8 108.89 43 24 41 105
89506 2.49 36 112.25 42 111.42 52 119.66 60 105.67 32 129 231 71
89507 18.62 80 115.14 69.5 108.94 40 117.94 57 118.56 78 106 220 223
89901 -15.15 5 114.12 58 119.17 90 114.62 42 108.57 41 228 182 99.5
Table D3. continued.
Male Deviation Mean Rank
Family Mean Rank
F1 Rank among Mean F1 means
B73 Mean
Rank among B73 means
Hoi 7 Mean
Rank among Hoi7 means
Ranks among 300 testcrosses F1 B73 Mo17
89902 -7.50 14 104.91 7 107.41 32 109.55 24 97.77 15 87 113 19
89903 -8.83 11.5 118.50 88 121.45 96 138.10 97 95.97 11 242 296 13
89904 30.81* 96 111.17 33 100.90 8 136.46 95 96.15 12 30 294 14
90301 16.85 74 107.83 21 102.22 11 122.81 69 98.48 16 40 256 22
90302 -7.03 16 119.68 92 122.03 97 105.88 17 131.15 97 247 77 283
229921 3.56 40 126.53 100 125.35 98 115.73 46 138.53 100 267 194 297
230323 20.06 82 116.28 78 109.60 45 127.69 84 111.57 49.5 114 278 133.5
226720 21.84 85 120.53 95 113.25 69 125.56 77 122.78 90 163 269.5 255
90306 23.93 89 118.68 89 110.71 49 133.50 90 111.85 53 120 289 141.5
230322 23.74 88 107.04 16 99.13 5 116.38 49 105.62 31 25 200 70
230701 17.63 76 119.06 90 113.19 68 121.93 67 122.08 84 162 245 248
231103 -7.40 15 116.30 79 118,77 89 125.25 75 104.89 29 225 266 66
232306 -3.43 22 111.51 38 112.66 65 116.18 48 105.71 33 157 198 72
231905 1.83 35 116.77 81 116.16 80 116.87 54 117.28 75 197 211 214
231104 8.32 53 114.62 62 111.85 57 117.46 55 114.56 66 141.5 216 180
91101 15.28 73 111.24 34 106.15 27 103.46 10 124.12 93 78 52 260
232707 14.03 68 108.95 25 104.28 21 113.84 38 108.75 42 63 171 102
91103 -6.55 18 106.66 14 108.85 39 99.17 4 111.98 54.5 104 26 144.5
91104 14.28 69 109.61 28 104.85 23 135.90 94 88.08 4 65 293 4
226309 -1.92 25 110.85 31 111.49 54 103.16 9 117.90 76 132 48 219
91501 9.36 57 114.52 61 111.40 51 116.55 50 115.61 70 128 204 192
91502 34.56* 98 113.02 47 101.50 9 121.36 64 116.20 71 35 240 199
91503 8.45 54 118.21 87 115.40 77 116.74 53 122.51 86 188.5 209 251
Table D3. continued.
Hate Deviation Fafflily F1 Rank among B73 Rank among Mo17 Rank among Ranks among 300 testcrosses Mean Rank Mean Rank Mean F1 means Mean B73 means Mean Ho17 means F1 B73 Hoi 7
91504 11.82 62 120.00 93 116.06 79 115.27 43 128.67 95 196 186 279
227110 27,36* 93 114.87 65 105.75 26 115.29 44 123.57 91 74 187 257
91901 17.32 75 120.56 96 114.79 75 134.87 92 112.03 56 184 291 148.5
91902 3.92 42 114.29 59 112.99 67 121.34 63 108.56 40 160 238 98
91903 4.50 43 113.41 49.5 111.91 58 134.17 91 94.15 9 143 290 11
227511 14.76 71 113.41 49.5 108.49 36 101.93 6 129.81 96 97 38 281
227512 36.02** 99 111.37 35 99.37 6 103.54 11 131.22 98 27 54 284
91906 27.95* 94 107.75 19.5 98.44 3 137.81 96 87.02 1 21 295 1
92301 1.02 33 114.10 57 113.76 71 115.78 47 112.76 57 170 195 158
228313 5.73 45 113.39 48 111.48 53 103.86 12 124.83 94 131 57 262
92303 -21.06 4 109.60 27 116.62 82 111.25 29 100.93 20 206 127 32
92305 0.46 31 108.72 24 108.57 37 110.91 27 106.69 36 99.5 123 82
226308 15.06 72 116.12 75 111.10 50 117.82 56 119.44 80 126 218 229
92307 0.22 29 102.58 2 102.51 12 111.68 31 93.56 8 42 137 8
92701 11.27 60 112.48 44 108.73 38 141.16 99 87.57 3 101 299 3
92702 12.75 65 116.25 77 112.00 59 114.10 40 122.65 87 146.5 175 252
95901 20.07 83 114.02 55 107.33 31 113.07 37 121.66 82 85 161 244
92704 -10.84 9 117.73 84 121.35 95 108.22 21 123.64 92 239 94 259
95505 33.59* 97 123.81 98 112.62 64 147.26 100 111.57 49.5 156 300 133.5
92707 7.19 47 114.69 63 112.30 62 135.26 93 96.53 13 153 292 16
92708 25.48* 91 112.56 45 104.07 19.5 110.87 26 122.75 89 59.5 122 254
93101 -4.81 20 118.17 86 119.78 92 112.09 35 122.66 88 233 150 253
95503 -9.48 10 111.44 36 114.60 74 125.52 76 94.20 10 181 268 12
Table 03. continued.
Hale Deviation Mean Rank
Family Mean Rank
F1 Rank among Mean F1 means
B73 Rank among Mean 873 means
Hoi7 Rank among Mean No17 means
Ranks among 300 testcrosses F1 B73 Ho17
93104 3.51 39 102.82 3 101.65 10 96.88 2 109.93 47 37 17 116
93105 21.09 84 116.44 80 109.41 44 125.13 73 114.78 67 112 264 183
93501 8.14 52 105.43 9 102.72 13 104.25 14 109.33 44.5 43 62 110
93502 -0.32 28 125.98 99 126.09 100 140.08 98 111.78 52 273 298 140
94705 17.66 77 111.08 32 105.20 24 125.01 72 103.05 24 68 263 46
93505 9.89 59 108.63 23 105.34 25 104.16 13 116.41 73 69 61 202
94702 13.51 67 115.00 66 110.50 48 127.17 80 107.34 37 119 274 86
93901 -28.18* 2 107.52 17 116.92 85 116.60 51 89.06 5 212 205 5
93902 18.32 79 115.14 69.5 109.04 41 114.04 39 122.36 85 107 174 250
94701 12.40 64 111.77 40 107.64 34 114.15 41 113.53 59 90 176 165
94302 21.98 86 101.10 1 93.78 1 108.45 22 101.09 21 9 96 33
93906 -28.87* 1 115.93 74 125.56 99 123.61 70 98.64 17 269.5 258 23
94301 2.95 38 112.61 46 111.63 55 110.81 25 115.40 68 135 121 188.5
89101 7.93 51 115.62 72 112.98 66 124.16 71 109.73 46 159 261 115
94303 -0.51 27 114.31 60 114.48 73 125.20 74 103.25 27 179 265 50
94304 3.88 41 116.99 83 115.70 78 121.43 65 113.85 63.5 193 241 172.5
89107 36.98** 100 115.17 71 102.85 14 133.35 89 109.33 44.5 45 288 110
90303 11.89 63 107.65 18 103.69 17 127.47 82 91.80 7 55 276 7
91505 0.61 32 112.31 43 112.11 60 119.06 59 105.77 34 151 226 75
90703 -3.03 23 113.98 54 114.99 76 126.03 79 100.92 19 185 272 31
92302 5.10 44 113.83 52 112.13 61 115.51 45 113.85 63.5 152 191 172.5
92703 -14.24 6 113.89 53 118.64 88 125.87 78 97.17 14 224 271 18
92706 8.52 55 120.14 94 117.30 86 131.35 87 111.77 51 215 285 139
Table D3. continued.
Male Deviation Hean Rank
Family Hean Rank
F1 Rank among Hean F1 means
B73 Hean
Rank among B73 means
Mo17 Hean
Rank among Hoi7 means
Ranks among 300 testcrosses F1 B73 Ho17
93102 24.05 90 119.67 91 111.66 56 131.94 88 115.43 69 136 286 190
9350A -6.79 17 118.13 85 120.40 93 130.83 86 103.18 26 234 282 49
93506 -3.81 21 116.21 76 117.48 87 112.00 33 119.15 79 217 146.5 227
93903 28.88* 95 114.05 56 104.43 22 120.64 62 117.10 74 64 237 213
91904 25.52* 92 104.86 6 96.36 2 116.63 52 101.61 22 15 207 36
92306 23.67 87 115.67 73 113.66 70 119.74 61 113.63 62 169 232 168
91905 8.78 56 107.75 19.5 103.39 15 111.44 30 108.44 39 51 130 95
94305 18.05 78 110.08 29 103.88 18 112.03 34 114.34 65 58 148.5 177
90701 5.87 46 115.10 67.5 116.54 81 108.18 20 120.58 81 203 92 236
*,** Deviation significantly different from zero at 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels respectively. to O O
Table 04. Triple testcross progeny means across environments.
ENTRY HALE Tester YD ED CD KD EL RN EP BP RL SL DE PH EH AN SE SD
g/plant cm cm cm cm no. no. cm cm days days days
1 88301 F1 116,7 2 88301 B73 93,9 3 88301 Mol7 113.6 4 88303 F1 106,8 5 88303 873 111,7 6 88303 Hoi 7 113.6 7 95902 F1 103,5 8 95902 B73 101,3 9 95902 Hoi 7 113,5
10 88306 F1 112.6 11 88306 B73 105.8 12 88306 Hoi 7 116.4 13 88701 F1 106.3 14 88701 B73 108.8 15 88701 Hoi 7 105.1 16 95904 F1 100.5 17 95904 B73 105.7 18 95904 Hol7 103.1 19 88703 F1 110.2 20 88703 B73 127.6 21 88703 Hoi 7 107.5 22 88704 F1 106.8 23 88704 B73 121.5 24 88704 Hol7 90.4 25 228714 F1 104.1 26 228714 B73 112.6 27 228714 Ho17 102.8 28 89102 F1 114.4 29 89102 B73 98.0 30 89102 Hoi 7 122.0 31 89103 F1 116.8 32 89103 B73 102.0 33 89103 Ho17 118.0 34 89104 F1 107.5 35 89104 B73 122.1 36 89104 Hoi 7 87.1 37 89105 F1 109.3 38 89105 B73 106.5 39 89105 Hoi 7 99.9 40 229115 F1 110.4 41 229115 B73 118.2 42 229115 Hoi 7 112.0 43 89501 F1 109.3 44 89501 873 108.0 45 89501 Hoi 7 110.9
4.A8 4.26 4.24 4.26 4.50 4.22 4.38 4.60 4.28 4.38 4.30 4.16 4.40 4.56 4.10 4.16 4.48 3.98 4.26 4.56 3.94 4.14 4.44 3.90 4.26 4.56 4.08 4.44 4.44 4.30 4.16 4.34 4.08 4.36 4.60 3.94 4.18
,30 .88 .28 .60 ,06
4.26 4.54 4.08
2.76 2.70 2.60 2.66 2.80 2.52 2.72 2.90 2.56 2.76 2.74 2.58 2.70 2.84 2.52 2.64 2.74 2.44 2.56 2.70 2.36 2.52 2.72 2.26 2.60 2.88 2.56 2.72 2.82 2.58 2.48 2.70 2.46 2.68 2.84 2.44 2.58 2.72 2.32 2.56 2.80 2.44 2.66 2.84 2.42
1.78 1.62 1.70 1.68 1.80 1.74 1.68 1.80 1.78 1.66 1.60 1.68 1.72 1.78 1.60 1.64 1.76 1.60 1.78 1.90 1.60 1.70 1.76 1.68 1.72 1.74 1.54 1.78 1.66 1.74 1.74 1.66 1.70 1.74 1.80 1.54 1.62 1.62 1.64 1.76 1.84 1.66 1.64 1.78 1.70
14.36 12.78 16.10 14.58 14.30 16.18 14.08 12.74 16.20 14.28 13.14 16.22 14.44 13.58 15.26 14.08 13.60 16.08 14.54 14.58 16.40 15.18 15.04 15.12 14.32 13.76 15.66 14.62 13.28 16.60 15.64 13.66 16.42 15.42 14.84 15.68 15.12 14.26 16.70 14.92 14.42 16.90 14.32 13.32 16.62
14.80 15.60 13.16 13.90 15.68 12.70 14.34 16.72 12.90 14.84 15.80 13.34 14.58 15.96 13.12 14.18 16.22 12.64 14.24 16.28 12.52 13.40 15.36 11.82 13.56 15.40 12.38 14.56 15.54 13.32 13.82 15.10 12.72 13.56 15.92 12.18 13.34 14.42 12.14 14.18 15.60 12.76 14.12 15.56 12.68
1.04 1.02 0.96 1.02 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.02 1.00 1.04 1.00 0.96 0.96 1.02 1.06 1.00 1.00 1.02 0.94 1.02 1.04 1.02 1.00 1.04 1.02 1.02 1.08 1.00 1.04 1.06 1.00 1.00 0.98 0.98 1.00 1.00 0.96 1.00 1.02 0.98
2.4 2 .1 7.3 1.0 1.0 2.2 0.0 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 2.4 2.0 1.0 2.0 6.0 6.0 0.0 1.0 3.2 2.2 1.0 6.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 1.2 0.0 1.0 0.0 2.0 4.0 0.0 2.0 5.0 2.0 0.0 3.0
0.00 1.68 0.56 0.84 0.42 0.00 0.42 1.74 0.00 1.48 0.00 0.42 0.00 2.50 0.00 2.10 0.46 0.42 0.42 1.26 0.42 0.88 0.42 0.00 0.00 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.12 0.42 0.42 0.00 0.84 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.44 0.00 0.00 0.00
3.30 1.30 5.28 1.32 4.54 5.76 4.66 3.80 4.68 0.84 0.84 3.36 5.40 2.10 6.34 3.00 2.14 2.96 2.82 2.14 2.80 1.94 3.38 4.60 4.88 5.86 5.52 5.84 5.06 9.08 1.26 1.76 3.82 3.70 2.52 5.96 2.32 1.68 1.68 2.94
10.72 5.76 3.14 2.30 5.90
1.70 3.78 0.84 0.00 0.00 1.50 0.42 0.00 1.26 0.00 0.00 0.46 0.42 0.42 2.52 0.00 0.92 2.34 0.78 0.90 1.60 0.44 0.44 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.40 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.42 0.96 0.54 0.00 0.00 1.16 0.42 0.00 0.46 0.42 0.00 1.38 0.00 0.50 0.86
214.8 214.7 218.0 217.3 228.3 212.4 210.1 212.3 201.8 203.9 217.5 203.8 217.2 222.3 205.5 216.1 223.0 214.9 216.7 229.5 210.0 210.4 225.9 197.0 224.5 232.6 218.6 219.2 226.6 219.0 223.0 227.8 219.7 219.4 238.8 211.9 213.2 217.5 204.6 229.7 240.7 216.3 206.4 211.5 202.5
106.6 105.8 108.6 109.8 118.3 106.1 100.9 105.4 99.0
100.6 109.9 99.0
104.8 109.2 98.3
104.7 107.5 102.6 106.1 116.5 104.1 100.0 110.3 93.2
111.2 119.2 108.6 110.8 117.6 113.9 112.6 118.9 110.4 107.8 119.5 102.1 102.6 105.9 97.3
117.3 128.6 107.8 100.2 99.5 95.7
84.0 85.3 83.3 85.7 87.0 84.7 82.2 84.8 83.0 83.2 85.2 82.8 83.5 85.0 81.3 83.2 84.5 82.8 84.5 85.3 83.2 84.0 84.3 83.7 84.8 85.8 86.0 85.8 87.5 85.5 83.8 87.3 84.0 84.5 85.0 84.8 83.7 84.2 83.2 84.5 86.0 84.5 83.0 83.5 81.2
86.3 88.0 86.0 87.5 88.7 87.7 85.3 86.7 86.5 86.2 86.8 85.8 87.3 87.0 84.0 86.7 87.5 86.3 87.0 87.0 86.7 86.5 86.0 88.0 87.8 87.2 88.5 88.5 89.3 87.2 86.5 89.2 87.7 87.3 87.8 88.3 86.3 87.0 86.5 87.2 87.8 88.5 85.0 85.5 84.0
2.3 2.7 2.7 1.8 1.7 3.0 3.2 1.8 3.5 3.0 1.7 3.0 3.8 2.0 2.7 3.5 3.0 3.5 2.5 1.7 3.5 2.5 1.7 4.3 3.0 1.3 2.5 2.7 1.8 1.7 2.7 1.8 3.7 2.8 2.8 3.5 2.7 2.8 3.3 2.7 1.8 4.0 2.0 2.0 2.8
to O H
Table 04. continued.
ENTRY HALE Tester YD ED CD
g/plant cm cm
KD
cm
EL
cm
RN
no.
EP
no.
BP RL SL
X
DE PH
cm
EH AN SE SD
cm days days days
46 89502 F1 119.6 47 89502 B73 127.4 48 89502 Hoi 7 103.7 49 89503 F1 108.2 50 89503 B73 129.5 51 89503 Mo17 106.6 52 231916 F1 120.5 53 231916 873 111.0 54 231916 Mo17 132.6 55 229524 F1 99.1 56 229524 B73 102.3 57 229524 Hoi 7 108.9 58 89506 F1 111.4 59 89506 B73 119.7 60 89506 Ho17 105.7 61 89507 F1 108.9 62 89507 B73 117.9 63 89507 Hoi 7 118.6 64 89901 F1 119.2 65 89901 B73 114.6 66 89901 Hoi 7 108.6 67 89902 F1 107.4 68 89902 B73 109.6 69 89902 Hoi 7 97.8 70 89903 F1 121.5 71 89903 B73 138.1 72 89903 Hoi 7 96.0 73 89904 F1 100.9 74 89904 B73 136.5 75 89904 Hoi 7 96.2 76 90301 F1 102.2 77 90301 B73 122.8 78 90301 Hoi 7 98.5 79 90302 F1 122.0 80 90302 B73 105.9 81 90302 Hoi 7 131.2 82 229921 F1 125.4 83 229921 B73 115.7 84 229921 Hol7 138.5 85 230323 F1 109.6 86 230323 B73 127.7 87 230323 Hoi 7 111.6 88 226720 F1 113.3 89 226720 B73 125.6 90 226720 Hoi 7 122.8
4.26 4.44 3.90 4.24 4.50 3.98 4.32 4.38 4.18 4.28 4.54 4.12 4.30 4.66 4.00 4.26 4.52 4.16 4.30 4.44 3.96 4.28 4.48 3.96 4.34 4.62 4.00 4.06 4.48 3.86 4.10 4.44 3.94 4.40 4.38 4.26 4.40 4.38 4.28 4.24 4.48 4.02 4.32 4.68 4.24
2.58 2.72 2.28 2.64 2.60 2.38 2.68 2.74 2.56 2.56 2.98 2.46 2.66 2.86 2.48 2.64 2.86 2.50 2.72 2.86 2.52 2.66 2.88 2.46 2.64 2.76 2.40 2.58 2.68 2.32 2.56 2.74 2.42 2.74 2.86 2.66 2.72 2.76 2.62 2.60 2.78 2.44 2.68 2.88 2.60
1.68 1.74 1.68 1.66 1.94 1.66 1.70 1.72 1.68 1.76 1.64 1.70 1.68 1.80 1.60 1.66 1.74 1.74 1.64 1.66 1.48 1.72 1.68 1.56 1.76 1.94 1.64 1.52 1.84 1.58 1.60 1.74 1.56 1.74 1.56 1.70 1.74 1.76 1.68 1.68 1.72 1.62 1.68 1.84 1.68
15,78 15.40 16.18 15.24 14.54 15.30 15.42 14.26 16.84 13.88 13.62 15.76 14.30 13.78 15.92 14.76 13.76 16.88 16.12 14.68 16.34 13.98 13.08 15.24 14.92 14.32 14.48 14.46 15.36 15.44 14.56 14.52 15.82 15.14 13.84 17.44 15.34 14.16 17.66 15.40 14.42 16.30 15.00 14.22 17.40
13.44 15.02 11.78 14.18 16.08 13.02 15.04 16.64 13.22 14.34 16.36 12.76 14.30 16.62 13.02 14.74 16.38 13.14 14.02 16.22 12.80 14.32 16.36 12.70 14.46 16.54 12.50 13.14 14.88 11.92 14.42 16.16 12.70 14.20 16.14 13.38 14.56 16.20 13.84 13.86 15.80 12.74 14.90 16.40 13.42
1.00 1.00 1.00 0.98 1.04 0.96 1.00 0.98 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.98 1.00 1.00 1.02 1.00 1.02 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.98 1.04 1.04 1.00 0.98 1.04 0.98 0.98 1.00 0.96 1.02 1.00 1.00 1.02 1.06 1.02 0.98 1.04 1.00 0.98 1.06 1.00
1.0 1.1 2.0 3.0 1.0 5.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 0.0 1.1 0.0 0.0 4.1 5.1 0.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 5.3 3.4 1.0 4.1 5.2 0.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 2.1 1.0 0.0 2.0 4.0 1.0 1.4 2.0 2.1 1.1
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.00 0.00 0.42 0.84 0.42 0.56 0.00 1.26 0.00 0.00 1.68 0.00 1.26 0.00 0.42 1.68 0.84 0.84 0.00 0.42 0.46 1.26 1.26 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.42 0.00 5.08 0.00 1.44 3.76 1.88 3.36 1.26 0.00 0.84 3.78 0.00
6.02 2.94 5.82 4.94 4.02 7.00 5.04 3.46 6.18 4.44 2.10 2.10 5.64 5.22 6.78 3.92 7.54 5.02 5.94 5.06 3.82 5.50 2.16 7.46 3.78 2.28 3.82 4.28 2.94 3.94 3.36 2.16 4.06 4.62 2.10 2.94 2.98 3.12 8.76 3.38 2.28 3.74 5.98 5.88 8.70
0.50 0.78 1.80 0.68 1.72 0.46 0.96 1.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.60 0.42 0.00 0.50 0.00 0.00 2.40 0.42 0.86 0.84 0.84 0.84 3.10 0.90 0.96 3.02 1.56 0.00 2.48 0.00 0.00 1.88 0.00 0.42 0.84 0.00 0.00 0.62 0.00 0.00 1.44 0.00 0.42 0.94
208.5 223.5 209.0 211.4 222.7 207.5 214.9 216.7 209.2 215.3 216.6 210.5 206.2 224.0 206.1 213.1 226.4 207.6 221.8 218.1 202.2 217.2 227.6 206.7 219.4 236.2 211.2 218.5 242.5 212.0 211.0 217.6 196.3 229.8 212.9 212.0 222.3 226.8 219.4 234.6 235.3 207.3 230.7 233.4 225.0
99.6 110.9 105.2 103.4 112.0 102.6 109.1 108.3 105.6 100.2 103.0 97.6
106.0 116.6 103.2 106.3 116.3 104.4 113.4 106.3 99.9
109.0 116.2 102.3 111.8 121.6 107.5 108.6 122.6 105.9 100.8 110.1 94.3
114.2 103.0 103.2 112.3 121.9 109.6 118.5 123.9 101.0 119.7 125.6 116.9
83.3 84.0 84.2 82.0 84.0 83.5 83.7 84.8 84.2 84.2 85.5 83.8 83.5 83.8 84.8 83.5 84.0 83.7 84.3 82.3 82.0 81.0 83.7 80.8 83.0 84.5 84.2 82.5 84.0 83.5 82.3 83.2 81.3 84.0 84.5 83.3 82.0 85.2 81.8 82.8 84.7 83.2 84.8 85.3 84.2
85.5 2.2 85.7 1.7 86.3 2.2 83.8 1.8 85.5 1.5 86.5 3.0 86.0 2.3 86.5 1.7 86.0 1.8 87.7 3.5 87.8 2.3 87.3 3.5 85.0 1.5 85.7 1.8 87.5 2.7 84.8 1.3 85.8 1.8 86.0 2.3 86.5 2.2 84.7 2.3 85.3 3.3 83.7 2.7 85.8 2.2 83.2 2.3 86.2 3.2 85.7 1.2 87.3 3.2 85.5 3.0 85.2 1.2 86.0 2.5 84.8 2.5 85.3 2.2 83.8 2.5 86.3 2.3 86.8 2.3 85.8 2.5 84.3 2.0 86.0 0.8 84.5 2.7 85.3 2.5 86.5 1.8 86.7 3.5 86.8 2.0 87.0 1.7 87.2 3.0
O to
Table D4. continued.
ENTRY MALE Tester YD ED CD KD
g/plant cm cm cm
91 90306 F1 110,7 4.32 2.62 1 .70 92 90306 B73 133.5 4.60 2.76 1 .90 93 90306 Mo17 111.9 4.02 2.44 1 .66 94 230322 F1 99.1 4.14 2.58 1 .58 95 230322 B73 116.4 4.50 2.78 1 .78 96 230322 Hoi 7 105.6 3.98 2.36 1 .66 97 230701 F1 113.2 4.30 2.60 1 .74 98 230701 B73 121.9 4.56 2.82 1 .76 99 230701 Hoi 7 122.1 4.02 2.50 1 .58
100 231103 F1 118.8 4.32 2.62 1 .76 101 231103 B73 125.3 4.46 2.80 1 .72 102 231103 Hoi 7 104.9 4.02 2.48 1.60 103 232306 F1 112.7 4.20 2.62 1 .66 104 232306 B73 116.2 4.42 2.76 1 .70 105 232306 Hoi 7 105.7 4.06 2.40 1 .68 106 231905 F1 116.2 4.24 2.58 1 .70 107 231905 B73 116.9 4.46 2.70 1 .82 108 231905 Hoi 7 117.3 4.08 2.48 1 .62 109 231104 F1 111.9 4.32 2.62 1 .74 110 231104 B73 117.5 4.50 2.86 1 .68 111 231104 Hoi 7 114.6 4.10 2.44 1 .70 112 91101 F1 106.2 4.28 2.76 1 .58 113 91101 B73 103.5 4.42 2.86 1 .64 114 91101 Hoi 7 124.1 4.30 2.68 1 .68 115 232707 F1 104.3 4.36 2.78 1 .66 116 232707 B73 113.8 4.38 2.88 1 .56 117 232707 Hoi 7 108.8 4.04 2.62 1 .48 118 91103 F1 108.9 4.18 2.64 1 .58 119 91103 B73 99.2 4.40 2.80 1 .62 120 91103 Hoi 7 112.0 3.92 2.48 1 .54 121 91104 F1 104.9 4.26 2.62 1 .68 122 91104 B73 135.9 4.58 2.78 1, .86 123 91104 Hoi 7 88.1 3.82 2.34 1 .50 124 226309 F1 111.5 4.26 2.62 1 .64 125 226309 B73 103.2 4.32 2.82 1, .56 126 226309 Ho17 117.9 4.08 2.54 1, .58 127 91501 F1 111.4 4.34 2.64 1, .76 128 91501 B73 116.6 4.48 2.84 1, .64 129 91501 Hoi 7 115.6 4.12 2.54 1, .64 130 91502 F1 101.5 4.08 2.66 1, .46 131 91502 B73 121.4 4.54 2.82 1, .80 ' 132 91502 Hoi 7 116.2 3.96 2.48 1, .52 133 91503 F1 115.4 4.36 2.68 1, .74 134 91503 B73 116.7 4.48 2.86 1, .68
EL
cm
RN
no.
EP
no.
BP RL SL DE
X
PH
cm
EH AN SE SD
cm days days days
14.64 14.38 15.46 13.54 13.62 15.58 14.84 14.24 16.72 15.36 14.80 16.92 14.78 13.94 16.26 15.50 14.32 17.04 14.56 14.22 16.08 14.24 13.06 16.58 15.08 14.24 16.10 14.68 13.32 16.38 14.48 15.06 15.96 14.92 13.46 16.98 15.04 14.06 16.20 14.92 14.00 16.58 14.60 14.26
13.78 15.40 12.70 13.92 15.44 12.96 13.98 15.76 12.46 14.56 15.76 12.50 14.34 16.04 13.08 14.36 15.66 12.72 14.04 15.50 12.50 15.00 17.30 13.78 15.24 17.38 13.26 13.92 15.30 12.34 13.98 16.20 12.06 14.36 15.98 13.26 14.46 15.94 13.26 13.34 14.98 12.14 14.30 15.66
1.02 1.00 1.00 1.02 1.04 1.00 1.06 1.04 1.04 1.02 1.02 0.98 1.00 1.00 0.98 1.04 1.00 1.00 1.02 1.02 1.00 0.96 1.00 0.98 0.96 1.00 1.00 0.96 1.00 0.98 1.00 1.00 0.94 1.00 1.02 1.00 1.02 1.02 1.00 0.96 1.00 0.96 1.02 1.04
2.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.1 2.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 6.3 1.1 0.0 5.0 3.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 2.0 7.0 2.0 2.0 5.0 0.0 1.0 4.0 2.0 2.0 5.0 0.0 9.4 2.0 1.0 0.0 2.2 0.0 1.0 8.0 1.0 5.0 1.0 1.0
1.72 2.94 0.88 0.00 1.26 0.42 0.96 4.60 0.42 2.52 2.10 0.00 1.26 0.42 0.84 0.42 0.84 0.00 0.42 1.26 0.00 0.42 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.08 0.84 5.44 2.92 0.00 0.42 1.26 0.00 1.68 0.42 0.00 0.00 0.42 0.50 0.42 0.92 0.00 0.00 1.68
2.54 3.36 8.36 6.72 3.80 6.24 6.90 5.70 2.94 5.88 4.66 6.24 2.52 3.42 9.14 5.88 3.02 5.66 4.36 2.36 4.70 2.94 1.26 6.02 6.76 8.86 6.30 3.36 4.26 3.84 2.28 1.68 3.14 5.24 2.96 5.80 4.06 3.36 6.08 2.66 2.66 2.28 7.06 5.04
2.00 0.00 0.54 0.00 0.42 0.72 0.00 0.42 1.36 0.84 0.42 0.48 0.00 1.26 3.62 0.42 0.00 3.58 0.00 0.46 3.94 0.84 0.42 1.30 0.84 0.00 1.26 0.42 0.00 0.00 0.84 0.00 2.80 1.02 0.00 0.48 0.90 0.84 0.86 0.84 0.78 3.16 0.00 0.00
222.4 232.1 214.5 216.8 237.0 208.9 237.0 247.7 226.4 228.1 244.9 216.8 223.2 231.8 216.4 230.3 233.4 218.3 222.6 227.4 215.4 213.9 219.6 216.2 223.7 235.9 215.1 222.9 223.6 214.6 222.4 231.3 206.4 219.1 222.0 212.4 214.0 223.8 214.9 215.1 218.9 214.4 215.9 213.2
116.5 126.4 111.4 106.0 126.3 100.9 121.6 131.9 113.2 117.1 127.6 107.8 110.9 117.6 108.7 117.5 120.5 113.0 115.0 116.8 111.6 106.4 110.1 110.0 109.8 122.0 109.9 114.7 116.6 110.3 111.0 115.5 97.1
110.3 112.S 104.8 106.3 114.0 107.1 104.3 105.1 101.7 106.0 104.3
83.5 83.7 82.3 81.7 85.0 83.0 85.2 86.0 83.8 84.0 84.5 83.5 84.2 84.5 82.7 85.2 85.7 84.0 84.7 84.8 83.7 83.0 84.7 81.7 84.5 86.2 83.7 84.0 84.8 83.2 85.0 84.7 83.5 83.3 83.5 82.0 84.2 83.0 83.0 81.7 81.2 81.5 82.3 83.3
85.8 85.5 85.3 84.5 86.7 85.8 88.0 87.8 87.0 86.3 86.5 87.5 86.7 86.3 85.3 87.5 87.3 86.7 86.3 86.8 86.8 85.7 86.5 84.7 88.3 88.3 87.5 86.2 86.3 85.8 87.3 86.7 87.2 85.7 86.5 83.3 86.7 85.3 85.5 83.3 83.7 85.0 84.5 85.2
2.3 1.8 3.0 2.8 1.7 2.8 2.8 1.8 3.2 2.3 2.0 4.0 2.5 1.8 2.7 2.3 1.7 2.7 1.7 2.0 3.2 2.7 1.8 3.0 3.8 2.2 3.8 2.2 1.5 2.7 2.3 2.0 3.7 2.3 3.0 1.3 2.5 2.3 2.5 1.7 2.5 3.5 2.2 1.8
(O O U
Table D4. continued.
ENTRY MALE Tester YD ED CD KD EL RN EP BP RL SL DE PH EH AN SE SD
g/plant cm cm cm cm no. no. cm cm days days days
135 91503 Hoi 7 122.5 136 91504 F1 116.1 137 91504 873 115.3 138 91504 Hoi 7 128.7 139 227110 F1 105.8 140 227110 B73 115.3 141 227110 Hoi 7 123.6 142 91901 F1 114.8 143 91901 B73 134.9 144 91901 Hoi 7 112.0 145 91902 F1 113.0 146 91902 873 121.3 147 91902 Hoi 7 108.6 148 91903 F1 111.9 149 91903 B73 134.2 150 91903 Ho17 94.2 151 227511 F1 108.5 152 227511 B73 101.9 153 227511 Hoi 7 129.8 154 227512 F1 99,4 155 227512 B73 103.5 156 227512 Hoi 7 131.2 157 91906 F1 98.4 158 91906 B73 137.8 159 91906 Hoi 7 87.0 : 160 92301 F1 113.8 161 92301 B73 115.8 . 162 92301 Hoi 7 112.8 163 228313 F1 111.5 . 164 228313 B73 103.9 . 165 228313 Ho17 124.8 ' 166 92303 F1 116.6 ' 167 92303 B73 111.3 ' 168 92303 Hoi 7 100.9 : 169 92305 F1 108.6 ' 170 92305 B73 110.9 1 171 92305 Hoi 7 106.7 . 172 226308 F1 111.1 ' 173 226308 B73 117.8 . 174 226308 Ho17 119.4 i 175 92307 F1 102.5 1 176 92307 B73 111.7 ' 177 92307 Hoi 7 93.6 i 178 92701 F1 108.7 ' 179 92701 B73 141.2 ' 180 92701 Hoi 7 87.6 :
4.20 4.36 4.48 4.18 4.28 4.60 4.12 4.38 4.72 4.12 4.28 4.66 4.06 4.18 4.48 3.80 4.40 4.50 4.26 4.32 4.54 4.30 4.14 4.68 3.82 4.44 4.66 4.14 4.28 4.38 4.18 4.36 4.48 3.96 4.38 4.58 4.02 4.32 4.60 4.10 4.24 4.58 4.08 4.14 4.60 3.62
2.54 2.68 2.88 2.50 2.66 2.90 2.60 2.70 2.98 2.50 2.66 2.78 2.46 2.58 2.78 2.38 2.78 2.96 2.62 2.74 2.86 2.58 2.58 2.84 2.36 2.78 2.86 2.62 2.66 2.88 2.58 2.72 2.80 2.46 2.56 2.82 2.56 2.72 2.86 2.54 2.74 2.84 2.52 2.54 2.80 2.30
1.70 1.72 1.68 1.74 1.68 1.72 1.60 1.70 1.80 1.70 1.64 1.92 1.66 1.62 1.82 1.42 1.68 1.60 1.72 1.64 1.70 1.80 1.58 1.88 1.52 1.68 1.82 1.58 1.70 1.60 1.62 1.70 1.72 1.58 1.86 1.76 1.52 1.68 1.78 1.64 1.56 1.74 1.60 1.64 1.84 1.36
15.90 14.94 14.22 17.34 14.10 13.68 16.78 14.34 14.30 16.62 14.84 14.14 16.14 15.64 15.98 16.36 14.76 13.08 17.54 13.80 13.02 16.88 14.08 14.74 14.78 14.66 13.30 15.88 15.16 13.30 17.20 15.46 13.90 15.70 14.24 13.36 16.10 14.96 13.74 16.74 14.28 13.44 15.04 14.96 15.20 15.46
12.94 14.26 15.34 12.76 15.32 17.40 13.14 14.68 16.76 13.28 13.94 15.78 12.64 12.96 14.16 11.42 15.38 16.42 13.76 14.68 16.22 13.60 14.16 16.24 12.44 14.94 16.56 13.80 14.10 14.84 12.14 14.74 15.62 13.54 14.62 16.64 13.14 14.86 16.32 12.78 15.10 16.72 13.48 14.04 15.42 12.32
1.02 1.02 1.04 1.04 1.00 1.02 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.96 0.96 1.02 0.96 1.02 1.04 1.00 1.00 1.02 1.00 1.04 0.98 1.02 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.94 1.00 0.98 1.04 1.02 0.98 0.98 1.02 1.00 1.02 1.04 1.02 0.98 1.00 1.02 0.96 1.00 0.98 1.02 1.02 1.02
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.1 1.0 2.0 2.0 0.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 1.0 0.0 3.0 3.0 1.0 3.0 1.0 1.0 6.0 1.4 3.2 1.0 0.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 2,0 4.0 0.0 1.0 5.0 0.0 4.0 2.1 0.0 0.0
0.48 1.26 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.84 0.00 2.52 5.28 0.42 0.90 0.84 1.26 1.02 0.42 0.84 0.92 0.42 0.00 0.00 1.26 0.84 0.84 0.00 0.00 1.26 3.44 0.00 2.10 0.42 0.00 0,00 0.42 0.00 0.00 0.84 0,00 1.26 5.02 0.84 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4.00 4.16 8.34
12,02 3.22 4.12 5.10 6.76 5.64 9.86 1.34 0.72 3.12 4.28 3.78 6.42 5.36 8.90 6.00 5.46 7.38 5.44 4.26 3.38 4.88 4.88 5.82 3.26 5.00 6.24 6.30 6.58 4.24 6.14 2.26 4.20 3.24 8.12 3.36 4.70 2.28 2.14 3.16 5.64 1.44 8.82
0.56 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.90 0.00 1.14 1.28 0.78 3.86 0.00 0,00 1,80 0.00 0.00 0.88 0.42 1.26 2.20 0.84 0.62 3.18 0.00 0.00 0.46 1.86 0,62 2.98 0.00 0.72 0.42 0.00 0.00 1.26 0.00 0.00 1.72 0.92 0.00 1.84 0.00 1.76 0.86 2.34 0.00 1.46
212.4 226.8 237.7 227.5 224.6 223.7 215.9 225.0 228.7 214.8 206.9 211.9 205.3 216.1 226.4 202.2 222.3 229.4 220.1 227.6 232,8 226.3 210.5 229.1 203.8 215.3 221.6 213.9 233.2 243.1 229.6 222.0 226.3 215.2 219.0 227.5 214.4 233.9 247.9 229.5 213.1 223.0 206.1 206.7 211.2 202.2
105.6 119.1 130.2 122.6 112.6 109.7 105.7 115.5 115.4 109.4 101,9 104.3 101.5 110.0 117.8 100.9 118.0 122.5 115.8 116.6 124.4 116.5 105.3 117.4 102.9 109.6 109.5 106.9 120.8 127.8 119.0 113.9 118,0 111.2 107.4 111.1 104.7 120.8 134.3 117.2 106.3 114.5 101.3 99.5
103.4 99.9
81.8 84.8 85.5 84.3 84.2 84.2 83.2 82.8 85.2 82.7 82.3 84.0 81,5 82.8 84,3 83.7 85.5 86.8 84.7 84.7 86.2 83,3 83.2 85.0 84.8 82.7 83.8 83,0 85,0 87.0 85.2 85.2 84,7 84.5 82.2 82.5 84.3 84.2 85.7 84.0 83.3 84.8 82.0 81.3 81.7 82.8
85,0 87.0 86.8 85.8 86.3 85.8 85.2 85.3 86.7 85.0 85.7 85.7 83.3 85,5 86.2 86,3 87.3 88.0 86.8 86.5 87.7 86.0 86.0 86.5 88.0 85.2 85.8 86.0 87.2 88.0 87.3 87.0 86.5 87.0 85.5 86.0 86.7 86.8 87.2 87.0 86.2 86.8 85.8 84.2 82.8 85.7
3.2 2.2 1.3 1.5 2.2 1.7 2.0 2.5 1.5 2.3 3.3 1.7 1.8 2.7 1.8 2.7 1.8 1.2 2.2 1.8 1.5 2.7 2.8 1.5 3.2 2.5 2,0 3,0 2.2 1.0 2,2 1.8 1.8 2.5 3.3 3.5 2.3 2.7 1.5 3.0 2.8 2.0 3.8 2.8 1.2 2.8
to O > 1 : ^
Table D4. continued.
ENTRY HALE Tester YD EO CD KD EL RN EP BP RL SL DE PH EH AN SE SO
g/plant cm cm cm cm no. no. cm cm days days days
181 92702 F1 112.0 182 92702 B73 114.1 183 92702 Ho17 122,7 184 95901 F1 107.3 185 95901 B73 113.1 186 95901 Hoi 7 121.7 187 92704 F1 121.4 188 92704 B73 108.2 189 92704 Hoi 7 123,6 190 95505 F1 112.6 191 95505 B73 147.3 192 95505 Hoi 7 111.6 193 92707 F1 112,3 194 92707 B73 135.3 195 92707 Hoi 7 96.5 196 92708 F1 104,1 197 92708 B73 110.9 198 92708 Hoi 7 122.8 199 93101 F1 119.8 200 93101 B73 112,1 201 93101 Hoi 7 122,7 202 95503 F1 114.6 203 95503 B73 125.5 . 204 95503 Hoi 7 94.2 : 205 93104 F1 101.7 . 206 93104 B73 96.9 ' 207 93104 Ho17 109.9 -208 93105 F1 109.4 / 209 93105 B73 125.1 ' 210 93105 Hoi 7 114.8 ' 211 93501 F1 102.7 ' 212 93501 B73 104.3 i 213 93501 Ho17 109.3 1 214 93502 F1 126.1 ' 215 93502 B73 140.1 ' 216 93502 Ho17 111.8 -217 94705 F1 105.2 ' 218 94705 873 125.0 -219 94705 Hoi 7 103.1 : 220 93505 F1 105.3 ' 221 93505 B73 104.2 ' 222 93505 Hoi 7 116,4 ' 223 94702 F1 110.5 ( 224 94702 B73 127.2 ' 225 94702 Hoi 7 107.3 :
4.44 4.68 4.20 4.24 4.44 4.16 4.40 4.60 4.32 4.26 4.66 4.02 4.20 4.60 3.86 4.34 4.56 4.04 4.34 4.58 4.12 4.36 4.60 3.90 4.22 4.38 4.14 4.36 4.62 4.20 4.18 4.28 4.08 4.40 4.76 4.34 4.18 4.50 3.96 4.32 4.50 4.14 4.38 4.64 3.90
2.66 2.92 2.58 2.76 2.84 2.44 2.68 2.90 2.42 2.64 2.86 2.52 2.62 2.88 2.38 2.76 2.90 2.48 2.74 2.86 2.58 2.64 2.82 2.26 2.60 2.84 2.60 2.64 2.88 2.48 2.62 2.70 2.48 2.74 2.96 2.64 2.66 2.88 2.56 2.80 2.88 2.56 2.68 2.84 2.44
1.80 1.84 1.68 1.58 1.64 1.74 1.76 1.74 1.92 1.62 1.82 1.58 1.62 1.74 1.56 1.60 1.76 1.58 1.66 1.78 1.62 1.78 1.86 1.66 1.64 1.64 1.60 1.72 1.82 1.74 1.60 1.58 1.62 1.74 1.86 1.72 1.56 1.66 1.48 1.60 1.70 1.64 1.76 1.86 1.54
13.86 12.82 15.90 14.96 13.26 16.64 14.86 13.60 16.22 14.96 15.78 15.56 15.08 15.08 15.64 14.86 13.68 16.34 14.80 13.10 16.74 15.22 14.12 15.32 14.48 13.48 15.58 14.70 14.70 16.44 14.26 13.96 15.98 14.66 15.18 15.30 15.46 14.96 16.10 14.42 13.46 15.96 14.84 14.66 16.48
15.58 17.12 13.66 14.32 15.90 13.04 15.40 16.94 14.32 13.72 16.10 12.60 14.10 16.56 12.74 14.50 16.28 12.76 15.04 16.68 13.50 14.06 15.82 12.42 13.94 15.82 13.08 13.98 15.98 12.72 14.16 15.70 12.90 15.60 17.84 14.34 14.14 15.16 12.26 14.34 15.48 12.92 14.12 16.24 12.48
0.98 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.98 0.96 1.00 0.98 1.08 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.00 0.94 0.94 0.92 1.04 1.02 1.00 0.98 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.98 1.00 0.98 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.02 1.02 1.02 0.98 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.04 1.02 1.00 0.98 1.00 0.98
5.0 0.0 1.0 4.0 2.0 2.0 4.1 5.0 5.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 7.8 8.0
10.5 0.0 1.0 2.2 3.1 2.0 0.0 0.0 5.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 4.0 3.0 1.1 2.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 3.2 0.0 4.0
0.42 0.00 0.00 2.10 0.84 0.00 2.10 2.60 0.84 0.88 1.84 0.42 1.68 0.00 0.42 0.00 1.26 0.00 0.00 0.42 0.84 0.42 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.42 0.48 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.44 0.00 0.00
.00
.84
.18
.00
.30 0.00 0.00
3.02 1.26 3.90 5.38 1.76 2.28 4.36 2.66 4.54 3.16 3.10 3.54 3.78 3.80 7.10 3.98 1.68 5.48 2.52 2.56 3.36 6.80 3.50 5.46 2.94 1.62 3.10 5.44 4.42 5.18 1.82 4.56 3.22 5.44 2.10 6.02 5.08 1.86 3.36 4.50 5.38
11.38 2.60 5.90 6.48
1.26 0.00 0.84 0.00 0.00 1.90 0.44 0.00 1.92 0.00 1.28 0.00 0.42 0.42 1.50 1.26 0.00 0.00 0.54 1.26 1.12 0.00 0.00 0.96 0.42 0.00 0.84 0.00 0.68 2.70 0.92 1.88 1.80 0.84 0.44 2.46 0.42 0.00 2.10 0.44 0.68 0.00 1.30 0.42 3.48
221.2 234.4 217.3 216.4 216.2 210.3 223.1 232.1 221.4 212.2 230.8 208.3 219.0 226.6 205.0 223.5 233.4 218.7 219.7 229.1 214.8 205.9 217.7 198.1 218.8 222.8 214.3 216.6 226.6 207.9 213.8 225.7 210.2 224.8 226.9 219.5 219.1 228.1 217.4 232.7 236.8 232.2 220.7 229.2 216.3
111,5 116.9 109.4 106.7 105.2 102.5 113.5 118.7 110.7 103.9 117.4 101.1 111.6 115.3 103.5 111.2 115.9 107.8 112.1 119.9 108.4 99.0
106,3 97.7
107.5 111.5 104.3 110.6 117.8 99.8
107.1 116.8 103.7 116.7 116.6 112.5 105.7 115.4 107.8 120.3 127.1 125.4 107.0 115.5 108.3
82.7 83.0 82.0 81.5 83.5 82.7 82.8 85.5 82.2 81.7 84.8 81.8 83.3 83.5 83.8 83.5 84.3 83.7 82.5 84.0 82.5 82,0 82,5 83,5 83.2 84.7 82.0 83.5 83.5 85.0 83.5 86.2 82.2 82.7 85.0 83.5 84.7 86.3 85.8 84,7 87.0 86.2 82,3 83.5 84.0
85.8 85.3 84.8 83.3 85.2 85.0 86,2 87.5 85.3 84.5 85.8 84.2 86,7 85.7 87.2 87.2 87.3 87.3 84.8 85,5 84.3 85.0 85.5 86,5 86.0 86,5 85.8 86.3 85.2 87.2 86,5 87.7 85.3 85.8 86.2 87.0 88.3 88.7 89.2 88.3 88.7 88.5 85.3 85,5 86.5
3.2 2.3 2.8 1.8 1.7 2.3 3,3 2.0 3.2 2.8 1,0 2.3 3,3 2,2 3.3 3,7 3,0 3.7 2,3 1.5 1.8 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.8 1.8 3.8 2.8 1.7 2 .2 3.0 1.5 3.2 3.2 1.2 3.5 3.7 2.3 3.3 3.7 1.7 2.3 3.0 2.0 2.5
to o U1
Table 04. continued.
ENTRY HALE Tester YD ED CD
g/ptant cm cm
KD
cm
EL
cm
RH
no.
EP
no.
BP
X
RL
X
SL
X
DE
X
PH
cm
EH AN SE SD
cm days days days
226 93901 F1 116.9 227 93901 B73 116.6 228 93901 Hoi 7 89.1 229 93902 F1 109.0 230 93902 B73 114.0 231 93902 Hoi 7 122.4 232 94701 F1 107.6 233 94701 B73 114.2 234 94701 Hol7 113.5 235 94302 F1 93.8 236 94302 B73 108.5 237 94302 Hoi 7 101.1 238 93906 F1 125.6 239 93906 B73 123.6 240 93906 Hoi 7 98.6 241 94301 F1 111.6 242 94301 B73 110.8 243 94301 Hoi 7 115.4 244 89101 F1 113.0 245 89101 B73 124.2 246 89101 Hoi 7 109.7 247 94303 F1 114.5 248 94303 B73 125.2 249 94303 Hoi 7 103.3 250 94304 F1 115.7 251 94304 B73 121.4 252 94304 Mo17 113.9 . 253 89107 F1 102.9 254 89107 B73 133.4 255 89107 Hoi 7 109.3 : 256 90303 F1 103.7 257 90303 B73 127.5 • 258 90303 Hol7 91.8 . 259 91505 F1 112.1 . 260 91505 873 119.1 . 261 91505 Hoi 7 105.8 . 262 90703 F1 115.0 ' 263 90703 B73 126.0 ' 264 90703 Ho17 100.9 : 265 92302 F1 112.1 ' 266 92302 B73 115.5 . 267 92302 Hoi 7 113.9 : 268 92703 F1 118.6 ' 269 92703 B73 125.9 -270 92703 Hoi 7 97.2 :
4.20 4.48 3.80 4.22 4.48 4.14 4.22 4.44 3.96 4.28 4.70 4.18 4.32 4.72 3.92 4.18 4.26 4.02 4.36 4.60 4.10 4.52 4.42 4.04 4.26 4.44 4.08 4.16 4.40 3.92 4.44 4.70 4.00 4.40 4.54 4.10 4.14 4.40 3.92 4.32 4.46 3.98 4.22 4.42 3.98
2.58 2.82 2.34 2.62 2.86 2.50 2.62 2.86 2.50 2.76 3.04 2.60 2.68 3.00 2.48 2.64 2.80 2.56 2.72 2.78 2.46 2.72 2.72 2.42 2.66 2.80 2.42 2.50 2.72 2.38 2.72 2.90 2.40 2.66 2.82 2.54 2.54 2.78 2.40 2.66 2.86 2.48 2.64 2.84 2.46
1.70 1.70 1.52 1.68 1.68 1.70 1.62 1.62 1.56 1.60 1.66 1.60 1.70 1.80 1.50 1.54 1.50 1.48 1.72 1.82 1.66 1.80 1.80 1.68 1.68 1.68 1.70 1.66 1.82 1.62 1.78 1.88 1.64 1.80 1.78 1.64 1.64 1.68 1.54 1.66 1.62 1.56 1.66 1.70 1.58
15.26 13.74 15.12 14.52 14.30 16.74 14.42 14.12 16.06 12.92 12.82 14.82 15.84 14.88 15.88 15.42 14.92 16.78 14.68 13.76 15.80 15.80 15.06 16.28 15.62 14.64 17.14 15.50 15.66 16.54 13.96 13.84 13.94 15.88 14.06 15.90 15.58 15.60 16.84 15.44 14.22 16.32 15.56 15.52 15.52
13.94 16.24 12.10 13.42 14.58 12.96 14.28 15.74 13.10 14.80 16.76 13.30 14.60 16.54 12.52 14.00 16.02 12.90 15.16 17.02 13.20 15.06 16.76 13.18 13.96 16.00 13.28 13.14 15.00 12.14 14.32 17.02 12.68 14.32 16.12 12.84 13.62 15.22 11.92 13.94 15.26 12.76 13.74 15.52 12.32
0.96 0.98 0.94 1.00 1.02 0.98 1.00 1.02 1.02 0.98 0.98 0.98 1.02 1.00 0.94 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.98 1.02 0.98 0.98 1.02 0.98 0.98 1.04 0.96 0.94 1.02 0.98 1.00 1.00 0.94 1.00 1.02 1.00 0.98 1.02 0.96 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.02 1.00
4.0 4.1 8.1 1.0 0.0 3.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 4.0 3.0 0.0 0.0 7.0 3.0 2.0 2.0 4.0 1.0 5.0 5.0 0.0 4.0 3.0 0.0 4.2 7.7 0.0 2.2 5.4 1.0 8.1 2.0 1.0 1.4 3.5 0.0 5.0 2.2 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0
0.84 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.46 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.42 1.06 0.00 0.42 0.84 0.42 0.90 0.00 1.26 1.38 0.00 0.84 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.68 0.00 0.00 0.84 0.00 1.26 0.00 0.54 0.84 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.84 2.08 0.00 0.00 0.42 0.50
3.44 1.44 1.88 2.52 3.06 3.50 5.26 9.02 5.46 2.52 1.64 2.02 2.90 2.00 5.56 3.42 6.56 5.48 5.62 5.64 4.46 3.34 2.20 6.34 1.40 1.28 5.80 4.54 0.00 5.50 3.62 2.28 7.76 7.90 6.06 8.02 3.56 2.98 5.70 6.12 2.94 6.28 4.70 6.86 7.24
0.84 0.00 3.14 0.00 0.50 0.42 1.70 0.44 2.10 0.84 0.00 2.02 0.60 1.12 1.26 1.30 0.42 0.42 1.30 0.00 1.76 1.32 0.50 1.72 0.42 0.42 4.32 0.84 0.00 1.64 0.00 0.00 3.42 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.70 0.50 0.42 2.52 0.50 0.00 0.42
215.2 226.8 207.0 222.3 232.9 214.9 213.4 227.9 204.2 215.3 215.1 207.6 225.1 231.9 221.8 221.3 228.9 220.0 222.1 232.1 212.0 215.2 224.0 208.9 213.6 220.2 208.4 225.5 228.6 211.8 219.3 236.5 221.6 211.2 220.6 209.7 205.7 220.8 204.8 220.4 226.1 217.5 211.8 224.8 203.2
104.7 110.3 98.5
111.9 120.6 105.8 106.4 113.7 96.5
101.0 103.2 96.0
111.7 119.8 109.1 107.4 114.1 111.3 111.4 120.6 105.7 103.9 113.2 99.2
106.3 113.2 103.2 114.1 115.7 106.8 109.7 120.7 114.0 102.7 108.1 103.4 103.3 111.8 103.2 109.1 114.4 107.3 111.0 116.9 108.0
82.0 83.7 83.8 85.2 86.3 83.5 81.7 84.2 80.5 82.0 84.8 82.5 86.3 87.0 85.3 83.3 84.0 83.3 83.3 85.5 83.7 82.3 83.8 82.0 82.5 85.5 84.8 86.2 85.7 84.3 84.8 85.0 85.3 81.2 83.0 82.5 84.7 84.8 84.2 83.2 84.0 83.7 84.0 85.8 85.7
84.2 85.7 86.3 86.5 88.2 86.2 84.7 86.0 84.2 86.0 86.3 85.5 88.5 88.5 89.3 85.5 85.8 85.5 85.5 86.0 86.7 84.5 86.5 85.7 86.2 87.5 86.8 88.7 86.8 86.7 88.0 87.2 89.0 84.3 86.2 84.5 86.7 87.0 86.3 86.2 86.3 85.8 86.8 87.B 88.5
2.2 2.0 2.5 1.3 1.8 2.7 3.0 1.8 3.7 4.0 1.5 3.0 2.2 1.5 4.0 2.2 1.8 2.2 2.2 0.5 3.0 2.2 2.7 3.7 3.7 2.0 2.0 2.5 1.2 2.3 3.2 2.2 3.7 3,2 3.2 2.0 2.0 2.2 2.2 3.0 2.3 2.2 2.8 2.0 2.8
to O a\
Table 04. continued.
ENTRY HALE Tester YD ED
g/plant cm
271 92706 F1 117.3 4.32 272 92706 B73 131.4 4.52 273 92706 Hoi 7 111.8 4.04 274 93102 F1 111.7 4.24 275 93102 B73 131.9 4.56 276 93102 Hoi 7 115.4 4.12 277 93504 F1 120.4 4.24 278 93504 B73 130.8 4.52 279 93504 Hoi 7 103.2 4.04 280 93506 F1 117.5 4.34 281 93506 B73 112.0 4.40 282 93506 Hoi 7 119.2 4.22 283 93903 F1 104.4 4.20 284 93903 B73 120.6 4.36 285 93903 Ho17 117.1 4.16 286 91904 F1 96.4 4,02 287 91904 B73 116.6 4.50 288 91904 Hoi 7 101.6 4.04 289 92306 F1 113.7 4.24 290 92306 B73 119.7 4.40 291 92306 Hoi 7 113.6 4.12 292 91905 F1 103.4 4.28 293 91905 B73 111.4 4.38 294 91905 Hoi 7 108.4 4.16 295 94305 F1 103.9 4.34 296 94305 B73 112,0 4.48 297 94305 Ho17 114,3 4.30 298 90701 F1 116,5 4.30 ; 299 90701 B73 108.2 4.36 : 300 90701 Hoi 7 120.6 4.18 :
CD
cm
KD
cm
EL
cm
RH
no.
EP
no.
BP RL
X
SL
X
DE
X
PH
cm
EH AN SE SO
cm days days days
2.64 2.82 2.48 2.54 2.78 2.58 2.60 2.72 2.34 2.64 2.88 2.58 2.54 2.76 2.44 2.52 2.74 2.46 2.52 2.74 2.46 2.58 2.70 2.50 2.70 2.82 2.62 2.76 2.78 2.58
1.74 1.76 1.66 1.78 1.86 1.64 1.78 1.82 1.74 1.70 1.60 1.64 1.70 1.64 1.74 1.58 1.76 1.58 1.78 1.74 1.70 1.74 1.76 1.68 1.70 1.72 1.74 1.64 1.62 1.64
15.48 15.54 16.24 15.28 14.94 16.04 15.66 14.72 15.54 15.98 14.76 17.30 15.12 15.06 17.18 14.48 13.66 15.42 15.34 14.42 16.26 14.28 13.76 15.96 14.26 13.74 15.74 15.30 13.72 16.50
14.04 15.92 12.42 14.04 16.04 12.88 14.08 15.94 12.40 14.48 15.84 13.08 13.34 15.56 12.88 14.54 17.02 13.18 14.30 16.24 13.24 14.34 16.18 12.84 15.40 17.30 13.38 14.84 16.42 13.10
1.02 1.00 1.00 0.98 1.00 1.00 1.00 1,02 1.00 1,00 1,00 1.00 1.00 1.02 0.98 0.92 1.00 0.98 1.04 1.02 0.98 1.00 0.98 1.00 0.94 1.00 0.98 0.98 1.00 1.00
1.0 0.0 1.0 3.0 1,0 1.0 1.0 1.1 2.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 2.1 4.0
10.0 0.0 3.0 3.0 0.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 0.0 8.0 0.0 2.0 2.0 0.0 0.0
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.56 0.42 0.00 0.00 0.42 0.88 0.60 0.42 1.26 0.00 0.42 0.42 0.00 0.42 1.68 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.42 2.12 0.00 0.84 0.42 0.00
5.04 4.64 9.18 4.20 5.80 2.60 6.60 2.10
10.28 7.14 7.04 5.74 4.20 3.40 4.66 4.46 3.10 3.14 3.98 2.10 6.42 3.48 2.94 4.82 4.24 1.68 2.76 1.26 2.10 7.12
0.00 0.00 0.50 0.42 1,32 0.00 0.42 1.30 0.48 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.26 0.00 0.60 0.00 0.42 0.78 0.62 0.88 0.42 0.90 1.26 1.30 1.34 1.34 2.14 0.44 0.00 0.54
225.6 233.2 223.9 203.3 218.6 199.8 209.5 222.1 208.8 227.9 235.6 223.6 224.0 232.2 213.1 214.1 215,6 206.3 216.0 220.5 211.0 203,9 208.1 206.9 210.6 215.0 210.5 208.1 209.1 211.5
117.0 122,6 118.1 97,1
109.3 96.4
104,9 114.1 104.6 121.2 123.5 119.4 113.3 119.7 106.7 102.6 102.3 97.5
110.3 113.2 106.2 99.7
104.9 102.8 99.0
105.1 102.5 102.5 101.8 105.0
84.8 85.8 86,5 82.0 84.8 82.0 82.8 83.2 83.2 85,7 87,5 85.2 85.5 86.3 84.3 83.7 84.5 82.7 83.3 85.8 83.3 82.8 83.0 83.0 81.3 83.2 82.7 84.0 83.8 84.5
87.5 88.0 88.7 85.2 87,0 84,5 84.8 84,8 86.3 88.3 89.2 87.8 88.0 88.0 86.3 87,5 87.2 86.3 86.0 88.5 86.7 86.3 85.7 86.0 84.0 86.3 86.2 86.2 86.5 87.3
2.7 2.2 2.2 3.2 2.2 2.5 2.0 1.7 3.2 2,7 1,7 2,7 2.5 1.7 2.0 3.8 2.7 3,7 2.7 2.7 3.3 3.5 2.7 3.0 2.7 3.2 3.5 2.2 2.7 2.8
n) o -J
Table D5. Triple testcross progeny means by environment.
Env. Entry Hale Tester YD ED CD KD EL RN EP
g/plant cm cm
20519 1 88301 F1 159.8 4.80 2.70 20519 2 88301 B73 128.0 4.60 2.70 20519 3 88301 Hoi 7 160.8 4.60 2.50 20519 4 88303 F1 143.2 4.80 2.60 20519 5 88303 B73 146.4 4.70 2.80 20519 6 88303 Ho17 138.0 5.10 2.50 20519 7 95902 F1 128.8 4.80 2.60 20519 8 95902 B73 162.6 4.90 2.90 20519 9 95902 Mo17 147.0 5.00 2.50 20519 10 88306 Fl 149.0 4.70 2.70 20519 11 88306 B73 135.4 4.70 2.60 20519 12 88306 Hoi 7 144.8 4.40 2.40 20519 13 88701 Fl 149.4 4.70 2.60 20519 14 88701 B73 147.3 4.80 2.70 20519 15 88701 Hoi 7 153.5 4.60 2.60 20519 16 95904 Fl 139.2 4.50 2.80 20519 17 95904 B7S 149.8 4.90 2.50 20519 18 95904 Hoi 7 136.3 4.20 2.40 20519 19 88703 Fl 141.4 4.70 2.40 20519 20 88703 B73 183.9 5.00 2.70 20519 21 88703 Hol7 130.9 4.30 2.30 20519 22 88704 Fl 148.4 4.40 2.60 20519 23 88704 B73 169.5 4.80 2.70 20519 24 88704 Hoi 7 122.2 4.80 2.20 20519 25 228714 Fl 141.1 4.40 2.60 20519 26 228714 B73 139.2 4.80 2.70 20519 27 228714 Ho17 118.8 4.30 2.60 20519 28 89102 Fl 140.4 4.70 2.70 20519 29 89102 B73 128.2 4.70 2.80 20519 30 89102 Hol7 158.5 4.60 2.50 20519 31 89103 Fl 147.6 4.30 2.40 20519 32 89103 B7S 157.6 4.60 2.60 ; 20519 33 89103 Ho17 135.3 4.20 2.40 20519 34 89104 Fl 137.8 5.00 2.70 ; 20519 35 89104 B73 159.1 4.90 2.90 ; 20519 36 89104 Hoi 7 103.8 4.10 2.30 20519 37 89105 Fl 149.5 4.50 2.70 20519 38 89105 B73 155.8 4.50 2.80 20519 39 89105 Hoi 7 138.4 4.20 2.20 : 20519 40 229115 Fl 141.9 4.70 2.70 : 20519 41 229115 B73 164.6 4.90 2.80 ; 20519 42 229115 Hoi 7 147.4 4.40 2.50 20519 43 89501 Fl 148.8 4.70 2.70 ; 20519 44 89501 B73 141.5 4.70 2.80 : 20519 45 89501 Hoi 7 151.7 4.40 2.30 ;
cm cm no. no.
1 15.10 1 .00 1 15.40 1 .00 1 13.00 1 .00 1 13.50 1 .00 1 15.60 1 .00 1 12.70 1 .10
14.50 1 .00 16.80 1 .00
1 13.10 1 .00 14.70 1 .00 15.90 1 .00 13.70 1 .00 14.60 1 .00 15.70 1 .00 14.40 1 .10 14.20 1 .00 16.80 1 .00 12.60 1 .00 14.20 1 .10 16.30 1 .00 12.80 1 .00 13.90 1 .00 15.90 1 .00 11.90 1 .00 13.50 1 .10 15.80 1 .00 12.10 1 .00 14.40 1 .00 14.60 t .10 13.10 1, .10 14.30 1, .00 15.20 1, .20 12.70 1, .00 13.10 1, .00 16.70 1, .10 11.90 1, .00 13.60 1, .00 13.70 1.00 12.40 1. .00 14.50 1. .00 15.30 1. .10 13.10 1. .00 15.30 1. .00 15.90 1. ,00 12.60 1. ,00
2.20 2.00 2.10 2.20 2.00 2.60 2.20 2.10 2.50 2.10 2.10 2.10 2.10 2.10 2.10 1.90 2.40 1.90 2.40 2.40 2.00 2.00 2.20 2.70 1.90 2.10 1.70 2.10 2.00 2.10 2.10 2.00 1.80 2.30 2.00 1.80 1.80 1.80 2.10 2.10 2.20 1.90 2.00 2.00 2.10
16.20 14.40 17.70 16.40 16.00 17.30 15.10 15.70 17.70 17.10 14.30 17.30 16.60 15.20 16.70 16.20 15.90 17.60 16.00 17.40 16.60 17.10 17.40 13.50 16.50 15.30 16.10 15.60 15.30 18.40 16.60 16.50 17.30 17.60 16.30 15.20 17.80 16.70 17.90 15.70 16.90 17.80 15.90 15.30 18.30
BP RL SL DE PH EH AN SE SD
XX X X cm cm days days days
0.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 220.1 106.6 82.5 85.0 2.5 0.0 0.00 0.00 6.30 230.3 110.4 85.0 88.0 3.0 0.0 0.00 10.50 2.10 215.3 103.1 80.5 83.0 2.5 0.0 0.00 2.20 0.00 230.9 115.4 85.0 86.5 1.5 0.0 0.00 6.30 0.00 234,9 118.7 85.5 87.5 2.0 0.0 0.00 8.70 0.00 217.9 108.8 83.0 86.5 3.5 0.0 0.00 14.60 0.00 214.9 100.1 81.0 85.0 4.0 0.0 0.00 4.20 0.00 226.9 107.8 85.0 86.0 1.0 0.0 0.00 2.10 0.00 202.5 93.6 80.0 84.5 4.5 0.0 0.00 2.10 0.00 213.2 102.4 81.0 85.5 4.5 0.0 0.00 2.10 0.00 233.0 114.3 85.0 86.0 1.0 0.0 2.10 8.40 0.00 209.2 101.7 81.0 85.5 4.5 0.0 0.00 10.50 0.00 227.1 109.5 82.5 86.5 4.0 0.0 0.00 4.20 0.00 229.7 109.7 84.5 85.5 1.0 0.0 0.00 10.70 2.10 209.1 98.0 81.0 84.0 3.0 0.0 2.10 8.40 0.00 225.3 104.2 82.0 85.5 3.5 0.0 0.00 2.10 0.00 231.5 105.0 84.5 87.5 3.0 0.0 0.00 2.10 4.20 218.8 101.2 81.5 86.0 4.5 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 223.7 105.3 85.0 87.0 2.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 233.6 114.7 86.0 87.5 1.5 (O 0.0 0.00 2.20 2.20 217.7 105.3 83.0 86.5 3.5 O 0.0 2.10 0.00 0.00 222.3 103.6 83.0 85.5 2.5 " 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 229.4 109.5 83.0 85.5 2.5 0.0 0.00 6.30 0.00 193.7 88.8 80.5 86.0 5.5 0.0 0.00 6.30 0.00 234.4 113.5 84.0 87.5 3.5 0.0 0.00 6.30 0.00 244.5 121.1 84.0 86.5 2.5 0.0 0.00 6.30 0.00 224.1 109.7 85.0 88.0 3.0 0.0 0.00 4.20 0.00 223.9 110.6 84.5 87.5 3.0 0.0 0.00 4.20 0.00 241.1 120.8 87.0 89.0 2.0 0.0 0.00 10.40 0.00 217.7 112.4 85.5 86.0 0.5 0.0 0.00 2.10 0.00 234.3 122.1 82.5 85.5 3.0 0.0 0.00 4.20 0.00 240.2 123.3 86.5 88.5 2.0 0.0 0.00 6.30 0.00 218.1 100.7 82.5 86.5 4.0 0.0 0.00 6.60 0.00 217.0 98.2 84.0 85.5 1.5 0.0 0.00 2.10 0.00 244.5 122.6 86.0 88.0 2.0 0.0 0.00 12.60 0.00 207.3 90.2 84.5 89.0 4.5 0.0 0.00 2.20 2.10 209.8 98.2 80.5 84.5 4.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 231.4 110.9 84.0 86.5 2.5 0.0 0.00 2.10 0.00 205.6 94.1 81.0 84.5 3.5 0.0 0.00 2.10 0.00 236.4 114.9 85.0 87.5 2.5 0.0 0.00 10.40 0.00 248.0 129.9 85.5 88.0 2.5 0.0 0.00 4.20 0.00 217.0 100.9 83.0 88.0 5.0 0.0 0.00 4.30 0.00 211.5 100.0 82.0 84.5 2.5 0.0 0.00 4.40 0.00 212.1 93.4 84.0 85.5 1.5 0.0 0.00 12.50 0.00 200.6 91.5 79.5 83.0 3.5
Table D5. continued.
Env. Entry Hale Tester YD ED CD
g/ptant cm cm
KD
cm
EL
cm
RN
no.
EP
no.
BP
X
RL
X
SL
X
DE PH
cm
EH AH SE SO
cm days days days
20519 46 89502 F1 142.6 20519 47 89502 B73 164.8 20519 48 89502 Ho17 137.3 20519 49 89503 F1 122.2 20519 50 89503 B73 165.9 20519 51 89503 Hoi 7 123.8 20519 52 231916 142.8 20519 53 231916 B73 157.7 20519 54 231916 Hoi 7 148.7 20519 55 229524 F1 128.8 20519 56 229524 B73 129.1 20519 57 229524 Hoi 7 148.5 20519 58 89506 F1 151.7 20519 59 89506 B73 169.4 20519 60 89506 Hoi 7 135.6 20519 61 89507 F1 152.8 20519 62 89507 B73 174.6 20519 63 89507 Hoi 7 159.3 20519 64 89901 F1 175.1 20519 65 89901 B73 165.9 20519 66 89901 Hoi 7 152.7 20519 67 89902 F1 142.7 20519 68 89902 B73 174.6 20519 69 89902 Hoi 7 137.6 20519 70 89903 F1 140.0 20519 71 89903 B73 168.6 20519 72 89903 Hoi 7 140.6 20519 73 89904 F1 131.1 20519 74 89904 B73 169.7 20519 75 89904 Ho17 124.3 20519 76 90301 F1 147.9 ^ 20519 77 90301 B73 158.0 . 20519 78 90301 Ho17 131.3 . 20519 79 90302 F1 167.1 . 20519 80 90302 B73 161.1 i 20519 81 90302 Hoi 7 171.3 20519 82 229921 F1 165.7 . 20519 83 229921 B73 166.1 . 20519 84 229921 Hoi 7 179.0 . 20519 85 230323 F1 147.5 . 20519 86 230323 B73 178.4 ' 20519 87 230323 Ho17 140.5 i 20519 88 226720 F1 162.0 ' 20519 89 226720 B73 166.5 . 20519 90 226720 Hol7 155.3 ^
4.50 4.60 4.20 4.20 4.80 4.20 4.40 4.70 4.40 4.50 4.60 4.70 4.60 4.90 4.30 4.30 4.70 4.50 4.70 4.70 4.30 4.40 4.60 4.20 4.50 5.00 4.40 4.40 4.60 4.40 4.30 4.60 4.20 4,90 4.80 4.50 4.90 4.90 4.40 4.60 4.90 4.20 4.50 4.80 4.50
2.60 2.80 2.40 2.60 2.70 2.50 2.60 2.90 2.50 2.50 2.80 2.60 2.70 2.80 2.40 2.60 2.80 2.60 2.80 2.80 2.50 2.60 2.80 2.50 2.70 2.70 2.60 2.50 2.60 2.20 2.20 2.70 2.40 2.80 2.80 2.50 2.70 2.60 2.60 2.60 2.70 2.30 2.60 2.70 2.60
1.90 1.90 1.80 1.70 2.10 1.70 1.90 1.90 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.30 1.90 2.10 1.90 1.80 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 1.80 2.00 1.90 1.80 1.90 2.40 1.80 1.90 2.10 2.20 2.10 1.90 1.80 2.20 2.10 2.00 2.20 2.40 1.80 2.00 2.20 1.90 1.90 2.10 1.90
16.50 16.70 17.80 15.30 16.20 15.60 16.60 16.50 17.50 16.10 14.70 17.60 15.60 16.10 17.30 16.40 15.90 17.60 17.90 17.10 18.60 15.70 16.60 17.00 15.50 15.60 16.80 15.50 16.40 15.30 16.60 15.90 17.10 16.80 16.00 18.90 16.90 17.70 18.90 16.50 16.80 17.50 15.80 15.40 18.30
13.30 15.10 12.10 13.80 16.50 12.50 14.90 16.80 13.30 14.40 15.60 12.60 15.30 15.70 13.20 15.30 16.40 13.30 14.20 16.20 12.80 14.60 16.70 12.20 14.30 16.40 13.00 12.80 15.10 12.00 14.10 16.30 12.90 14.80 16.60 13.50 15.00 16.70 14.10 13.50 15.80 12.60 15.10 16.40 13.50
1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.10 1,00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.00
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.00 0.00 0.00 2.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.10 2.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.20 0.00 0.00 4.20 0.00 2.10 0.00 0.00 2.30 4.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.60 0.00 2.10 0.00 2.10 2.10 0.00
10.50 4.20 4.20 8.40 8.70
22.80 10.50 4.20
13.20 4.20 6.30 2.10 8.40 4.20
10.50 2.10 8.40 2.70
12.60 10.50 10.50 4.20 2.10
14.70 2.10 4.20 4.40 4.20 4.20 2.10 8.40 0.00 2.10 2.10 6.30 6.30
12.80 6.30
17.90 4.30 2.10 4.20 2.10
12.60 10.50
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.40 2.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.70 0.00 2.10 0.00 0.00 2.10 2.10 0.00 2.10 4.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
208.8 218.8 211.6 220.2 228.1 207.8 220.6 219.9 205.7 222.0 225.9 210.9 209.9 225.4 206.4 219.2 228.6 213.8 227.4 221.5 200.4 224.7 231.7 208.4 228.9 238.2 215.8 220.6 243.8 212.2 218.2 218.9 195.2 233.7 216.3 211.4 226.8 236.7 212.0 239.1 237.3 208.1 237.6 238.8 225.5
99.9 105.2 100.8 102.2 112.1 101.9 114.9 105.2 101.8 100.7 107.7 100.9 102.9 112.5 101.8 106.8 116.9 106.0 115.7 105.7 95.1
108.7 118.7 99.6
113.7 119.4 106.9 110.3 119.0 105.8 105.1 108.2 92.9
115.3 107.9 96.2
115.5 127.3 103.1 119.6 117.8 97.6
118.5 127.0 114.4
82.5 83.0 83.0 82.5 84.0 83.0 84.0 84.0 83.5 84.0 85.0 82.0 81.5 84.0 83.0 81.0 82.0 82.0 83.0 81.0 79.0 79.0 82.5 79.0 81.5 83.5 83.0 81.0 83.0 83.0 79.5 81.0 80.0 83.0 82.0 82.0 78.5 84.0 79.5 80.0 84.0 79,5 83.0 85,0 82.0
85.0 85.0 85.5 84.0 85.5 86.0 85.5 85.5 86.0 87.0 87.5 86.0 83.0 85.5 85.5 84.0 83.5 85.5 85.5 82.5 83.0 83.0 85.0 82.0 84.5 84.5 86.5 84.5 84.5 85.0 83.0 84.0 83.0 85.5 84.5 84.0 81,5 84,5 83.5 83.5 85.5 84.0 85.5 86.5 85.5
2.5 2.0 2,5 1,5 1,5 3.0 1.5 1,5 2,5 3,0 2,5 4,0 1,5 1,5 2,5 3,0 1,5 3,5 2,5 1,5 4.0 4.0 2.5 3.0 3.0 1.0 3.5 3.5 1.5 2.0 3.5 3.0 3.0 2.5 2.5 2.0 3.0 0.5 4.0 3.5 1.5 4.5 2.5 1.5 3.5
to o u>
Table D5. continued.
Env. Entry Hate Tester YD ED CD KD EL RN EP
g/ptant cm cm cm cm no. no.
20519 91 90306 F1 155.2 4.60 2.50 2 .10 16.60 13.90 1 .10 20519 92 90306 B73 191.5 4.90 2.80 2 .30 17.00 15.50 1 .00 20519 93 90306 Hoi 7 138.6 4.10 2.50 1 .70 17.00 12.90 1 .00 20519 94 230322 F1 132.8 4.50 2.60 2 .00 15.70 14.20 1 .00 20519 95 230322 B73 149.1 4.70 2.80 1 .90 15.30 15.70 1 .10 20519 96 230322 Ho17 124.6 4.20 2.30 1 .90 16.50 12.70 1 .00 20519 97 230701 F1 134.6 4.50 2.70 1 .90 16.30 13.70 1 .00 20519 98 230701 B73 161.7 4.90 2.80 2 .10 16.40 15.10 1 .00 20519 99 230701 Hoi 7 161.7 4.40 2.60 1 .90 18.10 12.40 1 .10 20519 100 231103 F1 185.0 4.80 2.80 2 .10 18.20 14.90 1 .00 20519 101 231103 873 169.2 4.90 2.80 2 .10 16.70 16.00 1 .00 20519 102 231103 Mo17 155.8 4.40 2.50 1 .90 18.70 12.70 1 .00 20519 103 232306 F1 167.5 4.50 2.60 1 .90 17.30 14.20 1 .00 20519 104 232306 B73 171.8 4.80 2.80 2 .00 17.20 15.40 1 .00 20519 105 232306 Hoi 7 138.3 4.50 2.50 2 .00 18.30 13.50 0.90 20519 106 231905 F1 168.6 4.60 2.60 2 .10 16.90 14.10 1 .20 20519 107 231905 B73 137.7 4.60 2.70 1 .90 14.70 15.80 1 .00 20519 108 231905 Ho17 156.2 4.50 2.50 2 .00 18.20 12.90 1 .00 20519 109 231104 F1 153.7 4.70 2.60 2 .10 16.50 14.00 1 .00 20519 110 231104 B73 156.4 4.70 2.80 1 .90 16.30 15.70 1 .10 20519 111 231104 Hoi 7 150.8 4.40 2.50 2 .00 17.70 12.50 1 .00 20519 112 91101 F1 166.5 4.50 2.60 2 .00 15.30 14.80 1 .00 20519 113 91101 B73 133.5 4.80 2.60 2 .30 14.10 17.00 1 .00 20519 114 91101 Hoi 7 170.1 4.60 2.70 2 .00 18.10 14.60 1 .00 20519 115 232707 F1 123.6 4.50 2.90 1 .70 16.30 15.00 1 .00 20519 116 232707 B73 149.7 4.90 3.00 1 .90 16.00 17.40 1 .00 20519 117 232707 Hoi 7 127.1 4.20 2.60 1 .70 17.00 12.60 1 .00 20519 118 91103 F1 132.2 4.40 2.60 1 .80 15.30 14.20 1 .00 20519 119 91103 B73 149.0 4.70 2.80 1, .90 15.90 15.30 1 .00 20519 120 91103 Hoi 7 159.0 4.40 2.60 1, .90 18.50 12.30 1 .00 20519 121 91104 F1 148.3 4.50 2.70 1, .90 17.00 14.00 1 .00 20519 122 91104 B73 168.9 4.80 2.80 2, .00 16.90 16.00 1 .00 20519 123 91104 Ho17 135.1 4.20 2.40 1, .80 17.90 11.90 1 .00 20519 124 226309 F1 157.6 4.60 2.60 2 .00 16.60 14.90 1 .00 20519 125 226309 B73 145.4 4.70 2.90 1, .80 15.80 15.80 1 .00 20519 126 226309 Hoi 7 158.6 4.30 2.60 1, .90 18.00 13.20 1 .00 20519 127 91501 F1 151.7 4.70 2.60 2, .10 16.20 14.70 1 .00 20519 128 91501 B73 154.2 4.70 2.80 1, .90 15.40 15.60 1 .00 20519 129 91501 Ho17 162.3 4.40 2.60 1, .80 18.30 13.90 1, .00 20519 130 91502 F1 148.5 4.40 2.60 1, .80 17.30 13.50 1, .00 20519 131 91502 B73 176.5 4.80 2.80 2. .10 17.10 15.70 1, .00 20519 132 91502 Hoi 7 166.6 4.40 2.70 1, .70 18.90 11.80 1. .00 20519 133 91503 F1 152.9 4.60 2.70 2. .00 16.90 14.50 1, .00 20519 134 91503 B73 155.3 4.70 2.80 1, .90 16.40 15.50 1, .00 20519 135 91503 Hoi 7 145.5 4.30 2.40 1. .90 17.10 12.90 1, .00
BP RL SL DE PH EH AN SE SD
XX X X cm CI!) days days days
0.0 6.50 0.00 0.00 220.4 108.6 S2.0 84.0 2.0 0.0 4.20 4.20 0.00 231.2 123.3 82.0 84.S 2.5 0.0 0.00 6.50 0.00 204.1 95.4 79.0 82.5 3.5 0.0 0.00 8.40 0.00 206.3 95.3 78.5 82.0 3.5 0.0 0.00 4.20 0.00 243.5 124.9 83.0 85.5 2.5 0.0 2.10 5.30 0.00 218.2 106.7 81.5 85.5 4.0 0.0 4.80 9.30 0.00 244.0 119.6 83.0 87.0 4.0 0.0 2.10 8.40 0.00 246.8 126.3 84.5 87.0 2.5 0.0 0.00 4.20 0.00 221.9 105.1 83.0 85.5 2.5 0.0 4.20 8.40 0.00 231.5 114.3 83.0 86.0 3.0 0.0 8.40 0.00 0.00 247.6 127.6 84.0 85.5 1.5 0.0 0.00 9.00 2.40 218.0 100.6 82.0 85.5 3.5 0.0 6.30 4.20 0.00 229.4 108.3 83.0 85.5 2.5 0.0 0.00 10.40 0.00 234.2 113.7 83.0 85.0 2.0
10.0 0.00 10.50 0.00 209.6 93.8 80.5 83.5 3.0 0.0 0.00 6.30 0.00 229.7 110.4 83.5 85.5 2.0 0.0 0.00 2.10 0.00 239.9 122.1 84.0 86.S 2.5 0.0 0.00 12.50 0.00 220.7 110.7 82.0 85.0 3.0 0.0 2.10 2.10 0.00 224.5 108.3 83.0 84.5 1.5 0.0 0.00 5.30 0.00 234.2 121.4 84.0 86.5 2.5 (o 0.0 0.00 4.20 2.10 217.4 110.4 82.0 85.0 3.0 h 0.0 2.10 8.40 0.00 214.4 106.8 81.5 84.0 2.5 O 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 216.8 102.7 83.5 85.0 1.5 0.0 0.00 2.10 0.00 214.7 106.0 79.0 82.0 3.0 5.0 0.00 6.30 0.00 222.5 104.1 83.0 87.5 4.5 0.0 0.00 10.70 0.00 238.8 117.1 85.0 88.0 3.0 0.0 2.10 8.40 0.00 210.6 104.9 82.5 86.0 3.5 0.0 23.00 2.10 0.00 226.3 109.9 82.5 84.0 1.5 0.0 0.00 10.50 0.00 234.2 116.2 83.0 85.5 2.5 0.0 0.00 4.20 0.00 212.6 101.6 81.0 85.5 4.5 0.0 0.00 2.20 0.00 221.0 109.8 83.0 86.0 3.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 227.0 110.2 83.5 86.0 2.5 0.0 0.00 2.10 2.10 208.9 95.1 82.0 85.0 3.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 2.10 211.1 98.8 79.5 83.0 3.5 0.0 0.00 2.10 0.00 224.1 107.7 82.0 84.5 2.5 0.0 0.00 6.30 0.00 203.4 93.2 81.0 81.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 210.3 98.2 81.0 84.0 3.0 0.0 0.00 4.20 0.00 224.0 108.7 81.0 84.0 3.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 210.6 99.3 81.5 84.5 3.0 0.0 0.00 2.10 0.00 214.5 100.2 79.0 82.0 3.0 0.0 0.00 5.00 0.00 214.7 96.7 79.0 82.0 3.0 0.0 0.00 2.10 2.10 209.2 93.4 79.0 84.0 5.0 0.0 0.00 12.50 0.00 217.3 102.3 81.0 84.0 3.0 0.0 0.00 8.40 0.00 212.2 93.9 80.5 83.5 3.0 0.0 0.00 2.10 0.00 207.9 99.3 79.5 82.5 3.0
Table D5. continued.
Env. Entry Male Tester YD ED CD KD EL rh EP BP RL SL DE PH EH AH SE SD
9/plant cm cm cm cm no. cm cm days days days
20519 136 91504 F1 152.3 4.60 20519 137 91504 B73 175.0 4.80 20519 138 91504 Hoi 7 168.1 4.50 20519 139 227110 F1 142.0 4.60 20519 140 227110 B73 149.4 4.80 20519 141 227110 Hoi 7 153.9 4.40 20519 142 91901 F1 167.6 4.90 20519 143 91901 B73 202.9 5.10 20519 144 91901 Mo17 161.4 4.50 20519 145 91902 F1 155.5 4.60 20519 146 91902 B73 162.8 5.00 20519 147 91902 Hoi 7 122.8 4.20 20519 148 91903 F1 151.7 4.50 20519 149 91903 B73 191,4 4.70 20519 ISO 91903 Ho17 123.4 4.10 20519 151 227511 F1 152.1 4.70 20519 152 227511 B73 154.7 4.90 20519 153 227511 Ho17 166.2 4.50 20519 154 227512 F1 153.9 4.80 20519 155 227512 B73 171.6 4,80 : 20519 156 227512 Hoi 7 178.6 4,60 20519 157 91906 F1 135.1 4,50 : 20519 158 91906 B73 196.6 5,00 : 20519 159 91906 Ho17 118.1 4,10 20519 160 92301 F1 154.7 4,80 20519 161 92301 B73 160.8 5,00 : 20519 162 92301 Hoi 7 161.1 4.50 ; 20519 163 228313 F1 153.5 4.60 : 20519 164 228313 B73 164.4 4.80 : 20519 165 228313 Hoi 7 180.7 4.50 : 20519 166 92303 F1 166.2 4.70 ; 20519 167 92303 B73 153.7 4.70 i
20519 168 92303 Hoi 7 138.9 4.40 : 20519 169 92305 F1 126.7 4.40 : 20519 170 92305 B73 151.2 4.80 : 20519 171 92305 Hoi 7 147.0 4.30 ; 20519 172 226308 F1 157.7 4.70 : 20519 173 226308 B73 162.1 5.00 : 20519 174 226308 Ho17 153.4 4.30 : 20519 175 92307 F1 143.9 4.50 ; 20519 176 92307 B73 146.4 4.80 : 20519 177 92307 Hoi 7 119.6 4.20 ; 20519 178 92701 F1 128.4 4.30 : 20519 179 92701 B73 185.1 4.80 : 20519 180 92701 Ho17 114.8 3.90 :
2.70 2.90 2.60 2.70 2.80 2.60 2.90 3.00 2.50 2.70 2.90 2.40 2.70 2.80 2.40 2.80 3.00 2.70 2.80 3.00 2.60 2.70 3.00 2.40 2.80 3.00 2.70 2.80 2.90 2.70 2.80 2.90 2.60 2.60 2.80 2.60 2.80 3.10 2.60 2.80 2.90 2.50 2.50 2.70 2.20
1.90 1.90 2.00 1.90 2.00 1.90 2.00 2.10 2.00 1.90 2.20 1.90 1.90 2.10 1.70 2.00 1.90 1.80 2.00 1.80 2.00 1.90 2.10 1.70 2.00 2.10 1.90 1.90 2.00 1.80 2.00 1.90 2.00 1.90 2.00 1.70 2.10 1.90 1.80 1.80 1.90 1.80 1.80 2.10 1.70
16.60 16.80 18.70 15.30 14.80 17.80 16.30 17.60 18.10 16.30 17.40 16.20 18.20 18.60 17.90 16.50 15.90 19.00 16.30 16.70 19.30 15.70 17.90 16.00 15.80 15.90 18.20 17.50 16.60 19.50 16.60 15.80 16.80 15.50 14.90 18.30 16.70 15.90 18.30 16.00 14.90 15.70 15.40 17.20 16.60
13.70 15.40 13.20 15.60 17.30 12.80 15.10 16.90 13.40 14.20 16.50 12.70 12.90 14.00 11.40 15.80 16.00 13.10 15.50 16.40 13.60 14.40 16.50 12.00 15.00 16.40 13.60 13.60 14.90 12.30 14.60 15.30 13.50 14.40 16.70 12.20 14.80 16.00 11.90 15.10 16.30 13.20 13.30 15.40 12.10
1 1.00 0.0 1 1.20 0.0 1 1.00 0.0 1 1.00 0.0 1 1.00 0.0 1 1.00 0.0 1 1.00 0.0 1 1.00 0.0 1 1.00 0.0 1 1.00 0.0
0.90 15.0 1.00 0.0 1.00 0.0 1.10 0.0 1.00 0.0 1.00 0.0 1.00 0.0 1.00 0.0 1.00 0.0 1.00 0.0 1.10 0.0 1.00 0.0 1.00 0.0 1.00 0.0 1.00 0.0 1.00 0.0 1.00 0.0 1.00 0.0 1.10 0.0 1.00 0.0 1.00 0.0 1.00 0.0 1.00 0.0 1.00 0.0 1.00 0.0 1.00 0.0 1.00 0.0 1.00 0.0 1.00 0.0 1.00 0.0 1.00 0.0 1.00 0.0 1.10 0.0 1.00 0.0 1.00 0.0
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
6.30 4.20
12.60 0.00 0.00 6.30
10.50 2.10 6.30 0.00 0.00 2.10 6.70 2.10
14.70 10.50 10.60 8.40 4.20 6.30 4.20 6.30 2.10 4.30 2.10 4.20 0.00 2.10 2.10 4.20 4.20 8.40 0.00 2.10 2.10 4.40 2.10 2.10 0.00 0.00 2.10 0.00 8.40 0.00 4.20
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.30 0.00 2.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
226.3 235.9 224.0 220.8 219.7 212.6 229.0 234.0 214.7 199.5 213.7 194.9 214.9 219.2 190.5 222.1 232.6 214.9 226.5 236.2 220.1 210.7 228.1 203.6 208.4 225.1 214.4 230.7 239.3 228.7 227.2 223.9 213.5 222.1 227.0 211.8 229.9 248.1 225.5 212.1 215.9 201.2 207.6 204.2 195.4
113.2 125.4 112.7 103.0 101.8 100.1 111.2 114.5 105.1 90.8
101.8 91.1
104.9 107.2 89.9
113.8 118.3 107.6 112.3 119.8 106.0 99.6
110.1 96.3
100.8 106.5 105.2 112.3 113.8 113.5 112.7 109.8 107.5 104.7 105.6 96.5
113.2 125.0 106.6 102.9 105.0 94.0 97.1 95.1 90.6
83.0 84.0 83.0 82.5 82.0 81.5 82.0 83.5 81.0 79.0 81.5 79.0 81.5 82.0 80.0 82.5 85.0 82.0 82.5 83.0 81.0 81.0 83.5 82.5 79.0 80.0 80.0 82.0 85.0 83.5 83.0 83.0 82.0 80.5 80.0 81.5 82.0 83.0 82.0 82.0 82.0 79.0 79.0 78.5 79.5
85.5 86.0 85,0 85.0 85.0 84.0 84.5 84.5 83.0 82.0 83.5 82.0 84.5 84.0 84.0 85.0 86.5 85.0 85.0 85.5 84.5 83.5 85.0 86.0 81.5 84.0 84.0 85.0 86.0 85.5 85.0 85.5 86.0 84.0 84.0 85.0 84.5 86.0 85.5 84.5 85.5 83.5 82.0 79.5 83.0
2,5 2.0 2.0 2.5 3.0 2.5 2.5 1.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 4.0 2.5 1.5 3.0 2.5 2.5 3.5 2.5 1.5 3.5 2.5 4.0 4.0 3.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 2.5 4.0 3.5 4.0 3.5 2.5 3.0 3.5 2.5 3.5 4.5 3.0 1.0 3.5
h (-»
Table D5. continued.
Env. Entry Hale Tester YD ED CD KD EL
g/plant cm cm cm cm
RN
no.
EP
no.
BP
X
RL
X
SL
X
DE
X
PH
cm
EH AN SE SD
cm days days days
20519 181 92702 F1 159.0 20519 182 92702 B73 147.7 20519 183 92702 Hoi 7 153.4 20519 184 95901 F1 153.9 20519 185 95901 B73 174.0 20519 186 95901 Ho17 166.5 20519 187 92704 F1 163.6 20519 188 92704 B73 132.2 20519 189 92704 Ho17 152.3 20519 190 95505 156.5 20519 191 95505 B73 196.1 20519 192 95505 Hoi 7 148.6 20519 193 92707 F1 146.7 20519 194 92707 B75 179.3 20519 195 92707 Hoi 7 116.6 20519 196 92708 F1 147.7 20519 197 92708 B73 172.6 20519 198 92708 Hoi 7 157.9 20519 199 93101 F1 155.0 . 20519 200 93101 B73 162.8 20519 201 93101 Hol7 149.4 . 20519 202 95503 F1 130.8 < 20519 203 95503 B73 191.4 . 20519 204 95503 Mo17 110.0 ' 20519 205 93104 F1 133.3 . 20519 206 93104 B73 148.9 / 20519 207 93104 Hoi 7 149.1 • 20519 208 93105 F1 143.4 i 20519 209 93105 B73 178.1 1 20519 210 93105 Hoi 7 143.0 i 20519 211 93501 F1 135.2 < 20519 212 93501 B73 131.2 • 20519 213 93501 Hoi 7 125.9 . 20519 214 93502 F1 165.1 ' 20519 215 93502 B73 155.8 • 20519 216 93502 Ho17 148.3 < 20519 217 94705 F1 122.3 -20519 218 94705 B73 143.7 -20519 219 94705 Ho17 134.1 ' 20519 220 93505 F1 121.7 ' 20519 221 93505 B73 130.7 ' 20519 222 93505 Hoi 7 153.5 ' 20519 223 94702 F1 143.9 ' 20519 224 94702 873 161.2 1 20519 225 94702 Hoi 7 137.9 i
4.80 4.90 4.40 4.70 4.80 4.50 4.70 4.70 4.60 4.70 5.10 4.30 4.50 4.90 4.00 4.50 4.90 4.30 4.60 4.90 4.30 4.40 4.90 4.00 4.50 4.70 4.30 4.60 5.00 4.40 4.50 4.50 4.30 4.60 4.90 4.70 4.40 4.80 4.20 4.30 4.80 4.50 4.60 4.90 4.20
2.80 2.80 2.60 2.80 2.80 2.50 2.70 2.90 2.50 2.80 2.90 2.50 2.60 2.90 2.40 2.70 3.00 2.40 2.80 2.90 2.60 2.70 2.80 2.30 2.60 2.80 2.60 2.50 2.80 2.50 2.60 2.70 2.60 2.80 2.90 2.70 2.80 2.80 2.70 2.70 2.90 2.60 2.70 2.80 2.50
2.00 2.10 2.00 1.90 2.10 2.00 2.00 1.90 2.20 1.90 2.20 1.80 1.90 2.00 1.60 1.80 2.10 1.90 2.00 2.00 1.80 1.80 2.30 1.70 1.90 1.90 1.70 2.10 2.20 1.90 1.90 1.90 1.70 2.10 2.00 2.00 1.70 2.00 1.70 1.70 1.90 2.00 1.90 2.10 1.80
16.60 14.90 17.00 16.90 16.70 18.60 16.80 15.60 17.20 16.80 18.60 17.50 16.90 17.50 17.10 17.20 16.60 18.80 16.10 15.50 17.60 15.70 17.50 16.40 16.80 16.50 18.10 16.10 16.00 17.20 16.00 14.50 16.70 16.40 15.40 16.40 16.20 15.60 17.80 16.10 15.60 17.60 16.40 16.00 18.20
16.00 16.60 14.10 14.40 15.80 13.10 15.40 16.10 14.70 13.60 16.50 12.90 13.90 16.00 12.60 14.10 16.90 12.40 15.10 17.40 13.70 14.00 16.30 11.90 13.90 15.80 13.00 14.30 16.30 12.60 14.40 15.90 13.20 15.50 18.00 14.50 13.60 15.00 12.00 13.50 15.20 13.10 13.80 16.10 12.20
1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
0.0 0.0 0.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.00 0.00 0.00 6.30 4.20 0.00 8.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.20 0.00 2.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.10 2.30 0.00 4.20 0.00 0.00
2.10 0.00 2.10 4.20 2.10 0.00 6.30 0.00 0.00 2.10 5.60 4.20 2.10 6.40 4.20 0.00 2.10 0.00 4.20 4.20 9.60 4.20 4.20 2.10 8.40 0.00 2.10 6.30 4.20 2.10 0.00 6.30 4.20 6.30 0.00 2.10 0.00 2.10 2.10 0.00 0.00
12.50 4.20
14.80 6.30
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.20 0.00 2.80 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.20 0.00 4.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
216.9 237.3 221.2 221.9 213.9 214.9 221.9 232.0 219.2 220.3 237.9 205.4 217.8 225.6 206.9 220.9 237.7 216.5 219.1 230.7 216.1 205.0 219.7 190.1 217.7 222.6 211.5 221.5 234.7 209.0 217.5 227.7 201.0 220.7 231.5 211.0 221.3 235.2 213.3 231.0 242.9 231.1 213.5 232.4 207.4
102.4 113.6 113.1 105.6 93.8
101.2 108.9 116.0 104.0 104.4 115.1 97.1
104.5 108.5 101.5 99.2
116.6 99.7
105.5 115.3 101.9 93.4
103.2 85.6
104.0 105.0 96.7
107.4 115.3 98.4
102.4 113.4 90.4
109.0 120.2 99.9
106.2 118.6 101.2 116.1 128.6 119.1 98.6
112.0 98.4
80.0 81.0 79.0 79.0 79.5 79.0 80.0 83.5 79.0 79.5 80.5 78.5 80.5 81.5 81.0 80.5 82.0 81.5 80.0 80.5 80.0 79.0 80.0 79.5 80.0 82.0 79.0 80.0 81.5 83.0 81.5 85.5 80.0 82.0 85.0 82.0 85.5 86.5 85.0 84.5 87.0 85.5 81.5 84.0 84.0
84.0 85.0 82.0 81.5 82.0 82.0 83.5 86.0 82.0 83.0 82.0 82.5 83.5 83.5 85.5 85.0 85.0 85.5 82.5 83.0 83.0 82.5 83.5 83.5 83.5 84.0 83.5 84.0 84.0 85.0 85.5 88.0 84.5 84.5 86.0 86.5 88.5 89.0 89.0 89.0 89.0 88.5 85.0 86.0 86.5
4.0 4.0 3.0 2.5 2.5 3.0 3.5 2.5 3.0 3.5 1.5 4.0 3.0 2.0 4.5 4.5 3.0 4.0 2.5 2.5 3.0 3.5 3.5 4.0 3.5 2.0 4.5 4.0 2.5 2.0 4.0 2.5 4.5 2.5 1.0 4.5 3.0 2.5 4.0 4.5 2.0 3.0 3.5 2.0 2.5
(o
ro
213
m O o O O in o in in in o o in in in O o o O in O O in O O o o o in in o in o o o in O in o O in o in tn o N rsS in tg OJ m CM m w d Kl N rn CM Kl rn rn >» m OJ m CM rn rn d (0 m sf ro ru OJ •- rn C*J rn m rn CM CM in in e o in in o in in in o o in in in o O in in in o o in o o in o o tn in o in o o o tn o tn o o in in in in o in 00 oi m 00 s CO in ro 00 00 in CM 00 00 in oo in 00 :SSSS rn 00 in 00 CM CO CM OO tn oo N* in Q CO in in oo 00 CO oo in ^ 00 » m tn 00 00 CM CO in CO CO CO in 00 in 00 m oo in CO o in o o in o o o o o o O O o o o o in in o o o o o o in o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o in o o o s OJ oo CM 00 4
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m T— V CM rn in «— *— CM •»* •— «— CM sO rO in •-r-
in CM rn tn CM «—
o «4' o fO o o o nJ- o o CM O o o •- !>»- o CM o m o o CO m o o o o o o o o vT o in o oo o o Kl O o o CM o o oo o o m o o o •O Oo o o *- OQ o in o >a o o m *- O in g o oo o o o >o o
in «o •—
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O oo o e s o o o o o oo o o CO o o CO o o o o o o o o o N- o o o rv. o "O O CM o o O O* o m
o h- o o «- o O o O CM o o O w- p o N> 00 O O CM *- o o o o o 00 o 00 o o o CO o o o o S o o o o CO *— CM tfm CM CM CM CM CM CM CM w— CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM
e o 00 o o o O' O O ^ h- o o Qs >0 o 00 O o p so N> o OS o o o 00 e s O CO o o o o 00 o o in *o o o Kl o o in -o o o ^ >o O O 0» tn o o in CO o in o >o o o o >o o CO o >»
O r««- O O 00 ->«-CXJ (M CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM rn CM CM IM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM rn CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM
o m o o O o o CM g O O in O O N- m o tn o o o >o O tfo o CM O O in O CM g o CO O in o m
o o o *0 •vj' O o ««0 •N* o o tn m O O O •>* O O o in o o in N. o m
o ^a-
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st in •va •»# Nj- in s# m >* ^a• >» •sa >*
CO Kl in IM m •- o h. N* (M in Oo 00 r>^ CO h- in oo •- CO CM in CO in m m ^ «- rn m CO m N. in in in «- o m oT CM Ch N! CM in in rn in in CO in in «o CM d «o m "O in in CO CM m CM tn tn IS
in «o CM CM in >}• ^ T— CM CO >o m Ch. in tn m m in N. m «— t—
in Os CM >T *— T— CM d m >3- m •.»
*— sf CM CM tn d Oo
U. B73
H
oi 7
u. 873
Ho
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F1
873
Ho
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7
1^ 873
Ho1
7
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N.
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Ho
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N-^ r-X u. 87
3 H
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^R U. CO Ho1
7
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Ho
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11. R CO Ho
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u. 873
Ho1
7
9390
1 93
901
9390
1 93
902
9390
2 93
902
9470
1 94
701
9470
1 CM O m o 94
302 90
6E6
Z0EV
6
9390
6 93
906 o m
9430
1 94
301
8910
1 89
101
8910
1 94
303 m o m •Nf
Ch 9430
3 94
304
9430
4 94
304
8910
7 89
107
8910
7 90
303
9030
3 90
303
9150
5 91
505
9150
5 90
703
9070
3 90
703
9230
2 92
302
9230
2 92
703
9270
3 92
703
«o rvi OJ N. CM CM
CO CM CM o CM CM
o rn CM CM m m CM CM
m <<r m m CM CM
tn m CM o m CM
h- CO fn m CM (M Oo m (M
o CM CM
CM vT CM m •J-CM CM
in >4-CM '«4' CM h-•»* CM
CO NT CM Oo o in CM CM
f- CM in in CM CM tn I* tn in CM CM
in oC in tn CM CM h. CO in tn CM CM
o in >o CM CM CM CM oO CM
ro -t CM CM
in CM
o oO CM N. O CM
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in o CM in in o o CM CM
o in o CM
Oo tn o CM
O in o CM
Oo tn o CM
Oo in o CM
o> in o CM
Oo in o CM
Oo in o CM
O in o CM
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Oo Oo in in o o CM CM
O o tn in o o CM CM
0> Oo in in o o CM CM
o> in in o o CM CM
O Ch in in o o CM CM
Oo tn o CM
O in o CM
o o» *-• *— tn in o o CM CM
O' tn o CM
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Oo Oo in m o o CM CM
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o o o in in o in o o o o m o O in o in o tn in O in o o m o in o in in (>J rA oj fO cO ro CM nj CM ro ro ro cO CM N* fO lO sr ro ro ro ro c\i cv ro " '
in in in in o o tn o o in o tn in o in o in o o in o in in in o o m o o tn in CO S & CM 00 in
00 CM CO CO S 3 c8 a s
in CO in CO ei tn CO in CO s
CM CO ro CO ro CO
CM 00 3 CM CO s ci 3
in in in o in o o o o in o o in o o o o o in o o o in in in o o o m o s
ro in OO CO R CM 00 o CO 00 S o8 s s s ro OO o CO ro 00 o 00 5 ni CO o 00 N. s s R CM 00 00 CO N. 00 <«o CO CM N. CM OO CM K in o« CM N. in «- Oo 00 CM in CM <o in O r—
«— CNJ ^ «— CM o> 1
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•— CM in f- o ^ •" 1
CM O
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ro o i in <y ro o> nj <y O o c> cd o
(M fXJ 00 ro N. in 9 h- ro o CM CM CM 00 in o •J- «-
CM (\J 00 fO f\J CM CM
o CM
in sis *- CM CM *-
00 CM ro CM CM
Ch CM CM CM
ro CM
od o CM
CM
CM «— CM 1 CM
od *— CM
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od o CM 1
CM o CM
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rs! o CM
o CM
O o O O O O o T— o CM
o o o •- O O o o o o o o O O O O o o o o O o O o o o O O O o O o o o O o o O o O o o O O O O o o O O o ro o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
o O O CM Nt O CM o o o o c:> o o o o o o O o o o o CM o o CM O O o o NO o o o o o o o o o o o o o
o o p •»* N. O ro o «o O O ro ro o o
CM Ch o o ««»ro o o
CM O o o o ro o o o o o O o o «— o o o O ro o
ro o *— O O O
CM o o CM O
o o o CO
o o o in o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o O o CO 00 00 st yr- 00 "O ^ o o «o o o CM od CM CM CM o "O CM C4 CM ^ O o CM o CM o o o o o o o in o o
o o O O O O o o o o o o o o O O o o o o *- o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o O
CM O o o «-• o o o o o o o o o
CO o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
o o o o o o o o o CM O o o o o o CM o o o o o o o o o CM o o o o CM o o o o o o o o o o o o
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o O o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o O o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o in o
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o O o o o o o o o o o o o
o o o o o
CM o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
r- *— *— *— r— *— «— *- «— •- *- *- *—
O c^ O o O CM
o CO o o o o CM ro p o ts. CO o p ro rv. o o ^ o o CO
o o o o in o CM
O o o
o CO o o* o sr o fs. o ro o in o vO o NO o *— o o
CO o tn o rw o
o o ro o o o ON o o ro o o
GO CO o CO
o in o o CO NO
ro "O nj to CM tn CM •>* in ro ro tn ro ro ro in N ro CM in ** ro -J- "6 ro in Od ro NO CM ro NO CM ro CM •N* in CM
o o o o O 00 o 00 o » o o CO o o o ro o o o o o of in o ro o ro o
in o '>0 o o o fw o >o o o o o o o o «o o ro o o
CM o o in CM
o CM
o CO
o CM
o 00 o CM
o ro o NO
o o o o in ro o *— o CO
o o ro CO •-*
Ni in >d m «o rC^o ed >6 t-" od "O in >6 in in in in «-•
•J" cd ^ ro NO *—
in ro N! in ro NO in CM NO
o ro o o
CM O o ro o
CM o o o* ro o o
CM *-o o in •— o o o o o o o ro o
Ch o ro o o» O O
o o o o> o o o o o o CM
o ro o >3- o
CM o CO
o o o in o in o NO o tn o in o in o CO
o in o o NO CM
o in o in o o CO in OJ (M nj CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM «-• CM Ifmm • •
«— «—
o in o o ootn o O N. o o •«» p O ro O O '»» "O o o in tn g o •J- o ST
o o m O in o o o in o O GO
o in O N. o <3 O >o o sS- o NO
o o in r^ o CO g o h- o o o
NO o CO
o CO o '•O o o CO OO
o fN- o 00 o o CO in ru CM CM CM CM nj CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM (M CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM
o 60 o o <> o in O 00 o o
CM o o CO sr Sg o o in in S o -o O
CM s o vT o •<r O "O o
CM O O CO o •NT O
CO O OO
o o O tn o fO o o in nj- o CM o o ro o
•NT O o o ro O NO
o o o o ^ o» o o o CM
o o in o sT •<r •vj- •»» «» •sj- •N* HJ- ^a' N.* ro •NJ* •»*
ro in O o« in in in in N. fN. o o ro CO ro ON m ro ro ON ro 00 00 o ro CO o 0^ 00 in in tn ro in ro tn R od ro ro •N* «r- vn
NO ro NO *-•
ro in tn 5
O NO ON •sa- in *— in ro in ro in in in to o ro ro in o >» Ch CM
CM •N» CO CM ro >o in in •N* o in NO ro o >o
ir~
CM o SP o o cd o
sj" cd o
CM CO in CO ro in >*• IP •>0 od CM On b- 0 0 0
««•
- R ' S ^ R ' S ^ R " 5 ^ R o - R ' 5 ^ R " 5 ^ R " 5 ^ R " 5 ^ R ' S ^ R o ^ P " 5 - P o - R o - P o r - R o u.cdx^cszu.(nxu.cdx^qqzu.eqxtfettx^fioxu>cozta«caz^cazt^a3xt^gdzu.cazu.gax
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o m^^mk>mwkiwr<ikik>fomki^r-^oj(\irxi^^w—^y^-n^oooeocococoeocolninmadcococof* — o*o^oo.o«o«o^o*<>^c>o><>^oo»o*o*o>o*o^o»o»o^o*o^o»o^o^eoeococoeoooo«o«o»sjcococo<
in N. fi ON 0 CM ro •»» in NO N- CO 9* 0 CM ro Vj" in •o N. CO 0* 0 CM ro m CO n CO CO on Oo on <y 0 0 0 o» 0 On 0 T— CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM ro 0 o on on 0^ 0 on o> 0 o« 0^ o> On 0 on ON 0 c^ on 0 on 0 0 on c>> 0
«— *— *— tn in tn in in in in in tn in in in in in in tn no no no no NO nO no no nO nO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM fVJ CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM
Table D5. continued.
Env. Entry Hale Tester YD ED CD
g/plant cm cm
KD EL RN EP BP RL SL DE PH EH AN SE SD
cm cm no. no. % X X X cm cm days days days
20619 16 95904 F1 97.8 20619 17 95904 B73 67.0 20619 18 95904 Hoi 7 110.8 20619 19 88703 F1 92.3 20619 20 88703 B73 105.8 20619 21 88703 Hoi 7 85.4 20619 22 88704 F1 113.3 20619 23 88704 B73 99.8 20619 24 88704 Ho17 80.0 20619 25 228714 F1 97.5 20619 26 228714 B73 103.3 20619 27 228714 Hoi 7 111.3 20619 28 89102 F1 113.5 20619 29 89102 B73 75.0 20619 30 89102 Hoi 7 131.5 20619 31 89103 F1 73.5 20619 32 89103 B73 81.2 20619 33 89103 Hoi 7 97.5 20619 34 89104 F1 117.9 20619 35 89104 B73 129.5 20619 36 89104 Hoi 7 94.0 20619 37 89105 F1 86.3 20619 38 89105 B73 97.0 20619 39 89105 Hoi 7 95.8 20619 40 229115 F1 99.8 20619 41 229115 B73 89.8 20619 42 229115 Hoi 7 91.8 : 20619 43 89501 F1 110.3 20619 44 89501 B73 99.8 . 20619 45 89501 Hoi 7 116.3 ' 20619 46 89502 F1 126.5 ' 20619 47 89502 B73 113.4 . 20619 48 89502 Hoi 7 83.9 : 20619 49 89503 F1 100.0 ' 20619 50 89503 B73 115.0 . 20619 51 89503 Hoi 7 107.9 1 20619 52 231916 F1 114.3 . 20619 53 231916 B73 87.8 • 20619 54 231916 Hoi 7 132.5 ^ 20619 55 229524 F1 104.0 < 20619 56 229524 B73 100.0 ' 20619 57 229524 Hoi 7 107.5 i 20619 58 89506 F1 122.5 < 20619 59 89506 B73 112.8 1 20619 60 89506 Hoi 7 111.5 '
4.10 4.10 4.00 4.00 4.30 3.90 4.10 4.20 3.70 4.10 4.50 4.10 4.40 4.30 4.30 3.90 4.30 4.00 4.00 4.60 4.00 4.00 4.20 3.90 4.10 4.50 3.90 4.20 4.40 4.10 4.30 4.40 3.70 4.20 4.40 4.00 4.30 4.30 4.20 4.40 4.60 4.00 4.50 4.60 4.00
2.80 2.90 2.50 2.70 2.60 2.40 2.50 2.80 2.50 2.50 3.00 2.80 2.70 2.80 2.70 2.30 2.80 2.40 2.60 2.70 2.70 2.50 2.70 2.40 2.60 2.80 2.50 2.70 3.00 2.50 2.60 2.70 2.30 2.60 2.70 2.40 2.70 2.60 2.60 2.60 3.00 2.60 2.80 2.80 2.60
1.40 1.20 1.50 1.40 1.70 1.50 1.60 1.50 1.20 1.60 1.50 1.30 1.70 1.50 1.60 1.60 1.50 1.60 1.50 2.00 1.40 1.50 1.60 1.70 1.60 1.70 1.40 1.60 1.50 1.60 1.70 1.70 1.50 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.60 1.70 1.60 1.80 1.70 1.40 1.70 1.80 1.60
14.80 13.30 17.50 14.80 14.10 16.20 16.60 14.90 15.80 14.60 13.70 17.30 15.90 12.50 17.30 13.90 13.00 14.50 15.70 15.10 17.00 14.10 14.50 17.00 15.50 13.90 16.50 15.70 14.30 17.40 16.90 14.80 15.20 15.30 14.50 16.10 15.30 13.60 17.60 14.60 14.30 16.50 15.90 13.70 16.90
14.00 15.30 12.60 14.10 15.80 12.50 13.00 14.80 11.50 13.20 14.70 12.60 14.10 15.30 13.40 13.10 15.10 12.20 13.40 15.50 12.00 13.90 13.90 12.10 13.60 15.00 12.20 13.40 14.40 12.10 13.30 15.10 11.60 14.40 15.40 13.00 14.70 16.30 12.90 14.40 16.50 12.30 14.30 17.10 12.60
1.00 0.80 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.20 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.90 0.90 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.90 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
0.0 25.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
10.0 10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.80 0.00 0.00 0.00
2.40 0.00 0.00 5.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.10 2.10 2.20 5.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.00 0.00 2.70 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.10 5.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.40 0.00 2.10 4.20 2.30 5.00
0.00 2.30 3.00 0.00 2.40 0.00 2.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.70 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.50
H
Table D5. continued.
Env. Entry Hale Tester YD ED CD KD EL RN EP
g/plant cm cm cm cm no. no.
20619 61 89507 F1 110.3 4.40 2.70 1 .70 15.70 14.60 1 .00 20619 62 89507 B73 91.3 4.30 2.90 1 .40 13.60 15.50 1 .00 20619 63 89507 Hoi 7 106.1 4.10 2.60 1 .60 17.60 13.30 1 .00 20619 64 89901 F1 117.1 4.40 2.80 1 .60 16.30 14.30 1 .00 20619 65 89901 B73 126.3 4.50 3.00 1 .60 15.60 15.90 1 .00 20619 66 89901 Hoi 7 110.7 4.00 2.60 1 .40 16.70 12.20 1 .00 20619 67 89902 F1 124.0 4.40 2.80 1 .70 14.90 14.00 1 .00 20619 68 89902 B73 113.7 4.50 3.00 1 .60 13.20 16.00 1 .00 20619 69 89902 Ho17 92.5 4.10 2.70 1 .50 16.20 13.00 1 .00 20619 70 89903 F1 127.6 4.40 2.70 1 .70 15.70 14.50 1.00 20619 71 89903 B73 140.6 4.50 2.60 1 .90 14.80 16.00 1 .00 20619 72 89903 Hoi 7 80.3 3.80 2.40 1 .40 14.20 11.70 1 .00 20619 73 89904 F1 101.6 4.20 2.60 1 .60 14.90 12.80 1 .00 20619 74 89904 873 124.7 4.40 2.60 1 .90 14.90 15.20 1 .00 20619 75 89904 Hoi 7 81.5 3.70 2.40 1 .30 15.20 11.30 1 .00 20619 76 90301 F1 116.8 4.30 2.70 1 .60 15.40 14.30 1 .00 20619 77 90301 B73 123.8 4.50 2.80 1 .80 14.50 16.10 1 .00 20619 78 90301 Hoi 7 87.8 3.90 2.50 1 .40 15.50 12.40 1 .00 20619 79 90302 F1 108.2 4.20 2.80 1 .60 15.60 14.00 1 .00 20619 80 90302 B73 89.3 4.10 2.80 1.30 13.30 15.60 1 .00 20619 81 90302 Ho17 123.8 4.20 2.90 1 .40 17.80 12.90 1 .00 20619 82 229921 F1 120.0 4.30 2.80 1 .70 15.80 13.90 1, .00 20619 83 229921 B73 92.8 4.10 2.70 1 .50 13.60 16.00 1 .00 20619 84 229921 Hoi 7 111.3 4.40 2.70 1 .70 17.10 13.70 1 .00 20619 85 230323 F1 117.9 4.40 2.70 1 .70 16.00 13.90 1 .00 20619 86 230323 B73 107.1 4.30 2.80 1 .50 14.20 15.10 1, .00 20619 87 230323 Ho17 103.9 4.00 2.50 1 .50 16.70 11.80 1 .00 20619 88 226720 F1 91.3 4.30 2.70 1 .70 14.00 14.50 1, .00 20619 89 226720 873 138.1 4.80 3.00 1 .90 15.60 15.90 1 .00 20619 90 226720 Hoi 7 114.3 4.10 2.70 1 .40 17.40 13.10 1.00 20619 91 90306 F1 118.6 4.50 2.80 1 .70 14.90 14.00 1, .00 20619 92 90306 873 114.8 4.50 2.70 1 .80 13.70 15.60 1.00 20619 93 90306 Hoi 7 106.0 4.10 2.50 1 .60 15.20 12.60 1, .00 20619 94 230322 F1 105.7 4.30 2.80 1, .50 14.10 13.70 1.00 20619 95 230322 B73 120.3 4.50 2.80 1 .80 13.90 14.70 1, .00 20619 96 230322 Ho17 115.7 4.10 2.40 1 .70 16.20 12.70 1, .00 20619 97 230701 F1 115.1 4.40 2.60 1, .80 14.90 13.90 1.00 20619 98 230701 B73 124.8 4.50 2.80 1, .80 14.10 15.50 1. .00 20619 99 230701 Hoi 7 120.9 4.10 2.60 1, .50 16.80 12.60 1. .00 20619 100 231103 F1 103.6 4.20 2.70 1, .50 15.70 14.20 1. .00 20619 101 231103 B73 103.2 4.40 2.80 1, .70 14.60 15.20 1, .00 20619 102 231103 Ho17 117.3 4.10 2.50 1, .60 17.90 12.30 1, .00 20619 103 232306 F1 98.1 4.20 2.60 1. .70 13.80 14.50 1. .00 20619 104 232306 B73 105.6 4.40 2.70 1, .80 13.60 15.80 1. .00 20619 105 232306 Hoi 7 96.4 4.00 2.40 1, .60 16.10 12.60 1. .00
BP RL SL DE PK EH AN SE SD
XX X X cm cm days days days
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.0
0.00 0.00 o.oo 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 o.oo 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2.80 0.00 3.60 ^>.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.40 2.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.60 0.00 2.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.20 0.00 2.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.40 4.20 2.10 0.00 2.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.10 0.00 0.00 2.50 2.20
0.00 0.00 3.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.10 0.00 2.30 2.40 0.00 4.20 0.00 0.00 8.20 0.00 0.00 2.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0,00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.20
Table D5. continued.
Env. Entry Hale Tester YD ED CD KD EL RH EP BP RL
g/plant cm cm cm cm no. no. X %
SL DE PH EH AN SE SD
X X on cm days days days
20619 106 231905 F1 112.4 20619 107 231905 B73 117.8 20619 108 231905 Mo17 116.1 20619 109 231104 F1 120.7 20619 110 231104 873 109.9 20619 111 231104 Hoi 7 104.7 20619 112 91101 F1 100.7 20619 113 91101 B73 91.0 20619 114 91101 Hoi 7 106.8 20619 115 232707 F1 107.4 20619 116 232707 873 106.6 20619 117 232707 Ho17 117.3 20619 118 91103 F1 118.1 20619 119 91103 B73 96.3 20619 120 91103 Hoi 7 104.0 20619 121 91104 F1 120.6 20619 122 91104 B73 126.5 20619 123 91104 Ho17 116,2 20619 124 226309 F1 111.9 20619 125 226309 B73 104.9 20619 126 226309 Hoi 7 110.9 20619 127 91501 F1 112.5 . 20619 128 91501 B73 113.4 20619 129 91501 Hoi 7 114.8 20619 130 91502 F1 118.3 ' 20619 131 91502 B73 137.4 . 20619 132 91502 Hoi 7 121.7 • 20619 133 91503 F1 134.3 ' 20619 134 91503 B73 109.5 ' 20619 135 91503 Hoi 7 100.7 ' 20619 136 91504 F1 115.2 ' 20619 137 91504 B73 95.1 . 20619 138 91504 Hoi 7 92.2 : 20619 139 227110 F1 110.8 . 20619 140 227110 B73 104.2 ' 20619 141 227110 Hol7 114.2 ' 20619 142 91901 F1 96.1 ' 20619 143 91901 B73 115.5 ' 20619 144 91901 Ho17 113.8 ' 20619 145 91902 F1 125.8 ' 20619 146 91902 B73 138.0 ' 20619 147 91902 Hoi 7 112.0 1 20619 148 91903 F1 105.6 : 20619 149 91903 B73 127.8 i 20619 150 91903 Ho17 80.6 ;
4.30 4.40 4.00 4.40 4.50 4.00 4.30 4.40 4.10 4.20 4.30 4.20 4.30 4.30 3.70 4.40 4.60 4.00 4.30 4.20 4.00 4.30 4.40 4.10 4.20 4.60 4.00 4.40 4.30 4.00 4.50 4.40 3.70 4.30 4.40 4.10 4.20 4.50 4.00 4.20 4.80 4.10 3.90 4.40 3.50
2.60 2.80 2.50 2.70 2.80
,40 .90 00
.60
.70 2.90 2.70 2.70 2.70 2.50 2.70 2.70 2.40 2.60 2.80 2.60 2.70 2.90 2.60 2.70 3.00 2.50 2.70 2.90 2.50 2.70 2.90 2.40 2.80 2.90 2.60 2.60 3.00 2.50 2.90 2.80 2.50 2.50 2.80 2.30
1.70 1.70 1.50 1.80 1.80 1.60 1.50 1.50 1.60 1.60 1.50 1.60 1.70 1.60 1.40 1.70 1.90 1.60 1.70 1.50 1.40 1.70 1.50 1.50 1.60 1.80 1.50 1.70 1.60 1.50 1.80 1.70 1.40 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.70 1.60 1.30 2.00 1.70 1.40 1.70 1.20
15.80 14.40 17.90 14.80 14.50 16.50 14.10 13.20 16.30 15.50 14.10 16.90 15.20 13.00 16.70 15.40 14.20 17.30 14.30 14.10 16.80 15.50 14,80 16.70 14.90 14.30 16.90 15.40 13.90 15.00 15.10 13.40 16.20 14.00 13.10 16.00 14.20 13.90 17.00 16.50 14.50 16.30 16.20 16.20 16.00
14.00 15.80 12.70 13.80 14.90 11.90 14.90 16.70 12.90 15.40 16.60 13.10 13.60 15.20 11.40 14.00 16.20 12.40 14.10 16.00 13.30 14.10 15.40 13.00 13.30 14.70 11.90 14.10 15.60 12.70 14.40 15.60 11.90 15.00 17.00 13.00 13.80 16.30 13.30 13.90 16.60 12.70 12.00 13.90 10.90
1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2.10 0.00 2.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.10 3.10 8.60 0.00 7.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.80
00 10 00 00 50 00
2.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.30
0.00 0.00 4.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.80 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
218
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Table D5. continued.
Env. Entry Male Tester YD ED CD KD EL RN EP
g/plant cm cm cm cm no. no.
BP RL SL DE PH EH AN SE SD
XX X X cm cm days days days
20619 241 94301 F1 103.1 20619 242 94301 B73 102.7 20619 243 94301 Ho17 104.2 20619 244 89101 F1 121.7 20619 245 89101 B73 111.8 20619 246 89101 Hoi 7 127.5 20619 247 94303 F1 110.4 20619 248 94303 B73 116.7 20619 249 94303 Hoi 7 112.5 20619 250 94304 F1 122.3 20619 251 94304 B73 123.7 20619 252 94304 Hol7 119.4 20619 253 89107 F1 91.7 20619 254 89107 B73 129.5 20619 255 89107 Hoi 7 112.1 20619 256 90303 F1 118.6 20619 257 90303 B73 127.5 20619 258 90303 Hoi 7 100.9 20619 259 91505 F1 110.0 20619 260 91505 B73 118.0 20619 261 91505 Hoi 7 100.0 20619 262 90703 F1 121.3 20619 263 90703 B73 122.7 20619 264 90703 Ho17 92.0 20619 265 92302 F1 119.2 20619 266 92302 B73 115.0 20619 267 92302 Hol7 118.9 20619 268 92703 F1 105.3 20619 269 92703 B73 112.8 20619 270 92703 Hoi 7 90.1 20619 271 92706 F1 105.1 20619 272 92706 B73 113.4 20619 273 92706 Hoi 7 112.0 20619 274 93102 F1 112.3 20619 275 93102 B73 131.7 20619 276 93102 Ho17 105.2 20619 277 93504 F1 119.2 20619 278 93504 B73 139.1 20619 279 93504 Hoi 7 100.7 20619 280 93506 F1 107.6 20619 281 93506 873 107.4 20619 282 93506 Ho17 104.7 20619 283 93903 F1 108.7 20619 284 93903 B73 131.7 20619 285 93903 Hoi 7 121.4
4.00 4.10 3.70 4.30 4.50 4.20 4.30 4.40 4.00 4.40 4.60 4.10 3.90 4.50 3.90 4.50 4.70 4.10 4.30 4.40 4.10 4.20 4.40 3.80 4.30 4.50 4.00 4.10 4.30 3.80 4.10 4.50 4.00 4.40 4.70 4.00 4.30 4.70 3.90 4.30 4.30 4.00 4.20 4.50 4.10
2.70 2.80 2.60 2.80 2.80 2.60 2.50 2.80 2.60 2.80 2.90 2.60 2.50 2.80 2.40 2.80 3.00 2.60 2.80 2.90 2.60 2.70 2.80 2.40 2.70 2.90 2.60 2.70 2.80 2.50 2.60 2.80 2.50 2.80 3.00 2.70 2.80 2.80 2.30 2.80 3.00 2.60 2.70 3.00 2.60
1.30 1.30 1.20 1.60 1.70 1.60 1.80 1.70 1.60 1.60 1.70 1.50 1.40 1.80 1.60 1.70 1.90 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.50 1.50 1.60 1.40 1.60 1.70 1.40 1.50 1.50 1.30 1.50 1.70 1.60 1.70 1.80 1.50 1.70 1.90 1.60 1.50 1.50 1.40 1.60 1.60 1.50
14.70 14.00 16.60 14.90 12.60 17.30 15.10 15.00 17.50 15.40 14.30 16.50 13.70 15.50 17.10 14.00 13.20 14.60 15.60 13.50 15.90 15.80 15.50 16.50 16.30 13.30 16.30 15.10 15.20 15.20 14.60 14.50 16.60 13.30 13.80 15.60 15.00 14.10 15.80 15.20 14.30 17.20 14.50 15.10 17.70
13.30 15.50 12.30 15.10 16.90 13.70 14.80 16.40 13.10 14.00 15.80 13.60 12.70 15.00 12.00 14.30 16.90 12.80 14.70 15.70 12.90 13.20 14.70 12.00 13.80 15.70 12.80 13.50 15.00 12.10 13.80 15.30 12.70 13.70 15.70 12.70 13.80 15.40 12.20 14.90 16.50 12.80 13.10 15.90 12.10
1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.00 0.00 0.00 4.80 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.10 2.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.10 0.00 0.00
0.00 2.10 0.00 4.80 2.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.10 2.20 4.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.50 0.00 0.00 2.10 4.80 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.00 0.00 3.00 0.00 8.70 2.10 4.90 2.30 4.20 4.20 0.00 2.40 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.00 0.00 0.00 4.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
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no o
NO CM in CM ro CM
«— fT" in oo in CM N. CO CM O in ^ in in o >o in M) r- ro r- o CM ro h- in CO O T- in to *— >1" NO V- ro tn NO 00 «-<o Kl rg
CK CM rg i CM
CO CM CM d CM CM
in CM
in CM
CM •-•O CM CM CM CO CM
Sj-CM rvj
«-- 00 CM CM CM
CM CM CM
CM <r" CM IM to CM
CM sy CM to CM
ro CM CM
O CM CM CM CM CM CM CM K O CM
ro CM
CO o CM CM NO o CM
CM CO CM CM CM CM ro o CM
ro ro CM •— N. Ni- CM CM CM
tn CM CM Ch ro CM
d ro CM d CM CM
ro ro CM to o CM
ro CM CM *— CM CM CM
on ro CM
•— tn in ro CM CM
o o o o o o O o o o o o O o o o o o O o o o O O O O O O O o o o O o o o o O O o o O o O o O o O C9 o o o O O o o O o o o o o o o o o o o
o o o o o o O o o o O o o o O o o o O o
o d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d o d CM o d d d o d d CM d d o d d d d o d d d d d d d d d d
o o o o o o o o o CM o ro o o o o o CM o o o o «-• o
ro o o o o <> o <o o
o o o ^ e o
o o CM o Nf
o o o o T" o o *- o o CM o
ro o o «— ro o o o in o CM o o o o o o o o o o o CM o o o «-
o d d d CM d CM d CM CM CM d >d CO d CM d d in CO CM d CM CM d CM NO CM NO d d d d CM CM o d d CM
o o o o o o o ro O o o o O o o o o e O o 'O o o o o o ro O o o o o o o o o o o o CM O o o o ro o o o
o O o o o w- o o o
o o O O «— O o o o o o o o o o O o O o o o o o O CM o o o o o d d >o d d d d d CM d d d d d o d >t d d K cO CM o d CM d o d CM d d d d CM d d d d d d d
o o o o o o o o o O o o o o o o o o o o o o o o O o o o o o o o o o o o O o o o o o o o o o d d d d d d d d d d d d o d d d o o d d d d d o d d d d o d d d d d o d o d o o d d d d
o o o o o o o o o o o o o T- o o o o o o o «- o CM
o *— o o o o o o o o «- o o o
o o o o o o o OJ o o o o o o o o o o o o ro o o
o o o o o o o o o o
o o o o o o o o o
*— •" *• '• '- *- '- *- *-
o rvj o o o «-• o o o in o o o o o o o ro
o ro o o o o ro CM o in o o o >* o *-• o c o rs. o o h- c^ o o o SO o o o •— o o o ro O O «- o <3 o o o o *— o o« o CO o no o CM
o o o o in
o no o ro o o o o> in "6 CM •J- od ro in in ro ro CM T— in ro sT T-" in CM r«- CM in >o ro >3- in CM «-• ro St in <o ro ro *-* tn *— fO NO CM sj- in ro ro st CM w—
o o h-o o r o CM •
o m o p o o in o in o o in o CM
o o o 00
o o o ro O o o r
o "O o c> o o o 00
o o o o in 00 o >o o o o
CM O o tn o
h-o o>
o o o o o o o o ro o CO o CO o o sT ro OJ po tn *- CM CM ^ >T •— o^ %o ^ r— ro N! >» CM >6 ro d
•— sf d rC ro w— ^ >o CM NO ot r^ >» sj- in o ««.* CM CO NO
o o o o •«T O <o o «o o «o o oo §g O o CO
o o CO O 00
O CO S o -so o o o o o CO CO o o o o >o o o o o CO
O O r«» o o ro O o o tn CO g s o On o 00 o o o o h-o Oo g O
fo-o o NO r^
r- OJ «r— *-'-
*" •-• CM CM CM «— *— CM cO r-' *— *—
o oo o c> o in O oo o o o o CO o o Oj o CO o o o o h- CO
o o o r^ o CO
o o» o o g o o o >o o c> O o o r»«-o r-o CO
o m o o NO (h
o NO
O 00
o o o no o CO o o» s o no o o o •4" o 00
o o o no O 00 o o on no
Ol r>j nj CM ro CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM ro CM (M CM CM CM ro CM CM ro CM rvi CM CM CM CM CM CM ro CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM ro CM CM CM CM o irv o o CO o '«*
o in o to o O O GO CM o to O r««. o o CM >0 s O m o •J* O in o in o o o CO o CO o o o CM
o o CO
o ro o o ro O o O CO O o tn ro o tn O tn o tn o "»»• o
CO O o o tn
o o O ro o ro O O
•<f ro sf lO 'J' s* •J- in -J- >3- 'sT ro sa- >»• s* •st >f
ooor\jcdin^eo(>i^w^ 0*^kjfvic0«0h-tnc0^f\jfm'«0o^^oc0t^»0kjn^nimrvjc0r0ii^^c0*-fm0»0*m>»>0
osrvjs.<rcoin>^o>^o^m^rm^^m
._ - - - - f** *• f*" n» n" n.
u.edxi^iozu.edxt^caztkeax^fioxu.cozu.gdzu.oozu.cdxulcdz(kcdzt^a)zuucdzikcbx O. On CK r" CM CM CM ro ro ro o o O •— CM CM CM ro ro ro o O o O o O o O o o o o o o o o o O o o O o O o o o 9- ro ?2 ro tn tn in in in in in in in in in in o On o ON o On On On On NO NO NO •— tNo tw. rs. ON On CM CM
(M CM CM CM On Ot a> ON (y On On o» O O On CM CM CM CM CM CM a 5 a o O a
*-.^^c\jrvjf\j%oo>o«-«-T-fororo
rvJCMOJCMCMCM f \ J ( M C M
r". <\ikinyin*oh-coo*o fnjron in n.coo»o*-f\jpo«.*tn
(njfvjf\ifvirnjf\if\if\jfvifvjr\jf\ifuc\iojf\jf\ifnjfviruf\jrvjfvir\jrvjf\ji\jojfmf^c\jojfgrufgcurg^rmryfmrmronjr^
ro rv> ro ru ro ro ro ro r\> ro ro ro ro ro ro ro ro ro ro ro ro ro ro ro ro ro ro ro ro ro o o c> o Ch €h o o o» Ch o o o o o* o« o Ov c^ o c> o -o o "O <o •o "O <o o o «o o >o o o o o «o "O *o o 3 "i <o ro ro ro ro ro ro ro ro ro ro ro «.» V .. ..f . - . _k »* . -» o o o o o o o o o o «o <o •o o V) •o «o « 00 9 00 9 09 Qo 09 00 00 o «o 09 *N o vn *«• ro o 00 •>1 o vn 4>- Ul ro -* o o m vn JS Ul ro
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X 09 3 09 X 00 -n z CO se 09 -n X 00 -n X 03 X CD X 03 T\ X 03 *n o ol _k o Di o Di o Di o a -* o a o a o Mb a •s •M •M -J
a a •^1
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*«. *«» *N *«• *S *<» vn M ''O vn vn •>J bw 1* vn k> bo bo M bo 1* bo Ul b« Ul bo -N| Ul •si Ul ro •s o o o O o o o o o o o o O o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o ro rj ro ro M ro ro ro ro ro ro ro Ul ro ro Ul ro ro ro ro ro Ul ro ro Ul ro lO M ro ^ 'o •s O bo o b^ bo bk 1* vn o vn *>i vn o •si Ul o bo Ov •si o o o o O o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o O o -»ro mJk — mJt — ro -* •>* —J> — -* ro _k ro _* _k _» ro ro bo ^ 09 •SI '*o -si o '*o bo bo bv bo bo to •Nl o bo o bo bo b^ •>1 o o o O o o o O o o O o o o o o o o o o o O o o o o o o o o o _k _» _» _* —* _k •«g ro Ul ro >o vn 'O Ul c>» 00 *»• •o -* 0^ ro vn Ul Ul Ul o U4 Ul ro ro o ru bv *«• ro Ul Ui b> v<. vn 1* Ul b' Ul o Ul vn •si Ul Is v> o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o O o o o o o ^ _» •A _» . . wk <pA M 04 Ui Ul ro vn *<» M Ul ro vn ro o^ ro vn Ul Ul vn vn ro *<•
•
1* UJ o o* ro Ul -sj o O bo L» bo fo bv o 1* bv Ui o •sj >_k o ro o o* o o O o o o o o o O o o o o o o o o o o o o o o O o o o o o -Jk _* r* r* r* -* _* -* -* _k _k _k _k -k _* _k —k o o o o o o o o o 1A o o o o Ifc Ik o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
o ro o o o o o o o ro o o o o o o o o *o o o *»• ro o o *S o o ro o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o ro o ro o o l\i •*k o o ro o o * . o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o O o o o o o o
ro <> *>• o o ro o o o ro o o o o o o ro o o ro o o ro o o ?" lO o -* o* r\j o a ank o Irt o o o o o o Ul o o o o o o Ul ro o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o ro o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
ro ro ro ro ro ro ro o- o* S o* (h o ch 3 3
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Table 05. continued.
Env. Entry Hale Tester YD ED CD KD EL RN EP BP RL SL DE PH EH AN SE SO
g/plant cm cm cm cm no. no. cm cm days days days
21619 211 93501 F1 90.6 21619 212 93501 B73 123.7 21619 213 93501 Ho17 125,1 21619 214 93502 F1 157.7 21619 215 93502 B73 177.5 21619 216 93502 Ho17 139,9 21619 217 94705 F1 124.3 21619 218 94705 B73 140.4 21619 219 94705 Hoi 7 119.1 21619 220 93505 F1 100.2 21619 221 93505 B73 94.0 21619 222 93505 Ho17 106.6 21619 223 94702 F1 120.4 21619 224 94702 B73 138.1 21619 225 94702 Hoi 7 133.3 21619 226 93901 F1 147.4 . 21619 227 93901 B73 104.1 ' 21619 228 93901 Hoi 7 119.8 ^ 21619 229 93902 F1 124.4 ' 21619 230 93902 B73 84.3 ' 21619 231 93902 Hoi 7 149.8 . 21619 232 94701 F1 111.8 ' 21619 233 94701 B73 114.0 < 21619 234 94701 Hoi 7 138.5 ' 21619 235 94302 F1 100.9 • 21619 236 94302 B73 112.3 1 21619 237 94302 Hoi 7 109.1 i 21619 238 93906 F1 124.1 . 21619 239 93906 B73 103.9 1 21619 240 93906 Hoi 7 116.1 i 21619 241 94301 F1 134.0 i 21619 242 94301 B73 131.8 < 21619 243 94301 Hoi 7 137.8 1 21619 244 89101 F1 127.1 1 21619 245 89101 B73 140.1 i 21619 246 89101 Ho17 120.1 < 21619 247 94303 F1 133.1 1 21619 248 94303 B73 131.4 -21619 249 94303 Ho17 130,7 i 21619 250 94304 F1 144.9 ' 21619 251 94304 B73 123.8 ' 21619 252 94304 Ho17 138.5 t 21619 253 89107 F1 116.1 ' 21619 254 89107 B73 143.2 ' 21619 255 89107 Hoi 7 128.7 -
4.20 4.60 4.30 4.70 5.00 4.50 4.40 4.70 4.20 4.70 4.80 4.20 4.60 5.00 4.30 4.60 4,70 4.10 4.50 4.60 4.50 4.50 4.90 4.30 4.70 5.10 4.50 4.40 5.30 4.20 4.40 4.50 4.20 4.70 4.80 4.20 4.50 4.50 4.20 4.60 4.60 4.10 4.20 4.70 4.10
2.80 2.90 2.60 3.00 3.10 2.80 2.80 3.00 2.60 3.00 3.00 2.70 2.80 3.00 2.60 2.70 3.00 2.40 2.80 3.00 2.60 2.80 3.10 2.60 3.00 3.20 2.80 2.70 3.20 2.50 2.60 2.80 2.50 2.90 3.10 2.50 2.80 2.80 2.60 2.80 2.90 2.50 2.50 2.90 2.40
1.50 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.90 1.70 1.60 1.80 1.60 1.80 2.00 1.50 2.00 2.10 1.80 1.90 1.80 1.70 1.80 1.70 1.90 1.70 1.90 1.70 1.80 1.90 1.70 1.80 2.20 1.70 1.80 1.70 1.70 1.80 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.80 1.60 1.90 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.90 1.80
12.20 12.90 15.70 15.40 15.30 15.60 15.60 13.90 16.80 11.30 10.10 13.30 12.90 12.50 16.40 15.20 10.70 16.90 14.20 11.70 16.60 12.90 11.00 15.80 10.70 10.60 12.30 14.80 13.70 15.00 15.50 15.90 16.90 14.50 14.30 15.60 16.10 14.40 17.10 16.10 13.90 18.20 15.40 14.70 17.20
14.20 15.90 12.80 15.70 17.20 14.50 14.40 14.80 11.70 14.10 15.90 12.40 13.90 16.50 12.60 14.00 16.20 12.40 13.90 14.20 12.90 14.50 15.90 12.80 14.90 16.30 13.30 14.30 17.00 12,30 14.20 15.90 12.90 15.20 16.80 12.50 15.10 17.20 13.30 14.80 15.90 13.10 12.60 15.10 12.40
1.10 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.10 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.00 1.00 1.00 1,10 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0,0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0,0 0,0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.10 5.30 0.00 2.10 4.20 2.10 4.50 0.00 2.10 2.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 4.20 0.00 0.00 2.10 0.00 0.00 2.10 4.40 0.00 2.10 0.00 4.20 0.00 2.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.10 2.10 0.00 0.00 2.70 2.10 0.00 0.00 2.10 4.50 2.10 0.00 0.00 4.20 0,00 2.10 0.00 4.20 0.00 2,10 2,10 0.00 0.00 0.00
2.10 2.10 0,00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.10 0.00 2.10 0.00 0,00 0.00 0.00 0,00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
215.7 230.1 220.9 239.5 227.0 227.2 225.8 236.0 221.9 239.5 243.6 239.2 230.5 235.7 217.8 216.7 231.2 215.5 232.4 242.8 216.8 227.0 233.2 213.2 213.4 221.4 218.8 232.0 234.5 230.0 226.7 230.1 231.5 226.6 239.7 223.0 220.0 229.7 210.8 218.6 222.9 211.3 234.2 238.3 224.1
113.2 117.7 109.5 122.5 107.8 116.3 107.5 117.9 111.0 123.9 128.8 133.0 114.2 117.7 108.5 105.2 114.5 104.5 120.6 131.3 107.8 116.9 114.2 100.9 97.3
106.4 108.6 120.8 119.3 113.5 112.3 111.7 120.6 118.4 119.8 113.7 109.2 116.1 100.0 107.4 113.8 103.3 114,8 121.7 112.5
79.5 81.0 78.5 77.0 79.5 79.5 79.5 81.5 82.0 80.5 82.0 82.0 78.5 78.0 78.0 76.0 79.5 79.5 82.0 83.0 78.5 78.0 79.0 75.5 77.0 80.0 78,5 83.0 82.0 80.0 80.5 80.0 81.0 79.5 79.5 79.5 78.0 78.5 77.0 77.0 82.0 81.0 81.0 81.0 79.5
82.0 82.0 81.0 81.0 81.5 83.0 84.0 84.5 85.0 84.0 84.0 84.5 81.5 81.0 81.0 78.5 81.5 82.0 84.0 85.0 81.0 81.0 81.0 79.5 81.0 82.0 81.5 85.0 83.0 84.0 82.0 81.0 83.0 81.0 79.5 81.0 79.0 82.0 80.0 81.0 83.5 81.5 84.0 82.5 82.0
2.5 1.0 2.5 4.0 2.0 3.5 4.5 3.0 3.0 3.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.5 2,0 2.5 2.0 2.0 2.5 3.0 2.0 4.0 4.0 2,0 3.0 2.0 1.0 4.0 1.5 1.0 2.0 1.5 0.0 1.5 1.0 3.5 3.0 4.0 1.5 0.5 3.0 1.5 2.5
to to O
Table D5. continued.
Env. Entry Hale Tester YD
g/plant
21619 256 90303 F1 80.1 21619 257 90303 B73 122.7 21619 258 90303 Hoi 7 102.9 21619 259 91505 F1 133.1 21619 260 91505 B73 131.8 21619 261 91505 Hoi 7 126.7 21619 262 90703 F1 126.8 21619 263 90703 B73 147.5 21619 264 90703 Ho17 146.1 21619 265 92302 F1 123.3 21619 266 92302 B73 116.9 21619 267 92302 Hoi 7 144.9 21619 268 92703 F1 139.2 21619 269 92703 B73 142.4 21619 270 92703 Hoi 7 77.9 21619 271 92706 F1 125.5 21619 272 92706 B73 149.8 21619 273 92706 Hol7 105.1 21619 274 93102 F1 133.9 21619 275 93102 873 143.3 21619 276 93102 Hoi 7 123.4 21619 277 93504 F1 125.2 21619 278 93504 B73 148.4 21619 279 93504 Hoi 7 110.3 21619 280 93506 F1 124.2 21619 281 93506 B73 107.2 21619 282 93506 Hol7 134.3 21619 283 93903 F1 114.4 21619 284 93903 B73 129.8 21619 285 93903 Hoi 7 134.2 21619 286 91904 F1 120.5 21619 287 91904 B73 113.4 21619 288 91904 Ho17 110.0 21619 289 92306 F1 147.4 21619 290 92306 B73 110.9 21619 291 92306 Hoi 7 119.5 21619 292 91905 F1 110.3 21619 293 91905 B73 131.5 21619 294 91905 Hoi 7 119.5 21619 295 94305 F1 118.5 21619 296 94305 B73 138.3 21619 297 94305 Hoi 7 119.5 21619 298 90701 F1 136.5 21619 299 90701 B7S 108.4 21619 300 90701 Hoi 7 119.5
RN EP
4.10 4.60 4.20 4.60 4.90 4.30 4.40 4.60 4.10 4.40 4.60 4.30 4.40 4.60 4.10 4.50 4.60 3.90 4.40 4.70 4.30 4.20 4.50 4.60 4.20 4.50 4.50 4.30 4.30 4.30 4.20 4.40 4.20 4.50 4.20 4.30 4.20 4.60 4.30 4.40 4.70 4.30 4.80 4.40 4.30
cm cm cm no. no.
1 2.70 1 .60 11.60 13.10 1 .10 1 2.90 1 .70 13.80 15.20 1 .00 1 2.40 1 .80 14.00 12.70 1 .00 1 2.80 1 .80 15.60 13.90 1 .00 1 3.00 1 .90 12.60 16.30 1 .10 1 2.70 1 .70 16.60 13.10 1 .00 1 2.70 1 .70 16.10 13.30 1 .00 1 3.00 1 .70 16.00 15.30 1 .00 ' 2.60 1 .60 18.50 12.00 1 .00 1 2.70 1 .70 15.70 13.40 1 .00 > 2.90 1 .70 13.40 15.40 1 .00
2.50 1 .80 17.60 13.00 1 .00 1 2.60 1 .90 16.20 13.20 1 .00 I 2.90 1 .80 15.60 15.40 1 .00 1 2.70 1 .50 14.20 12.20 1 .00
2.60 1 .90 16.70 13.80 1 .00 2.90 1 .90 16.10 15.80 1 .00 2.50 1 .50 16.00 11.80 1 .00 2.60 1 .80 16.60 14.00 1 .00 2.60 2 .10 15.20 16.10 1 .00 2.60 1 .70 15.70 12.80 1 .00 2.60 1 .80 15.40 13.80 1 .00 2.60 1 .90 15.30 15.90 1 .10 2.40 2 .20 15.40 11.90 1 .00 2.60 1 .60 16.40 14.10 1 .00 3.00 1 .60 14.70 15.10 1 .00 2.70 1 .80 18.10 13.20 1 .00 2.60 1 .80 15.60 12.80 1 .00 2.50 1 .80 14.70 14.70 1 .10 2.30 2 .00 18.00 12.20 r .00 2.50 1 .80 14.60 14.50 1 .00 2.70 1 .70 13.80 16.70 1 .00 2.50 1 .70 16.40 12.60 1 ,00 2.40 2 .10 16.90 13.60 1 .00 2.60 1 .80 13.90 16.20 1, .00 2.50 1 .80 16.70 12.50 1, .00 2.50 1 .80 14.80 13.60 1, .00 2.70 1 .90 13.90 16.40 1. .00 2.50 1, .80 16.70 12.50 1, .00 2.80 1, .60 14.80 15.50 1, .00 2.80 2, .00 16.50 17.20 1. .00 2.50 1, .80 16.70 12.50 1, ,00 3.00 1.80 16.10 14.20 1. .00 2.60 1. .80 13.40 15.90 1. .00 2.50 1. .80 16.70 12.50 1. .00
BP RL SL DE PH EH AN SE SO
% % X X cm cm days days days
0.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 233.3 113.1 83.0 86.0 3.0 0.0 2.70 2.70 0.00 239.8 118.8 80.0 82.5 2.5 0.0 0.00 2.10 2.40 221.9 114.3 80.5 85.0 4.5 0.0 0.00 2.10 0.00 217.9 111.3 76.5 80.0 3.5 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 224.6 106.5 77.0 82.0 5.0 0.0 0.00 2.10 0.00 217.4 111.0 77.5 80.5 3.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 220.7 107.3 79.5 82.5 3.0 0.0 0.00 2.10 0.00 220.3 105.6 79.5 83.0 3.5 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 209.6 103.1 79.5 81.0 1.5 0.0 0.00 4.20 0.00 226.4 110.0 77.0 81.0 4.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 230.2 115.0 80.0 82.0 2.0 0.0 0.00 4.20 0.00 221.8 106.0 80.0 82.0 2.0 0.0 0.00 4.20 0.00 216.6 110.1 78.5 81.0 2.5 0.0 0.00 6.30 0.00 233.4 121.7 81.0 83.0 2.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 207.6 105.5 80.5 84.5 4.0 0.0 0.00 4.20 0.00 230.7 116.1 82.0 85.0 3.0 0.0 0.00 4.20 0.00 236.2 122.2 82.0 84.0 2.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 227.9 113.7 82.0 85.0 3.0 0.0 0.00 2.10 0.00 206.8 97.4 78.0 81.0 3.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 224.6 107.2 81.0 83.5 2.5 to 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 198.9 95.4 78.5 81.5 3.0 to 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 215.1 106.8 80.5 83.0 2.5 ^ 0.0 0.00 2.10 0.00 230.2 112.6 79.0 81.0 2.0 0.0 0.00 4.20 0.00 211.2 105.4 78.5 82.5 4.0 0.0 0.00 4.30 0.00 235.6 121.3 82.0 85.5 3.5 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 247.4 129.9 85.0 86.0 1.0 0.0 0.00 2.20 0.00 225.6 118.1 81.5 84.0 2.5 0.0 0.00 2.10 0.00 230.6 113.9 82.0 85.0 3.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 238.6 122.3 83.0 85.0 2.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 212.6 100.9 80.5 82.5 2.0 0.0 2.10 2.10 0.00 217.7 102.4 81.0 84.0 3.0 0.0 0.00 2.10 0.00 217.7 98.2 81.0 84.0 3.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 206.6 97.0 78.5 82.5 4.0 0.0 2.10 2.10 0.00 224.2 114.9 79.5 81.5 2.0 0.0 4.20 0.00 0.00 224.6 114.8 86.0 88.0 2.0 0.0 0.00 0.70 0.00 213.8 105.1 80.0 83.0 3.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 2.10 215.5 107.4 79.5 83.5 4.0 0.0 0.00 2.10 0.00 215.3 107.1 79.5 81.5 2.0 0.0 0.00 0.70 0.00 213.8 105.1 80.0 83.0 3.0 0.0 2.10 4.20 0.00 216.7 97.9 76.5 77.5 1.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 218.0 98.5 78.0 82.0 4.0 0.0 0.00 0.70 0.00 213.8 105.1 80.0 83.0 3.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 213.4 101.6 79.5 82.0 2.5 0.0 0.00 2.10 0.00 212.9 96.5 79.5 82.5 3.0 0.0 0.00 0.70 0.00 213.8 105.1 80.0 83.0 3.0
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Table 05. continued.
Env. Entry Hale Tester YD ED CD KD
g/plant cm cm cm
30519 46 89502 F1 85.8 4.00 2.40 1.60 30519 47 89502 B73 104.7 4.30 2.70 1 .60 30519 48 89502 Hoi 7 83.5 3.70 2.10 1 .60 30519 49 89503 F1 85.6 4.20 2.70 1 .50 30519 50 89503 873 100.0 4.20 2.60 1 .70 30519 51 89503 Ho17 58.3 3.70 2.30 1 .50 30519 52 231916 F1 103.8 4.10 2.60 1 .50 30519 53 231916 B73 84.0 4.10 2.70 1 .40 30519 54 231916 Hoi 7 130.9 4.20 2.60 1 .60 30519 55 229524 F1 64.2 3.90 2.50 1 .50 30519 56 229524 B73 92.3 4.30 3.00 1 .30 30519 57 229524 Hoi 7 86.1 3.90 2.30 1 .60 30519 58 89506 F1 60.3 3.90 2.60 1 .40 30519 59 89506 B73 91.4 4.40 2.80 1 .60 30519 60 89506 Hoi 7 85.5 3.80 2.40 1 .40 30519 61 89507 F1 70.6 4.10 2.60 1 .50 30519 62 89507 B73 102.3 4.30 2.80 1 .70 30519 63 89507 Hoi 7 94.5 3.90 2.40 1 .50 30519 64 89901 F1 88.7 4.00 2.60 1 .40 30519 65 89901 B73 75.7 4.20 2.70 1 .60 30519 66 89901 Hoi 7 83.7 3.70 2.40 1 .40 30519 67 89902 F1 81.4 4.10 2.40 1 .70 30519 68 89902 B73 81.6 4.20 2.80 1 .50 30519 69 89902 Hoi 7 80.3 3.80 2.30 1 .60 30519 70 89903 F1 89.1 4.00 2.60 1 .50 30519 71 89903 B73 128.3 4.50 2.90 1 .70 30519 72 89903 Hoi 7 48.7 3.60 2.20 1 .50 30519 73 89904 F1 62.6 3.70 2.60 1 .20 30519 74 89904 B73 127.7 4.40 2.80 1 .60 30519 75 89904 Hoi 7 71.9 3.70 2.30 1 .60 30519 76 90301 F1 57.4 3.60 2.50 1 .10 30519 77 90301 B73 100.1 4.20 2.60 1 .60 30519 78 90301 Hoi 7 87.7 3.80 2.40 1 .50 30519 79 90302 F1 99.9 4.10 2.70 1 .40 30519 80 90302 B73 90.1 4.30 2.80 1, .50 30519 81 90302 Hoi 7 114.3 4.20 2.50 1 .90 30519 82 229921 F1 104.0 4.20 2.60 1, .60 30519 83 229921 B73 109.0 4.20 2.80 1, .60 30519 84 229921 Ho17 129.1 4.10 2.60 1 .60 30519 85 230323 F1 78.5 4.00 2.50 1, .50 30519 86 230323 B73 112.3 4.30 2.80 1, .60 30519 87 230323 Hoi 7 85.7 3.80 2.40 1, .40 30519 88 226720 F1 89.9 4.10 2.70 1, .40 30519 89 226720 B73 81.7 4.30 2.90 1, .40 30519 90 226720 Hoi 7 103.2 4.20 2.40 1, .80
EL
cm
RN
no.
EP
no.
BP RL SL DE
X
PH
cm
EH AN SE SD
cm days days days
U.20 14.90 15.20 15.20 14.10 12.80 15.60 14.00 16.80 12.90 13.70 14.90 11.80 13.80 15.20 13.70 14.10 15.90 16.30 14.40 15.40 13.30 13.00 13.80 13.50 14.80 11.20 13.50 16.80 15.50 13.20 14.70 14.80 15.50 13.40 17.10 15.40 15.00 18.20 15.10 14.70 15.20 15.20 13.10 17.10
13.50 15.30 12.10 14.40 15.80 13.80 15.50 17.30 14.20 14.50 17.00 13.60 13.40 17.00 13.00 14.80 17.10 13.30 14.10 16.30 13.10 14.40 16.80 12.90 14.90 17.30 13.10 13.40 15.10 12.50 15.00 16.70 13.20 14.80 16.80 14.10 15.10 16.70 14.20 14.10 16.70 13.50 15.00 17.20 14.10
1.00 1.00 1.00 0.90 1.00 0.80 1.00 0.90 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.90 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.90 0.90 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.90 1.00 1.00 0.90 0.90 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.00 0.90 1.00 1.00 0.90 1.00 1.00
5.0 0.0
10.0 15.0 0.0
25.0 0.0
10.0 0.0 5.0 0.0 5.0
10.0 10.0 0.0 5.5 0.0 0.0
15.0 20.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
21.5 7.0 0.0
20.5 15.0 0.0 0.0 5.0 0.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
15.0 0.0 7.0
10.0 5.5 0.0
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2.50 4.20
12.10 4.60 2.10 0.00 6.30 7.90 3.00 9.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.00 5.80 6.30 8.40 5.30 4.50 2.20 2.30
12.80 2.10 0.00 8.40 3.00 6.30 0.00 0.00 4.40 2.10 4.20 9.60
10.50 0.00 2.10 0.00 3.00 4.60 6.30 5.00 0.00 9.00
10.50 16.30
2.50 1.80 9.00 3.40 4.20 0.00 2.10 5.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.70 2.10 2.20 4.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.70 2.10 3.60 0.00 2.10 0.00 0.00 5.00 0.00 0.00 4.20 0.00 0.00 3.10 0.00 0.00 7.20 0.00 2.10 4.70
196.2 213.5 204.3 193.6 212.9 196.8 207.0 207.4 201.9 201.5 204.6 197.3 174.9 217.6 191.5 195.6 217.0 196.3 210.0 211.7 188.4 210.1 218.6 194.5 211.2 224.6 198.8 198.0 229.7 200.5 194.7 207.9 183.2 215.0 203.2 204.0 211.5 211.6 208.4 227.4 225.9 192.1 217.0 221.4 209.1
91.9 106.2 104.2 87.9
101.9 92.8
103.5 106.1 98.0 91.5 95.7 87.4 90.3
113.6 93.9 92.4
113.6 99.4
108.2 99.8 95.4
105.8 108.8 88.5
106.7 113.3 100.4 95.9
114.3 99.9 91.9
107.8 82.2
102.5 96.6
101.6 109.0 110.9 100.5 118.9 120.6 88.3
113.9 116.3 100.9
88.0 89.5 89.0 86.5 88.0 88.0 89.0 90.5 88.0 89.0 90.0 89.5 90.0 89.0 89.5 90.5 90.0 90.0 90.0 87.5 90.0 87.0 89.0 86.5 89.0 90.0 91.0 89.5 89.5 89.0 89.0 90.0 88.0 89.0 90.5 88.5 90.0 90.5 86.5 90.0 89.0 90.0 91.0 91.0 90.0
89.5 90.5 91.0 88.0 90.0 91.0 91.5 92.0 89.5 92.0 91.5 92.0 91.0 90.5 92.0 91.0 91.5 92.0 92.0 91.0 92.0 88.0 90.5 88.5 92.0 91.5 94.5 92.0 90.5 92.0 91.5 91.5 90.0 92.5 92.5 91.0 91.0 92.0 87.5 91.5 91.0 92.0 93.0 92.5 91.5
1.5 1.0 2.0 1.5 2.0 3.0 2.5 1.5 1.5 3.0 1.5 2.5 1.0 1.5 2.5 0.5 1.5 2.0 2.0 3.5 2.0 1.0 1.5 2.0 3.0 1.5 3.5 2.5 1.0 3.0 2.5 1.5 2.0 3.5 2.0 2.1 0.0 1.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.5 1.5
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231
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r s O' o •- CM ro in 00 o CM ro lA S3 h- CO Oo o CM ro in N. oo Oo o CM ro •s3* in GO 00 CO o* o«> <y (> Oo o-o o o O o o o o o o o CM CM CM CM CM CM *- CM CM CM CM CM rxj CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM ro CM CM CM CM CM CM AJ CM
<y ty <y o» o Oo o o> o> Oo o> o o» O Oo Oo o o» O Oo Oo Oo Oo Oo o o> Oo Oo O* o« Oo Oo Oo Oo ««» <f~ «-» *-• in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in lA in in in in in in in m o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o O o o o o o o o o o o o o o o O o o o o o o o o ro ro ro ro ro ro ro ro ro ro ro ro ro ro ro ro ro ro ro ro ro ro ro lO ro ro ro ro ro ro ro ro ro ro ro ro ro ro ro
Table D5. continued.
Env. Entry Male Tester YD ED CO KD EL RH EP BP RL SL DE PH EH AN SE SO
g/plant cm cm cm cm no. no. cm cm days days days
30519 226 93901 F1 85.6 30519 227 93901 B73 82.9 30519 228 93901 Hoi 7 51.5 30519 229 93902 F1 87.4 30519 230 93902 B73 74.0 30519 231 93902 Hoi 7 110.7 30519 232 94701 F1 83.7 30519 233 94701 B73 100.9 30519 234 94701 Hoi 7 78.8 30519 235 94302 F1 57.9 30519 236 94302 B73 60.9 30519 237 94302 Hoi 7 J1.4 30519 238 93906 F1 91.7 30519 239 93906 B73 125.5 30519 240 93906 Hoi 7 62.0 30519 241 94301 F1 69.6 30519 242 94301 B73 85.6 30519 243 94301 Hoi 7 86.9 30519 244 89101 F1 67.7 30519 245 89101 B73 99.6 30519 246 89101 Mo17 63.1 30519 247 94303 F1 69.5 30519 248 94303 B73 106.7 30519 249 94303 Hoi 7 42.2 30519 250 94304 F1 85.6 30519 251 94304 B73 95.7 30519 252 94304 Hoi 7 90.2 30519 253 89107 F1 94.7 30519 254 89107 B73 121.4 30519 255 89107 Hoi 7 94.1 30519 256 90303 F1 81.0 30519 257 90303 B73 101.6 30519 258 90303 Hoi 7 56.3 30519 259 91505 F1 85.6 30519 260 91505 B73 98.3 30519 261 91505 Hoi 7 86.4 30519 262 90703 F1 73.0 30519 263 90703 B73 90.4 30519 264 90703 Hoi 7 65.2 30519 265 92302 F1 76.2 30519 266 92302 B73 84.5 30519 267 92302 Hoi 7 75.5 30519 268 92703 F1 95.7 30519 269 92703 B73 108.8 30519 270 92703 Hoi 7 83.8
3.90 4.20 3.60 4.00 4.10 4.00 3.80 4.10 3.60 3.80 4.10 3.80 4.00 4.50 3.60 3.80 4.00 3.90 3.90 4.20 3.80 3.80 4.40 3.40 3.90 4.20 3.80 4.10 4.30 3.80 4.70 4.40 3.40 4.10 4.30 3.90 3.60 4.10 3.60 4.10 4.20 3.70 3.90 4.30 3.70
2.50 2.70 2.20 2.50 2.80 2.50 2.30 2.70 2.40 2.60 2.80 2.40 2.60 3.00 2.40 2.70 2.80 2.70 2.60 2.70 2.20 2.50 2.70 2.10 2.50 2.80 2.30 2.50 2.80 2.30 2.80 2.80 2.30 2.60 2.80 2.60 2.20 2.70 2.30 2.70 2.90 2.40 2.60 2.80 2.30
1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.30 1.50 1.50 1.40 1.40 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.60 1.60 1.20 1.10 1.30 1.20 1.40 1.50 1.60 1.30 1.70 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.50 1.60 1.60 1.60 2.00 1.70 1.10 1.60 1.50 1.50 1.50 1,40 1.30 1.40 1.30 1.40 1.50 1.60 1.50
14.70 12.90 13.80 14.10 12.80 16.20 15.10 14.90 15.30 12.40 12.00 15.70 15.80 15.60 15.20 14.90 14.40 16.40 13.50 13.30 13.00 13.90 14.40 13.50 15.10 14.00 16.10 15.80 16.40 16.70 14.40 13.20 12.30 15.30 14.30 15.30 14.90 14.50 15.60 13.90 13.70 15.10 15.00 15.00 15.30
13.80 16.60 12.20 13.00 15.00 13.80 14.50 15.90 12.90 14.70 16.50 13.30 14.70 16.60 12.70 14.50 17.00 13.50 15.00 17.10 13.00 14.90 17.00 13.40 13.30 16.30 13.60 13.70 15.70 12.20 15.50 17.80 12.60 14.80 16.00 12.50 13.60 15.00 11.90 14.10 15.50 13.20 14.00 15.90 12.40
1.00 0.90 0.80 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.00 1.00 0.90 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.80 0.90 1.00 0.90 0.90 1.10 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.90 1.00 1.10 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.90 1.00 0.90 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.90 1.10 0.90 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
0.0 10.0 25.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
15.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
25.0 15.0 0.0
10.0 20.0 0.0
10.0 0.0 0.0
20.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 5.0 0.0 0.0
21.5 0.0
15.5 5.0 0.0 7.0
12.5 0.0
10.0 6.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4.20 3.00 6.70 2.10
10.30 11.00 11.60 21.50 12.60 4.20 0.00 5.90 7.20
10.00 13.10 8.40 9.70
10.60 10.70 3.00
13.60 5.90 2.50 8.60 4.90 0.00
15.60 7.60 0.00
14.90 11.10 2.40
22.00 12.30 4.20
14.30 10.00 6.50
15.90 7.50 2.10
14.60 2.50
10.20 24.80
2.10 0.00 3.10 0.00 2.50 0.00 4.20 2.20
10.50 2.10 0.00 8.00 0.00 5.60 4.20 4.20 0.00 0.00 6.50 0.00 4.60 0.00 2.50 4.20 0.00 0.00
13.20 0.00 0.00 3.00 0.00 0.00 8.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.40 2.50 2.10 8.40 2.50 0.00 0.00
205.8 213.9 195.7 208.5 222.0 208.5 202.0 212.9 196.1 202.8 202.2 199.3 210.2 217.3 212.3 209.4 215.8 201.9 199.8 219.5 197.8 202.3 219.4 191.5 198.5 209.1 199.8 208.1 214.1 195.9 194.5 223.4 205.9 193.9 203.0 196.3 177.0 207.3 184.2 199.0 213.2 207.4 194.2 210.6 186.8
98.8 99.3 94.5
103.4 110.0 107.5 99.0
106.1 90.8 93.4 96.0 91.0
101.1 112.6 107.4 100.5 108.8 99.9 95.0
118.2 97.0 97.8
113.1 87.1 99.5
107.5 103.4 109.9 104.6 110.7 102.0 116.9 106.1 90.5
102.1 91.5
103.9 110.3 99.6 99.3
105.3 102.2 104.9 108.8 106.0
87.0 89.0 90.0 89.5 90.5 90.0 88.0 90.5 87.0 87.0 89.5 89.0 91.0 93.0 91.0 88.5 90.0 89.5 89.0 92.0 91.5 90.0 90.0 88.0 89.5 91.0 91.5 92.5 90.0 90.5 89.5 91.0 92.5 88.0 90.0 90.0 91.5 91.0 92.0 89.5 90.0 90.5 91.5 91.5 92.5
88.5 91.0 92.0 89.5 92.0 92.0 90.0 91.5 90.5 91.5 92.0 91.0 92.0 94.0 95.5 91.5 91.5 91.0 91.0 92.0 95.0 92.5 92.0 93.0 92.5 93.5 94.0 94.0 91.5 92.5 92.0 93.5 96.0 90.0 91.5 90.5 92.5 92.5 94.0 92.5 91.5 92.0 94.0 93.0 95.0
1.5 2.0 2.0 0.0 1.5 2.0 2.0 1.0 3.5 4.5 2.5 2.0 1.0 1.0 4.5 3.0 1.5 1.5 2.0 0.0 3.5 2.5 2.0 5.0 3.0 2.5 2.5 1.5 1.5 2.0 2.5 2.5 3.5 2.0 1.5 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 3.0 1.5 1.5 2.5 1.5 2.5
to cj
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61
9
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61
9
30
61
9
30
61
9
30
61
9
30
61
9
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61
9
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51
9
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61
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free
Table 05. continued.
Env. Entry Male Tester YD ED CD KD
g/plant cm cm cm
30619 16 95904 F1 77.3 3.60 2.40 1 .40 30619 17 95904 B73 103.2 4.40 2.70 1 .70 30619 18 95904 Hoi 7 87.3 3.80 2.40 1 .40 30619 19 88703 F1 97.8 4.10 2.40 1 .70 30619 20 88703 B73 119.1 4.30 2.60 1 .80 30619 21 88703 Hoi 7 119.5 3.80 2.30 1 .60 30619 22 88704 F1 94.6 4.00 2.50 1 .60 30619 23 88704 B73 95.4 4.10 2.60 1 .50 30619 24 88704 Hoi 7 91.4 3.60 2.20 1 .40 30619 25 228714 F1 100.3 4.20 2.60 1 .70 30619 26 228714 B73 107.9 4.30 2.90 1 .60 30619 27 228714 Hoi 7 96.2 3.90 2.50 1 .50 30619 28 89102 F1 115.9 4.30 2.80 1 .70 30619 29 89102 B73 93.0 4.30 2.80 1 .60 30619 30 89102 Hoi 7 124.1 4.20 2.60 1 .60 30619 31 89103 F1 123.3 4.20 2.60 1 .60 30619 32 89103 873 110.4 4.30 2.70 1 .60 30619 33 89103 Hoi 7 127,7 4.00 2.30 1 .80 30619 34 89104 F1 108.6 4.30 2.70 1 .70 30619 35 89104 873 101.9 4.30 2.80 1 .50 30619 36 89104 Hoi 7 72.5 3.80 2.40 1 .40 30619 37 89105 F1 110.3 4.20 2.60 1 .60 30619 38 89105 B73 95.5 4.20 2.70 1 .50 30619 39 89105 Ho17 88.4 3.80 2.40 1 .50 30619 40 229115 F1 105.0 4.20 2.40 1 .80 30619 41 229115 873 125.5 4.40 2.80 1 .70 30619 42 229115 Hoi 7 111.6 4.00 2.30 1 .80 30619 43 89501 F1 96.0 4.20 2.70 1 .50 30619 44 89501 B73 101.7 4.40 2.80 1 .80 30619 45 89501 Hoi 7 83.9 3.70 2.30 1 .50 30619 46 89502 F1 110.8 4.10 2.60 1 .50 30619 47 89502 B73 124.1 4.30 2.60 1 .70 30619 48 89502 Ho17 96.2 3.80 2.20 1 .70 30619 49 89503 F1 97.8 4.10 2.50 1 .60 30619 50 89503 B73 131.8 4.50 2.30 2.30 30619 51 89503 Hoi 7 113.9 3.80 2.20 1 .60 30619 52 231916 F1 115.1 4.20 2.70 1 .60 30619 53 231916 B73 114.8 4.30 2.50 1 .90 30619 54 231916 Ho17 111.5 3.70 2.50 1 .30 30619 55 229524 F1 91.3 4.20 2.40 1, .90 30619 56 229524 B73 106.1 4.40 3.00 1, .50 30619 57 229524 Ho17 85.3 3.70 2.20 1 .50 30619 58 89506 F1 96.9 4.00 2.40 1 .60 30619 59 89506 B73 109.7 4.50 2.90 1, .60 30619 60 89506 Ho17 94.9 3.80 2.40 1, .50
RN EP
cm no. no.
BP
X
RL
X
SL
X
DE
X
PH
cm
EH AN SE SD
cm days days days
13.40 13.90 15.40 14.90 15.20 17.50 15.20 14.50 15.80 14.70 14.30 15.00 14.90 13.40 16.40 16.00 14.30 18.20 16.30 15.70 15.70 15.30 14.40 16.50 15.20 15.20 17.20 14.20 13.60 15.50 15.50 16.70 15.50 14.90 15.10 15.80 15.60 14.80 15.70 13.50 14.70 14.80 14.40 14.00 15.70
13.30 15.60 12.40 14.00 16.00 12.60 13.60 15.10 11.50 13.90 14.70 12.20 15.20 15.80 13.10 14.10 15.60 12.70 13.70 15.70 12.30 13.20 14.70 12.10 14.60 16.00 12.70 14.40 15.50 12.30 13.50 14.70 11.80 13.40 16.30 12.90 15.20 16.50 12.60 14.20 16.20 12.60 14.00 16.70 13.40
1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.00 1.10 1.00 1.10 1.10 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.90 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.0 0.0 0.0
10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.5 0.0 0.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4.20 4.20 6.30 4.20 2.10 0.00 6.30
12.60 4.80
11.40 10.50 11.40 11.80 14.70 31.90 4.20 0.00 6.30 6.80 6.30
12.40 4.20 4.20 6.30 6.30
16.70 9.30 2.50 4.60 6.30 8.40 6.30
10.70 7.50 2.50 7.90 4.20 3.10
12.60 2.10 4.20 6.30
15.60 12.60 12.60
0.00 0.00 2.20 0.00 2.10 2.70 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.10 0.00 2.70 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.10 0.00 2.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
215.2 223.8 211.9 220.2 223.5 213.0 215.5 226.6 209.2 228.2 231.1 225.0 222.0 232.3 225.1 221.4 223.9 223.5 229.9 240.0 213.4 216.1 213.6 214.5 239.4 243.2 228.0 211.3 215.2 210.0 209.8 230.8 210.2 216.0 219.5 209.1 211.8 219.4 213.5 216.6 216.2 215.7 213.5 222.3 210.4
105.8 111.4 100.5 112.9 118.3 107.5 106.0 109.2 103.7 116.3 122.4 108.4 112.5 121.9 119.7 111.3 121.7 115.3 116.4 120.5 106.5 107.0 102.5 101.3 125.1 131.0 117.9 105.8 105.8 105.9 103.6 121.2 107.8 111.5 112.0 107.8 108.7 111.6 108.7 99.9
106.2 98.2
111.9 119.2 106.7
to U oi
Table DS. continued.
Env. Entry Hale Tester YD ED CD KD EL RN EP BP RL SL DE PH EH AN SE SD
g/plant cm cm cm cm no. no. cm cm days days days
30619 61 89507 F1 84.3 3.90 2.50 1 .50 14.30 30619 62 89507 B73 104.3 4.20 2.80 1 .50 14.20 30619 63 89507 Mo17 99.3 4.00 2.30 1 .90 16.30 30619 64 89901 F1 92.2 3.80 2.60 1 .40 16.40 30619 65 89901 B73 95.1 4.10 2.80 1 .40 14.80 30619 66 89901 Ho17 94.7 3.80 2.50 1 .40 16.30 30619 67 89902 F1 99.1 4.10 2.70 1 .60 15.00 30619 68 89902 B73 84.4 4.20 2.80 1 .50 13.10 30619 69 89902 Hoi 7 65.6 3.70 2.40 1 .30 14.60 30619 70 89903 F1 106.1 4.20 2.50 1 .70 15.00 30619 71 89903 B73 123.4 4.40 2.70 1 .80 14.40 30619 72 89903 Hoi 7 90.6 4.10 2.30 1 .90 14.80 30619 73 89904 F1 82.5 3.80 2.60 1 .30 13.90 30619 74 89904 B73 109.9 4.20 2.60 1 .60 14.70 30619 75 89904 Ho17 84.8 3.50 2.20 1 .30 15.20 30619 76 90301 F1 71.9 3.90 2.60 1 .40 13.90 30619 77 90301 873 106.9 4.20 2.80 1 .50 15.10 30619 78 90301 Ho17 76.7 3.80 2.40 1 .50 16.10 30619 79 90302 F1 87.9 4.10 2.60 1.60 13.40 30619 80 90302 B73 87.1 4.00 2.80 1 .30 13.10 30619 81 90302 Ho17 102.2 4.00 2.60 1 .50 16.80 30619 82 229921 F1 109.5 4.10 2.70 1 .50 15.70 30619 83 229921 B73 117.3 4.30 2.80 1 .60 15.00 30619 84 229921 Hoi 7 124.1 4.20 2.60 1 .60 17.50 30619 85 230323 F1 83.0 3.80 2.40 1 .50 14.70 30619 86 230323 B73 110.9 4.10 2.60 1 .50 14.00 30619 87 230323 Ho17 100.3 3.80 2.40 1 .60 16.30 30619 88 226720 F1 107.6 4.20 2.60 1 .60 15.30 30619 89 226720 873 103.6 4.40 2.70 1 .80 14.70 30619 90 226720 Ho17 108.2 4.10 2.60 1 .70 17.10 30619 91 90306 F1 83.3 4.10 2.60 1 .50 13.80 30619 92 90306 B73 122.8 4.40 2.60 1 .80 14.80 30619 93 90306 Ho17 97.6 3.90 2.30 1 .70 15.10 30619 94 230322 F1 74.3 3.90 2.40 1 .50 13.20 30619 95 230322 B73 111.2 4.40 2.60 1, .80 14.40 30619 96 230322 Ho17 89.2 3.90 2.30 1, .70 14.70 • 30619 97 230701 F1 92.9 4.10 2.50 1, .60 14.50 30619 98 230701 B73 123.5 4.50 2.70 1, .80 15.40 • 30619 99 230701 Hoi 7 96.9 3.70 2.40 1, .40 17.30 30619 100 231103 F1 84.7 4.00 2.30 1, .70 14.60 30619 101 231103 B73 101.3 4.30 2.70 1, .70 14.60 30619 102 231103 Hoi 7 72.2 3.80 2.40 1. .50 15.70 • 30619 103 232306 F1 102.4 4.20 2.60 1. .60 14.50 • 30619 104 232306 873 92.6 4.20 2.60 1. .60 13.50 • 30619 105 232306 Hoi 7 83.3 3.80 2.20 1. ,60 14.80 '
14.20 16.00 13.10 U.OO 16.80 13.00 14.50 16.40 12.90 14.40 16.30 12.40 13.70 14.20 11.70 14.20 15.80 12.50 13.50 16.00 13.30 14.60 15.80 13.60 13.70 15.60 13.10 14.60 16.20 13.30 14.20 15.30 12.70 14.30 16.00 13.20 14.00 15.90 12.00 14.10 15,70 12.00 14.50 16.60 12.80
1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.90 1.00 1.10 1.00 0.90 1.00 1.00 0.90 1.00 0.80 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.90 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
0.0 0.0 0.0 5.5 5.0 0.0 0.0 5.0
10.0 0.0 0.0 5.0
10.0 0.0 0.0
11.0 0.0
20.0 5.0 0.0 5.5 0.0 0.0
10.0 5.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 5.0 5.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.0 0.0 5.0 0.0 5.0 0.0 5.0 0.0
10.0 0,0 0.0 0.0
0.00 0.00 0.00 2.10 0.00 2.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.20 0.00 0.00 4.20 4.80 4.20 0.00 0.00 2.10
12.60 0.00 0.00 10.50 4.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.10 4.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
6.30 10.50 11.40 6.30
12.60 4.20 6.30 4.20
18.20 8.40 4.20 8.40 8.40 0.00 8.70 4.20 4.40 4.40 6.30 4.20 6.30 0.00 4.20
14.90 2.10 2.10
12.40 16.70 6.30
12.50 6.30 2.10
13.50 8.40 6.30
10.10 6.30 6.30 2.10 6.40 6.30
10.70 4.20 2.10
14.70
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.10 2.10
11.10 2.10 0.00 2.10 4.20 0.00 2.10 0.00 0.00 2.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.10 0.00 0.00 2.10 0.00 4.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.30 2.10
222.1 229.0 220.3 224.9 221.0 214.2 212.5 227.9 212.8 218.4 239.8 219.4 235.1 245.7 222.2 211.5 226.3 208.6 241.2 215.8 215.4 229.2 226.3 229.2 236.9 244.9 214.3 238.0 238.2 234.8 228.7 238.0 235.1 228.2 241.8 215,7 238.2 258.1 233.2 233.3 251.6 228.6 232.0 234.4 228.4
115.6 117.3 115.1 116.6 113.2 111.1 109.2 115.3 10B.9 113.9 129.3 112.3 123.1 128.2 112.1 102.0 116.6 105.2 124.8 104.9 106.5 115.0 122.0 122.0 119.1 135.8 109.7 126.6 129.6 126.4 122.4 131.2 125.9 116.1 129.6 105.1 125.4 136.8 121.3 119.1 135.3 119.4 121.8 121.1 121.2
Table D5. continued.
Env. Entry Male Tester YD ED CD KD EL RN EP BP RL SL DE PH EH AN SE SO
g/plant cm cm cm cm no. no. cm cm days days days
30619 106 231905 F1 88.3 30619 107 231905 873 94.5 30619 108 231905 Hoi 7 91.4 30619 109 231104 F1 81.7 30619 110 231104 B73 110.1 30619 111 231104 Hoi 7 85.1 30619 112 91101 F1 85.7 30619 113 91101 873 99.4 30619 114 91101 Hoi 7 107.8 30619 115 232707 F1 81.7 30619 116 232707 B73 83.6 30619 117 232707 Hoi 7 4 91.1 30619 118 91103 F1 1 75.2 30619 119 91103 B73 i 81.7 30619 120 91103 Ho17| 91.2 30619 121 91104 F1 i 81.2 30619 122 91104 B73 i 120.7 30619 123 91104 Ho17! 45.7 30619 124 226309 F1 ! 90.7 30619 125 226309 B73 ! 78.9 30619 126 226309 Ho17 : 96.1 30619 127 91501 F1 i 82.8 30619 128 91501 B73 ! 97.5 30619 129 91501 Ho17 ; 95.6 30619 130 91502 F1 55.0 30619 131 91502 B73 : 113.9 30619 132 91502 Ho17 \ 67.1 30619 133 91503 F1 92.0 30619 134 91503 B73 i 99.2 30619 135 91503 Hoi 7 i 115.6 30619 136 91504 F1 99.0 30619 137 91504 B73 104.1 30619 138 91504 Hoi 7 , 108.8 30619 139 227110 F1 68.9 30619 140 227110 B73 i 107.6 30619 141 227110 Hoi 7 97.8 30619 142 91901 F1 100.2 30619 143 91901 B73 125.4 30619 144 91901 Ho17 87.0 30619 145 91902 F1 75.1 30619 146 91902 B73 95.2 30619 147 91902 Hoi 7 77.1 30619 148 91903 F1 92.9 30619 149 91903 B73 138.6 30619 150 91903 Ho17 80.6
A.10 4.30 3.90 4.10 4.40 3.90 4.20 4.40 4.30 4.30 4.10 4.00 3.80 4.10 3.90 3.90 4.40 3.40 4.10 4.10 3.90 4.10 4.40 4.10 3.70 4.40 3.60 4.10 4.40 4.20 4.20 4.40 4.10 4.00 4.60 3.70 4.00 4.50 3.90 4.00 4.30 3.80 4.10 4.40 3.80
2.50 2.60 2.40 2.50 2.80 2.30 2.80 2.80 2.60 2.60 2.60 2.50 2.50 2.60 2.40 2.40 2.70 2.20 2.60 2.60 2.40 2.40 2.80 2.40 2.40 2.70 2.20 2.50 2.80 2.50 2.60 2.80 2.40 2.40 2.80 2.40 2.60 2.90 2.30 2.50 2.60 2.40 2.50 2.70 2.30
1.60 1.80 1.50 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.40 1.70 1.80 1.80 1.50 1.50 1.40 1.50 1.50 1.60 1.80 1.20 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.70 1.60 1.70 1.30 1.70 1.50 1.70 1.60 1.80 1.60 1.60 1.70 1.60 1.80 1.50 1.50 1.70 1.70 1.60 1.70 1.50 1.60 1.80 1.50
15.10 14.00 16.00 13.90 14.20 14.10 14.40 13.00 16.00 14.70 13.00 16.10 13.80 13.70 15.60 14.80 14.80 14.30 15.30 12.80 16.90 15.10 13.70 15.40 14.50 14.60 15.00 15.00 14.20 16.30 14.60 14.30 16.90 13.70 14.40 16.60 13.70 14.70 14.30 14.10 13.70 15.50 15.20 17.80 15.40
14.40 15.00 12.60 14.00 15.10 12.60 15.60 18.10 14.00 15.40 17.40 13.50 13.70 15.60 12.50 13.50 16.40 11.70 14.70 15.90 13.50 13.90 16.30 12.90 13.20 15.10 12.40 14.00 16.00 13.50 14.50 15.30 12.90 15.40 17.30 13.10 14.50 16.50 13.20 14.20 14.70 12.70 13.40 14.30 11.70
1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.80 1.00 1.00 0.90 1.00 1.00 0.90 1.00 0.90 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.80 1.00 0.90 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.90 0.90 0.90 1.00 1.00 1.00
10.0 0.0 0.0
10.0 0.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 0.0
20.0 0.0 5.0
10.0 0.0 0.0
20.0 0.0
20.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 6.0 0.0 0.0
20.0 0.0
15.0 0.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
10.5 5.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
15.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 0.0 0.0
0.00 4.20 0.00 0.00 4.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
10.40 0.00 0.00 4.20 0.00 0.00 6.30 0.00 2.10 2.10 0.00 0.00 2.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.10 2.40 6.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
12.60 19.10 0.00 2.40 4.20 6.30 3.00 2.10 4.20
8.40 4.30 6.30
12.60 4.20
10.40 4.20 2.10
17.40 12.60 8.40 8.40 6.30 4.20 8.40 0.00 8.40
10.00 8.40 4.20 6.30 4.20 4.20 4.20 4.20 4.40 4.50 6.30 4.20
10.20 2.10
12.80 20.80 9.00 6.30
10,90 10.50 4.60
14.70 0.00 0.00 4.20 5.40 2.10 6.30
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
10.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.20 0.00 0.00 2.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.10 2.10 2.10 2.10 0.00 2.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
232.7 234.9 225.9 232.2 235.7 227.4 222.7 226.7 228.0 235.6 243.4 228.3 227.8 225.4 227.0 228.9 240.2 218.1 229.0 230.1 224.2 225.9 228.0 225.2 226.5 229.1 226.3 223.3 215.3 225.2 236.7 243.6 239.2 241.4 236.9 226.7 237.1 248.2 228.3 221.7 216.4 224.7 229.3 239.8 219.1
118.8 121.7 119.1 123.5 122.8 122.3 115.1 115.1 121.7 123.5 127.7 120.9 121.6 123.6 121.1 114.4 123.8 104.3 117.8 124.7 113.3 115.8 124.1 116.3 113.1 116.5 114.6 116.8 109.0 115.2 126.5 135.1 135.3 127.0 124.7 114.8 129.7 132.6 123.5 120.3 106.7 120.3 125.9 128.9 115.7
Table D5. continued.
Env. Entry Hale Tester YD ED CO KD EL RN EP
g/plant cm cm
30619 151 227511 F1 74.5 3.80 2.50 30619 152 227511 B73 91.9 4.30 2.90 30619 153 227511 Hoi 7 124.5 4.20 2.60 30619 154 227512 F1 87.3 4.10 2.60 30619 155 227512 B73 98.5 4.50 2.80 30619 156 227512 Ho17 95.7 4.10 2.40 30619 157 91906 F1 85.8 4.00 2.50 30619 158 91906 B73 115.3 4.40 2.50 30619 159 91906 Hoi 7 72.6 3.60 2.20 30619 160 92301 F1 73.8 4.20 2.70 30619 161 92301 B73 98.2 4.40 2.60 30619 162 92301 Hoi 7 78.5 3.90 2.40 30619 163 228313 F1 85.2 4.00 2.40 30619 164 228313 B73 82.0 4.10 2.70 30619 165 228313 Ho17 87.3 3.90 2.40 30619 166 92303 F1 80.3 4.00 2.60 30619 167 92303 873 87.3 4.20 2.60 30619 168 92303 Ho17 84.2 3.90 2.40 30619 169 92305 F1 96.2 4.20 2.50 30619 170 92305 B73 100.6 4.40 2.70 30619 171 92305 Hoi 7 93.7 3.90 2.40 30619 172 226308 F1 88.2 4.20 2.60 30619 173 226308 B73 107.4 4.30 2.70 30619 174 226308 Hoi 7 98.5 4.00 2.40 30619 175 92307 F1 72.3 3.90 2.50 30619 176 92307 B73 98.0 4.30 2.70 30619 177 92307 Hoi 7 54.5 3.60 2.30 30619 178 92701 F1 104.4 4.10 2.40 30619 179 92701 B73 137.0 4.40 2.70 30619 180 92701 Ho17 69.9 3.60 2.20 30619 181 92702 F1 84.8 4.00 2.30 30619 182 92702 B73 100.0 4.30 2.80 30619 183 92702 Hoi 7 108.2 4.20 2.40 30619 184 95901 F1 65.9 4.00 2.70 30619 185 95901 B73 93.6 4.30 2.70 30619 186 95901 Hoi 7 92.2 4.00 2.50 30619 187 92704 F1 109.1 4.40 2.60 30619 188 92704 B73 123.2 4.50 2.90 30619 189 92704 Hoi 7 79.4 4.00 2.20 30619 190 95505 F1 85.1 4.00 2.40 30619 191 95505 B73 133.1 4.50 2.90 30619 192 95505 Hoi 7 91.0 3.90 2.30 30619 193 92707 F1 102.8 4.10 2.50 30619 194 92707 B73 121.3 4.40 2.70 30619 195 92707 Hoi 7 81.6 3.80 2.20
cm no. no.
BP RL
X %
SL
X
DE
X
PH
cm
EH AN SE SO
cm days days days
1.40 1.50 1.80 1.70 1.70 1.80 1.50 1.90 1.50 1.60 1.80 1.50 1.60 1.40 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.70 1.70 1.60 1.70 1.60 1.70 1.50 1.60 1.40 1.70 1.70 1.40 1.80 1.60 1.80 1.40 1.60 1.50 1.80 1.60 1.80 1.60 1.70 1.60 1.70 1.80 1.70
14.90 13.60 17.90 14.90 14.10 15.90 13.90 14.40 14.10 13.00 12.80 15.20 15.10 13.60 16.30 15.00 13.30 15.00 14.70 13.80 15.70 14.90 14.40 16.00 14.00 13.60 14.00 15.80 16.00 14.80 11.00 12.60 16.00 14.30 13.40 16.10 15.00 14.20 14.60 14.10 16.40 15.00 14.90 14.50 15.10
15.40 16.20 15.30 15.20 16.20 14.00 14.60 16.00 12.60 15.40 17.60 14.60 15.20 14.80 11.80 16.00 15.40 14.90 14.40 16.80 14.10 16.00 17.30 14.20 15.00 17.20 14.10 14.60 15.10 12.90 16.30 16.80 13.50 14.20 15.90 13.10 15.40 17.20 14.20 13.80 16.40 12.20 13.90 17.10 12.90
0.90 1.00 1.00 0.90 0.90 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.80 1.00 0.90 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.90 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.90 1.00 1.00 0.90 1.00 0.90 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.10 1.00 1.00 0.90 0.90 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.90 0.90 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
10.0 5.0 0.0
10.0 15.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 0.0
20.0 0.0
11.0 5.0 0.0 5.0
10.0 0.0 0.0 5.0 0.0 5.0 15.0 0.0 0.0
15.0 0.0
20.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.0 15.0 10.0 5.0 5.5 0.0
20.0 10.0 0.0 0.0 5.0 0.0 5.0
4.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.20 4.20 2.10 0.00 0.00 2.10 8.80 0.00 6.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.10 0.00 0.00 2.10 0.00 2.10
16.70 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.80 4.20 2.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2.10 8.60
10.70 4.20 2.10
10.50 4.20
12.60 8.60
10.50 3.10 8.40 6.30
12.60 12.60 6.30 4.20 6.30 5.00 6.30 9.70
10.50 6.30 2.10 0.00 6.30 4.20
13.50 0.00
16.80 4.60 2.10 4.20 4.20 2.10 6.30 6.30 0.00 4.20 0.00 2.70 4.20 2.10 6.30
16.70
0.00 0.00 4.20 2.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.30 0.00 0.00 4.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.10 2.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.10 0.00 0.00
231.6 231.8 232.2 247.0 242.4 239.6 224.0 241.3 214.6 228.3 228.0 227.6 244.6 259.5 241.4 238.9 228.3 227.7 221.2 235.1 231.3 247.4 254.7 247.7 221.6 231.1 225.6 220.3 226.1 215.0 233.2 229.5 225.6 225.7 227.0 219.3 232.3 237.7 233.3 214.3 238.5 223.0 235.9 241.3 216.2
123.2 125.3 123.6 130.9 131.3 127.0 118.8 132.4 111.4 116.3 118.8 116.1 133.3 138.4 126.0 124.2 123.1 118.3 108.7 118.2 115.5 132.3 141.8 128.5 110.8 120.3 116.6 113.2 114.5 110.5 123.3 122.2 114.4 114.9 119.6 116.1 124.6 125.8 120.5 108.0 124.8 110.3 126.2 128.7 112.3
10 00
Table D5. continued.
Env. Entry Male Tester YD ED CO KD EL RH EP BP RL SL DE PH EH AH SE SD
g/plant cm
30619 196 92708 F1 76.7 4.20 30619 197 92708 B73 86.5 4.20 30619 198 92708 Hoi 7 110.6 3.60 30619 199 93101 F1 88.8 4.00 30619 200 93101 B73 87.0 4.30 30619 201 93101 Ho17 105.0 4.00 30619 202 95503 F1 87.6 4.10 30619 203 95503 B73 118.0 4.40 30619 204 95503 Ho17 87.2 3.90 30619 205 93104 F1 91.7 4.00 30619 206 93104 B73 77.6 4.10 30619 207 93104 Hoi 7 97.9 3.90 30619 206 93105 F1 92.0 4.20 30619 209 93105 B73 96.6 4.10 30619 210 93105 Hoi 7 92.3 4.00 30619 211 93501 F1 104.7 4.20 30619 212 93501 B73 84.2 4.00 30619 213 93501 Hoi 7 85.7 3.80 30619 214 93502 F1 83.7 3.80 30619 215 93502 B73 118.5 4.50 30619 216 93502 Hoi 7 76.3 4.00 30619 217 94705 F1 84.7 4.00 30619 218 94705 B73 115.0 4.40 30619 219 94705 Hoi 7 82.6 3.90 30619 220 93505 F1 92.4 4.10 30619 221 93505 B73 104.7 4.20 ; 30619 222 93505 Hoi 7 103.3 3.90 : 30619 223 94702 F1 94.2 4.50 : 30619 224 94702 873 113.2 4.40 30619 225 94702 Hol7 93.8 3.80 : 30619 226 93901 F1 74.9 3.70 ; 30619 227 93901 B73 88.4 4.00 : 30619 228 93901 Ho17 57.4 3.40 : 30619 229 93902 F1 97.8 4.10 ; 30619 230 93902 B73 128.2 4.50 : 30619 231 93902 Hoi 7 94.4 3.80 : 30619 232 94701 F1 98.7 4.20 : 30619 233 94701 B73 97.4 4.20 : 30619 234 94701 Ho17 80.9 3.50 ; 30619 235 94302 F1 57.0 3.80 ; 30619 236 94302 B73 80.5 4.20 ; 30619 237 94302 Hol7 65.1 3.80 : 30619 238 93906 F1 113.6 4.10 : 30619 239 93906 873 135.5 4.40 ; 30619 240 93906 Hoi 7 74.5 3.70 ;
cm cm no. no. cm cm days days days
2.70 2.70 2.20 2.60 2.80 2.40 2.60 2.70 2.20 2.30 2.70 2.50 2.60 2.80 2.40 2.60 2.60 2.30 2.40 2.90 2.40 2.40 2.80 2.50 2.70 2.80 2.50 2.50 2.80 2.30 2.30 2.70 2.30 2.50 2.80 2.40 2.70 2.90 2.30 2.50 2.90 2.50 2.60 3.00 2.40
1.50 1.50 1.40 1.50 1.60 1.70 1.50 1.80 1.70 1.70 1.50 1.40 1.60 1.40 1.60 1.70 1.40 1.50 1.50 1.70 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.40 1.40 1.50 1.40 2.00 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.30 1.20 1.70 1.70 1.50 1.50 1.40 1.20 1.40 1.30 1.40 1.50 1.50 1.40
14.50 13.80 12.00 14.20 13.20 16.30 15.00 15.10 14.60 15.00 12.90 15.60 14.90 15.20 15.10 15.20 15.20 16.30 13.60 15.10 14.10 15.10 14.70 15.20 13.90 13.80 16.00 14.90 15.50 16.10 14.50 14.40 12.20 14.10 15.40 16.10 13.90 14.00 15.10 12.40 12.60 13.60 14.90 15.30 15.00
14.80 16.10 12.90 14.90 16.80 13.60 13.90 15.70 12.70 13.80 15.60 12.90 14.10 15.20 12.50 14.30 15.20 12.80 15.80 18.50 14.60 14.80 15.60 12.40 14.00 15.30 12.90 14.00 16.20 12.70 14.20 16.00 12.00 13.50 14.60 12.90 14.90 15.80 12.40 14.40 16.30 13.30 15.00 16.20 12.60
0.80 0.70 0.70 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.90 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.90 1.00 0.90 1.00 1.00 0.90 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.10 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.80 1.00 0.90 1.00 1.00 0.90 1.00 1.00 1.10 0.90 1.00 0.90 1.00 1.00 0.90
21.0 35.0 32.5 0.0 5.0 5.0
10.0 5.0 0.0 0.0
10.0 0.0
10.0 5.0 5.0
10.0 5.5
10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 5.0 5.0 0.0 0.0
20.0 10.5 15.5 5.0 0.0
15.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
10.0 5.0
15.0 0.0 0.0
10.0
0.00 6.30 0.00 0.00 2.10 0.00 2.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
8.80 0.00
14.60 6.30 4.20 3.00 8.40 2.10 4.20 0.00 0.00 6.30 8.50 6.50
12.60 2.10 3.10 2.10 2.10 2.10 6.80 8.70 0.00 4.20
12.60 11.20 20.80 2.10 6.30 4.80 4.20 0.00 0.00 8.40 5.00 2.10
12.60 10.70 10.50 4.20 3.40 0.00 3.10 0.00 8.40
2.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.20 0.00 3.10 4.50 2.10 2.20 2.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.10 0.00 2.10 0.00 0.00 2.10 2.10 0.00 0.00 2.10 0.00 0.00 3.00 0.00 0.00
235.7 241.5 230.4 234.8 242.3 227.5 217.2 227.6 217.0 231.0 235.0 228.4 231.9 229.8 218.7 218.7 229.8 218.0 228.9 228.5 230.9 227.3 230.2 229.9 246.0 241.5 243.4 229.5 236.5 235.2 220.4 237.1 214.8 227.7 230.8 226.0 207.3 236.5 209.6 229.7 220.0 211.3 231.8 232.9 227.3
126.3 123.2 118.1 125.1 130.5 119.9 109.5 115.6 114.4 117.4 123.1 117.5 122.2 126.6 110.6 111.1 121.9 109.1 123.2 123.1 122.2 111.9 121.2 117.7 133.1 133.5 133.9 111.5 127.4 120.8 112.0 122.3 106.3 116.9 122.6 113.3 104.0 126.0 108.7 120.0 110.8 98.9
118.4 124.4 112.6
240
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Table D5. continued.
Env. Entry Hale Tester YD ED
g/plant cm
30619 286 91904 F1 60.1 3.90 30619 287 91904 B73 107.0 4.40 30619 288 91904 Mo17 79.2 3.90 30619 289 92306 F1 80.8 3.80 30619 290 92306 B73 101.1 4.30 30619 291 92306 Hoi 7 99.3 4.10 30619 292 91905 F1 69.3 4.10 30619 293 91905 B73 90.2 4.10 30619 294 91905 Ho17 87.6 3.90 30619 295 94305 F1 77.6 4.10 30619 296 94305 B73 91.2 4.20 30619 297 94305 Hoi 7 82.1 3.80 30619 298 90701 F1 83.1 3.90 30619 299 90701 B73 90.5 4.20 30619 300 90701 Ho17 82.6 3.80
cm cm cm
RN
no.
EP
no.
BP RL SL DE PH
cm
EH AN SE SO
cm days days days
2.30 2.80 2.40 2.40 2.80 2.40 2.50 2.70 2.40 2.70 2.80 2.60 2.80 2.80 2.60
1.70 1.60 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.70 1.60 1.40 1.50 1.50 1.40 1.40 1.30 1.50 1.20
14.20 13.70 15.20 13.60 13.80 16.00 13.30 13.70 15.20 13.30 12.90 13.60 14.10 13.40 15.00
14.80 17.00 13.00 14.50 15.60 13.50 14.90 16.40 13.10 15.00 16.50 13.30 14.80 16.10 13.30
0.80 1.00 0.90 1.00 1.00 0.90 1.00 0.90 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.90 1.00 1.00
30.0 0.0
15.0 15.0 0.0
10.0 0.0
10.0 0.0 5.0 0.0 0.0
10.0 0.0 0.0
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.20 0.00 2.10 0.00 0.00
8.40 4.20 8.40 6.30 6.30
10.50 6.30 4.20 3.70 6.30 6.30 4.20 0.00 4.20
10.50
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.10 0.00 0.00 4.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.10 0.00 0.00 0.00
222.9 223.8 216.2 220.4 231.3 223.8 204.5 212.5 224.3 227.8 224.5 221.4 210.1 212.8 223.3
111.6 115.1 108.1 117.5 128.0 118.1 104.5 112.6 117.5 117.6 116.2 114.6 107.2 115.1 111.9
242
APPENDIX E. S, PROGENY MEANS BY ENVIRONMENT AND ACROSS
ENVIRONMENTS.
243
GLOSSARY FOR APPENDIX E
Abbreviations used in appendix E are as follows:
YD = grain yield (g planf^).
ED = ear diameter (cm).
CD = cob diameter (cm).
KD = kernel depth (cm).
EL = ear length (cm).
RN = kernel-row number (no.)-
EP = ears plant"' (no.).
BP = barren plants (%).
RL = root lodging (%)•
SL = stalk lodging (%).
DE = dropped ears (%) .
PH = plant height (cm).
EH = ear height (cm).
AN = days from planting to 50% anthesis (days).
SE = days from planting to 50% silk emergence (days).
SD = silk delay (AN-SE) (days).
LW = width of the primary ear leaf (cm).
TB = tassel branch number (no.).
20520 = S, progeny experiment, environment Ames 1992.
20620 = S, progeny experiment, environment Elkhart 1992.
21620 = S, progeny experiment, environment Atomic Energy 1992.
30520 = S, progeny experiment, environment Ames 1993.
30620 = Sj progeny experiment, environment Ankeny 1993.
Table El. Si progeny means across environments.
ENTRY HALE YD ED
g/plant cm
1 088301 115.7 4.37 2 088303 87.2 4.02 3 095902 90.6 4.36 4 088306 106.7 4.34 5 088701 92.8 4.21 6 095904 71.0 3.95 7 088703 92.3 3.91 8 088704 80.5 3.70 9 228714 99.0 4.31 10 089102 91.9 4.35 11 089103 75.3 3.82 12 089104 101.0 4.26 13 089105 91.6 3.91 14 229115 108.5 4.11 15 089501 92.7 4.07 16 089502 93.1 3.94 17 089503 98.4 4.07 18 231916 98.7 4.08 19 229524 86.6 4.15 20 089506 116.6 4.31 21 089507 87.9 3.98 22 089901 97.6 4.26 23 089902 125.1 4.50 24 089903 93.8 4.28 25 089904 91.8 3.92 26 090301 94.8 4.00 27 090302 82.8 4.17 28 229921 108.4 3.99 29 230323 90.0 4.01 30 226720 118.3 4.53 31 090306 95.3 4.08 32 230322 93.4 3.99 33 230701 90.7 3.94 34 231103 95.0 4.05 35 232306 98.4 4.10 36 231905 89.0 3.99 37 231104 103.2 4.10 38 091101 105.4 4.37 39 232707 68.5 3.98 40 091103 84.3 3.90 41 091104 83.7 3.92 42 226309 98.5 4.03 43 091501 104.2 4.23 44 091502 81.8 3.82 45 091503 97.1 4.05
CD
cm
2.74 2.61 2.74 2.75 2.73 2.44 2.34 2.27 2.58 2.71 2.45 2.58 2.52 2.46 2.60 2.42 2.37 2.61 2.59 2.65 2.52 2.64 2.65 2.46 2.32 2.51 2.57 2.51 2.54 2.90 2.45 2.48 2.49 2.60 2.58 2.47 2.50 2.91 2.65 2.57 2.41 2.51 2.65 2.40 2.55
KD
cm
1.63 1.41 1.62 1.59 1.48 1.51 1.57 1.42 1.72 1.64 1.37 1.68 1.39 1.65 1.47 1.52 1.70 1.47 1.56 1.66 1.46 1.62 1.85 1.82 1.60 1.49 1.60 1.48 1.47 1.63 1.63 1.51 1.45 1.45 1.52 1.52 1.60 1.46 1.33 1.33 1.51 1.52 1.58 1.42 1.50
EL
cm
14.33 13.95 13.21 13.89 13.89 12.21 14.30 14.78 14.77 13.98 13.64 15.80 15.84 15.60 13.96 14.27 15.08 14.46 14.52 14.79 14.13 14.10 14.47 13.04 14.40 14.17 14.30 15.08 15.24 16.66 14.34 14.14 14.62 15.25 14.05 13.89 14.76 13.90 13.73 14.22 14.69 15.38 14.67 14.55 13.99
RN
no.
15.07 13.48 14.95 15.20 14.23 14.22 14.05 12.54 13.31 14.07 12.55 13.65 12.45 13.45 13.34 12.60 13.71 14.68 14.19 14.82 14.47 15.26 14.72 14.34 12.02 13.85 12.35 14.78 13.46 15.46 13.46 13.26 13.31 13.63 14.57 13.46 12.91 16.40 15.03 12.75 13.23 14.62 13.87 12.24 13.55
EP
no.
0.97 1.02 1.00 0.99 0.97 0.80 1.01 0.86 1.00 1.04 1.00 0.99 0.95 1.01 0.97 1.00 0.93 0.97 0.99 0.99 1.01 0.93 1.00 1.00 0.99 1.01 0.85 1.05 1.01 1.03 0.98 1.02 1.00 0.97 1.01 1.00 1.05 0.95 0.97 0.97 0.90 0.95 0.93 0.89 1.01
BP
3.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 3.5
21.2 2.0 13.0 0.0 0.0 4.0 3.3 5.1 1.0 3.0 0.0 6.3 3.1 1.0 1.2 0.0
10.8 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0
15.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 3.0 4.0 0.0 1.0 1.2 5.0 3.0 3.1
11.0 5.0 7.0
11.0 0.0
RL SL DE PH EH AN SE SD LU TB
X X X cm cm days days days cm no.
0.00 9.34 0.00 5.65 0.00 3.78 0.00 3.16 1.11 3.49 0.00 1.66 0.85 1.26 6.11 2.67 0.00 2.54 0.00 8.73 0.00 3.92 0.77 7.48 0.00 2.62 0.00 13.62 0.00 2.92 0.00 5.01 0.46 1.43 0.42 2.86 0.00 0.42 0.00 3.34 0.00 4.58 0.00 2.83 0.00 7.97 0.84 1.68 0.00 4.17 0.00 3.00 0.00 1.77 1.50 6.49 0.00 4.39 0.00 8.55 0.42 10.52 0.42 3.85 2.91 4.25 2.59 10.03 0.00 4.17 0.42 5.92 0.00 6.12 0.00 5.48 1.00 6.20 1.67 3.09 2.51 3.15 0.00 4.64 0.00 3.92 1.25 3.34 0.42 4.58
1.92 206.0 0.42 204.1 0.00 183.3 0.45 194.8 1.01 205.0 1.67 198.3 0.00 201.9 2.63 193.1 0.60 237.1 0.95 214.5 0.43 212.2 0.91 215.8 0.00 201.9 3.07 237.2 1.29 179.0 1.68 201.9 0.96 184.7 0.83 191.5 0.87 202.4 0.00 197.4 0.84 195.9 0.45 181.7 0.00 187.9 0.90 203.1 0.00 209.4 0.84 181.4 1.40 203.5 1.00 214.3 0.00 233.6 0.00 216.2 0.00 204.1 0.00 195.5 0.83 231.1 0.00 221.3 0.42 213.2 0.42 217.3 0.50 195.0 1.45 197.4 0.00 211.1 0.00 190.5 0.00 205.3 0.84 199.7 0.00 199.0 0.84 192.8 0.83 191.0
105.6 84.5 108.5 89.5 88.6 82.6 97.7 83.1 99.2 84.0 91.7 83.5
102.3 85.5 86.2 82.8
123.4 87.4 109.1 88.0 111.2 86.6 105.7 87.0 89.9 82.8
130.8 88.8 78.5 80.3
100.5 85.5 72.8 81.8 96.7 83.5 87.8 87.1 99.0 83.3 95.8 85.8 87.8 82.6 79.6 78.0
102.1 83.6 104.3 82.5 84.7 81.0 89.6 81.5
116.9 83.8 126.9 87.8 113.6 87.6 111.5 84.5 92.9 83.8
124.6 88.5 112.7 85.8 108.3 86.3 115.3 88.3 98.8 86.8 98.3 85.0
112.1 87.1 98.0 85.5 93.7 85.1 97.7 83.6 96.1 84.3 83.4 81.0 88.0 83.6
87.1 2.6 91.6 2.1 85.8 3.1 85.3 2.1 87.1 3.1 88.3 4.8 88.6 3.1 88.6 5.8 89.4 2.0 90.6 2.6 90.3 3.6 90.6 3.6 86.1 3.3 91.0 2.1 83.1 2.8 88.0 2.5 85.0 3.1 86.3 2.8 89.6 2.5 85.6 2.3 88.5 2.6 85.6 3.0 81.5 3.5 86.6 3.0 87.1 4.6 84.8 3.8 86.5 5.0 86.0 2.1 91.1 3.3 90.5 2.8 86.8 2.3 88.0 4.1 91.6 3.1 89.1 3.3 89.0 2.6 90.3 2.0 89.3 2.5 88.5 3.5 89.3 2.1 88.5 3.0 88.8 3.6 86.5 2.8 87.1 2.8 85.5 4.5 86.8 3.1
9.1 7.1 9.5 6.8 9.3 6.3 9.4 5.4 9.2 12.1 9.3 9.8 9.1 4.6 9.9 10.1 8.5 5.2 8.9 7.5 9.1 8.3 9.4 8.2 9.4 8.1 9.5 8.9 8.3 6.6 8.6 6.1 8.8 7.6 9.6 5.8 8.6 5.1 9.1 5.9 9.7 6.6 8.7 8.4 7.5 9.7 8.6 8.0
10.0 10.4 9.2 6.8 9.5 9.1 9.6 7.6 9.4 6.6
10.2 7.1 7.8 6.0 9.3 5.4 8.9 7.4 9.8 7.5 8.9 5.6 9.3 8.7 9.1 5.9 9.7 5.7
10.6 8.1 8.8 6.6 8.6 6.2 8.8 7.2 9.7 6.1 8.4 6.5 8.6 5.8
Table El. continued.
ENTRY HALE YD
g/plant
46 091504 95.1 47 227110 94.1 48 091901 106.1 49 091902 54.3 50 091903 178.5 51 227511 96.2 52 227512 123.1 53 091906 93.3 54 092301 101.4 55 228313 129.2 56 092303 91.1 57 092305 101.2 58 226308 82.6 59 092307 72.7 60 092701 103.0 61 092702 70.1 62 095901 90.0 63 092704 94.3 64 095505 83.8 65 092707 92.4 66 092708 102.2 67 093101 104.2 68 095503 85.8 69 093104 78.3 70 093105 104.3 71 093501 92.4 72 093502 110.6 73 094705 73.5 74 093505 97.4 75 094702 103.1 76 093901 78.8 77 093902 85.9 78 094701 87.0 79 094302 64.9 80 093906 66.0 81 094301 97.9 82 089101 137.9 83 094303 84.7 84 094304 99.4 85 089107 90.0 86 090303 71.8 87 091505 83.5 88 090703 73.7 89 092302 102.0 90 092703 86.8
ED
3.94 4.22 4.34 3.80 4.45 4.32 4.53 4.09 4.29 4.46 4.09 4.24 4.08 4.10 3.88 4.17 4.11 4.33 3.92 4.00 4.36 4.26 3.86 3.91 4.11 4.04 4.49 3.78 4.22 4.08 4.08 4.02 3.88 4.13 4.01 3.98 4.80 4.05 4.08 3.94 4.24 4.17 3.83 4.06 4.07
CO
cm
2.45 2.67 2.67 2.45 2.63 2.77 2.70 2.57 2.71 2.66 2.53 2.63 2.70 2.62 2.40 2.49 2.55 2.58 2.58 2.51 2.64 2.68 2.30 2.49 2.51 2.37 2.77 2.56 2.63 2.58 2.54 2.64 2.51 2.70 2.63 2.64 2.65 2.46 2.58 2.39 2.50 2.65 2.43 2.60 2.56
KD
cm
1.49 1.55 1.67 1.35 1.81 1.54 1.83 1.52 1.58 1.80 1.56 1.61 1.38 1.48 1.48 1.68 1.56 1.75 1.34 1.48 1.72 1.58 1.56 1.42 1.60 1.66 1.7Z 1.22 1.59 1.50 1.54 1.38 1.37 1.43 1.37 1.34 2.15 1.59 1.50 1.55 1.74 1.52 1.40 1.46 1.51
EL
cm
13.88 13.11 13.46 10.89 18.88 14.07 14.85 13.76 14.01 16.30 14.23 14.30 13.02 11.79 15.24 11.15 13.96 13.75 12.88 14.50 14.86 13.72 13.28 13.92 14.11 13.43 13.36 14.21 14.43 15.23 13.15 13.86 14.43 11.97 14.36 15.28 14.35 14.87 14.89 15.24 11.78 13.89 15.19 14.36 13.94
RN
no.
13.46 15.79 15.07 13.07 13.33 15.27 14.86 13.70 15.45 12.70 14.23 15.24 14.39 16.30 12.84 15.10 14.24 15.37 12.93 13.70 14.18 15.54 13.12 13.40 13.46 13.52 16.37 12.94 13.74 14.05 13.43 12.43 13.38 15.19 13.60 13.84 15.70 15.56 14.13 12.18 14.55 14.20 12.62 13.07 12.60
EP
no.
1.12 1.00 0.99 0.82 1.21 0.98 1.03 0.99 0.95 1.05 0.98 0.98 0.96 0.94 1.00 0.83 0.92 0.93 0.99 1.00 0.98 0.98 0.99 1.00 0.97 1.00 0.97 0.97 1.02 0.98 0.84 0.98 0.99 0.74 0.87 0.97 0.95 0.89 0.98 0.99 0.89 0.99 0.91 1.00 1.05
BP
1.1 1.0 1.2
19.0 0.0 2.3 0.0 1.0 5.0 0.0 2.5 3.0 4.0 5.7 0.0 17.6 10.0 7.0 1.0 0.0 2.2 2.2 3.0 1.0 2.5 0.0 3.0 3.3 0.0 2.0
16.2 2.0 1.0
25.5 11.5 3.2 5.0 12.7 2.0 1.0
11.7 1.0 9.5 0.0 1.1
RL
0.00 0.83 0.43 4.17 0.00 0.00 0.70 0.43 0.00 0.88 0.00 0.00 2.09 0.42 0.00 0.62 0.00 1.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.74 0.00 0.42 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.00 0.42 0.00 0.83 0.00 0.67 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.87 0.00 0.83 0.00 0.00 1.67 0.00 0.00
SL
8.78 4.33 8.19 1,96 8.41 5.08 3.48 3.34 4.33 3.50 3.75 3.54 6.81 2.76 3.35 4.32 2.51 3.40 2.95 2.78 1.70 5.76 5.11 7.92 8.92 3.55 6.17 2.50 8.02 4.16 4.17 3.94 6.14 1.45 0.56 2.10 6.80 4.38 2.92 4.59 6.73
10.21 5.95 2.92 1.47
DE
0.00 0.00 0.00 2.02 0.52 0.93 0.00 0.00 1.68 0.00 1.43 1.05 0.42 0.42 0.00 1.71 1.26 1.29 0.43 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.90 0.42 0.00 0.93 1.34 0.42 O.OO 0.82 0.00 0.56 4.08 1.43 0.00 1.67 O.OO 0.00 0.42 2.34 0.42 0.00 0.42 0.42 0.00
PH
cm
EH
cm
220.5 210.5 213.1 158.2 216.0 205.9 229.8 192.8 200.8 239.6 202.8 203.6 232.9 186.4 183.2 201.6 188.0 207.8 183.7 203.5 206.4 201.8 176.2 187.4 190.5 189.6 197.0 196.9 226.5 206.8 187.2 198.0 195.1 185.6 214.1 204.3 195.3 186.8 199.0 207.3 215.1 185.2 187.7 213.2 192.7
122.2 101.7 109.8 73.2
110.0 110.0 120.3 96.4
100.7 117.4 103.3 94.0
122.4 90.5 85.1 96.6 87.3
104.9 83.8 95.7 88.9
103.4 77.2 92.2 87.2 89.6
100.5 91.6
121.2 99.5 82.0 97.5 87.9 76.8 95.4 96.3 83.2 83.7 99.7
105.7 108.2 84.2 90.9
105.9 102.1
AN
days
86.5 86.0 85.6 83.5 81.4 87.1 85.0 86.5 83.1 86.5 86.1 84.1 88.0 87.0 83.0 85.0 81.8 85.5 82.8 84.5 83.3 82.5 82.3 84.1 83.7 82.6 83.8 88.0 88.8 83.3 81.6 86.6 81.5 82.1 90.1 81.8 81.0 83.5 85.3 88.3 87.1 82.1 86.0 84.1 86.8
SE SO LU TB
days days cm no.
89.1 2.6 9.1 6.0 88.0 2.0 9.4 6.5 87.0 1.3 8.9 6.6 86.1 2.6 9.1 6.5 84.0 2.6 9.8 8.2 89.6 2.5 10.1 5.3 87.7 2.7 9.0 8.1 89.0 2.5 9.6 6.7 85.6 2.5 8.8 7.9 87.7 1.2 9.2 6.1 88.5 2.3 9.3 7.5 87.6 3.5 8.7 7.8 90.3 2.3 9.4 5.9 89.5 2.5 8.9 9.0 85.0 2.0 8.4 4.5 89.3 4.3 9.5 9.0 83.6 1.8 9.5 8.0 89.6 4.1 9.3 9.6 86.5 3.6 9.9 4.9 88.5 4.0 8.9 5.6 89.0 5.6 8.6 7.5 84.3 1.8 9.4 4.5 86.8 4.5 8.9 4.0 87.5 3.3 8.7 7.4 86.2 2.5 8.1 7.4 85.6 3.0 8.9 6.9 86.5 2.6 9.5 12.6 91.1 3.1 9.6 5.8 90.8 2.0 9.8 8.6 87.0 3.6 9.5 9.0 83.8 2.1 8.6 5.3 89.3 2.6 8.9 5.2 85.5 4.0 8.5 7.4 87.3 5.1 9.2 5.8 92.6 2.5 9.6 8.8 84.6 2.8 8.8 5.9 84.0 3.0 9.6 6.8 88.1 4.6 9.9 12.7 88.1 2.8 10.2 6.0 90.6 2.3 10.0 7.2 92.0 4.8 8.8 8.7 85.6 3.5 8.3 9.2 88.6 2.6 9.0 8.3 86.8 2.6 9.3 5.6 89.6 2.8 9.3 8.4
to
Table El. continued.
ENTRY HALE YD ED CD KD EL RN EP BP RL SL DE PH EH AH SE SD LW TB
g/plant cm cm cm cm no. no. cm cm days days days cm no.
91 092706 92 093102 93 093504 94 093506 95 093903 96 091904 97 092306 98 091905 99 094305 100 090701
98.0 88.9 107.7 89.4 94.0 94.4
102.2 73.8 66.1 88.8
4.10 3.98 4.15 4.14 3.95 4.10 4.21 3.89 4.10 4.26
2.58 2.41 2.52 2.71 2.53 2.65 2.57 2.50 2.68 2.82
1.51 1.57 1.62 1.43 1.42 1.45 1.64 1.39 1.42 1.44
14.27 13.50 14.00 14.47 15.94 13.18 14.20 12.70 11.62 13.42
13.16 13.90 14.27 13.80 13.63 14.36 15.35 12.73 15.82 14.75
1.01 1.00 1.01 1.02 0.94 0.95 1.00 0.88 0.78 0.95
0.0 5.2 0.0 0.0
10.0 5.0 1.0 12.3 22.0 5.0
0.52 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.42 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2.63 1.09 7.46
14.13 6.09 1.24 3.34 1.26 0.42 2.50
0.00 3.37 0.00 0.00 1.25 0.42 0.43 0.00 1.68 0.00
219.5 175.7 191.9 220.4 201.4 187.8 189.5 192.4 184.4 179.0
116.4 78.4 94.8 118.9 101.7 81.2 90.5 86.0 80.0 80.2
88.6 82.6 84.3 90.1 87.0 83.1 83.1 83.6 82.0 85.0
90.5 85.8 87.3 92.0 89.0 88.0 86.3 87.5 86.8 88.0
1.8 3.1 3.0 1.8 2.0 4.8 3.1 3.8 4.8 3.0
9.3 8.4 8.4 9.5 9.6 9.4 9.4 8.7 9.2 10.7
7.6 8.4 5.1 8.1 7.8 5.7 6.8 5.3 7.8 5.5
to
0^
Table E2. SI progeny means by environment.
Env. ENTRY HALE YD
g/plant
20520 1 088301 145.1 20520 2 088303 111.9 20520 3 095902 123.7 20520 4 088306 136.9 20520 5 088701 111.0 20520 6 095904 114.4 20520 7 088703 106.7 20520 8 088704 103.5 20520 9 228714 95.2 20520 10 089102 102.8 20520 11 089103 108.8 20520 12 089104 133.1 20520 13 089105 127.3 20520 14 229115 130.8 20520 15 089501 116.5 20520 16 089502 130.6 20520 17 089503 125.8 20520 18 231916 135.1 20520 19 229524 106.5 20520 20 089506 143.2 20520 21 089507 105.9 20520 22 089901 130.4 20520 23 089902 132.5 20520 24 089903 119.3 20520 25 089904 105.2 20520 26 090301 113.6 20520 27 090302 20520 28 229921 123.0 20520 29 230323 94.4 20520 30 226720 120.0 20520 31 090306 104.9 20520 32 230322 123.6 20520 33 230701 106.3 20520 34 231103 128.8 20520 35 232306 103.0 20520 36 231905 88.7 20520 37 231104 113.2 20520 38 091101 129.8 20520 39 232707 86.1 20520 40 091103 120.8 20520 41 091104 114.3 20520 42 226309 130.3 20520 43 091501 149.2 20520 44 091502 106.0 20520 45 091503 129.6
ED
4.70 4.30 4.65 4.60 4.35 4.30 4.10 3.90 4.45 4.60 4.10 4.50 4.20 4.45 4.25 4.35 4.45 4.40 4.45 4.50 4.10 4.55 4.50 4.45 4.05 4.15
4!25 4.05 4.70 4.45 4.25 4.25 4.40 4.25 4.10 4.25 4.70 4.35 4.30 4.25 4.35 4.50 4.00 4.30
CD
cm
2.70 2.55 2.65 2.75 2.65 2.45 2.25 2.35 2.55 2.60 2.45 2.55 2.50 2.50 2.55 2.30 2.40 2.65 2.70 2.70 2.55 2.55 2.60 2.40 2.20 2.45
2!50 2.55 2.80 2.40 2.40 2.40 2.60 2.50 2.25 2.40 2.90 2.70 2.60 2.30 2.55 2.65 2.45 2.65
KD
cm
Too" 1.75 2.00 1.85 1.70 1.85 1.85 1.55 1.90 2.00 1.65 1.95 1.70 1.95 1.70 2.05 2.05 1.75 1.75 1.80 1.55 2.00 1.90 2.05 1.85 1.70
1.75 1.50 1.90 2.05 1.85 1.85 1.80 1.75 1.85 1.85 1.80 1.65 1.70 1.95 1.80 1.85 1.55 1.65
EL
cm
16.00 15.35 14.90 14.95 14.85 14.60 14.45 15.95 14.85 14.50 15.55 16.80 17.30 16.00 15.05 15.80 16.60 16.15 15.60 15.95 14.80 15.60 15.35 13.70 14.75 15.30
15.30 15.60 17.15 15.05 15.15 15.35 16.60 14.45 13.70 15.35 14.60 15.45 16.65 15.60 16.15 16.25 15.15 15.25
RN
no.
14.70 13.60 15.10 15.80 13.90 14.30 13.80 12.00 13.10 14.60 12.70 13.80 12.50 13.20 13.00 12.80 13.70 14.90 14.95 15.70 14.70 15.70 14.65 15.10 11.90 14.60
15.60 13.60 15.60 12.80 13.60 12.90 13.80 13.90 13.30 12.50 15.80 15.25 12.70 13.40 14.80 14.00 11.60 13.80
EP
no.
1.00 1.05 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.05 1.05 0.90 1.00 1.10 1.15 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.95 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
1.'io 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.05 1.05 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.05 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
BP
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
RL
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.10 0.00 0.00
7!50 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.10 0.00 2.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
SL
12.50 2.10 2.10 9.50 0.00 0.00 2.10 5.00 6.80 8.30 6.25
16.00 6.25
31.25 6.25
10.40 4.35 7.50 0.00 0.00 4.15 4.40
13.85 2.10 6.25 8.30
5.00 0.00
10.70 12.50 4.15 4.20
18.75 4.20 6.25 2.10 0.00
14.60 2.10 0.00 4.15 9.10 6.25 8.35
DE
6.25 2.10 0.00 2.25 2.10 6.25 0.00 5.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.10
PH
cm
EH
cm
.00 .10 .35 .00 .00 .00
2.10 2.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.10
2.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.20 0.00 2.10 0.00
209.8 213.4 181.5 196.7 213.5 206.4 212.2 191.7 241.0 211.1 227.8 219.1 208.0 244.0 179.7 205.2 189.0 194.4 206.1 204.0 199.8 184.4 187.9 204.3 208.6 182.8
216!6 233.4 228.2 205.8 201.1 244.5 226.4 215.3 224.4 197.0 197.7 217.9 197.2 210.3 200.3 204.1 189.5 191.7
103.0 114.8 84.3 93.6 99.5 93.0
104.1 79.3
126.7 102.2 117.6 102.6 91.7
134.0 81.1 99.3 65.7 96.1 85.7 97.8 96.5 86.4 79.6
103.0 98.0 81.2
114)3 123.7 123.5 112.8 90.8
132.1 118.6 109.0 117.1 90.8 95.9
117.6 98.5 90.0 94.0 97.9 76.7 80.7
AN
days
82.0 88.5 79.0 83.0 83.0 81.0 86.0 83.5 89.0 87.5 86.0 85.5 81.5 88.5 79.0 82.0 80.0 82.0 87.0 82.0 85.0 80.0 78.0 85.5 81.0 78.5
82 .'0 85.5 88.0 83.0 79.0 88.0 84.5 85.5 87.5 86.0 83.5 86.5 85.0 84.5 82.0 83.0 79.0 81.5
SE SD LU TB
days days cm no.
85.0 3.0 8.6 6.6 92.0 3.5 9.2 6.6 84.0 5.0 9.0 5.2 87.5 4.5 9.4 5.2 85.0 2.0 8.4 11.1 87.0 6.0 9.3 9.7 89.0 3.0 8.7 4.3 87.0 3.5 10.3 9.9 90.0 1.0 8.1 5.0 91.5 4.0 8.7 6.4 90.0 4.0 9.0 6.9 90.5 5.0 8.6 8.6 85.0 3.5 9.4 6.9 90.5 2.0 9.2 7.0 83.0 4.0 7.5 6.2 85.5 3.5 7.7 5.8 84.5 4.5 8.6 7.0 85.5 3.5 8.9 5.3 89.0 2.0 8.3 4.7 84.5 2.5 8.2 5.4 88.0 3.0 9.3 5.6 83.5 3.5 8.1 8.1 81.5 3.5 7.5 9.7 87.0 1.5 8.7 8.0 85.5 4.5 9.1 9.8 82.5 4.0 8.6 7.0
84!O 2.0 9.3 6.6 89.5 4.0 9.2 5.8 90.5 2.5 10.0 7.1 85.0 2.0 7.2 5.4 85.0 6.0 9.0 5.0 90.5 2.5 8.5 6.6 87.0 2.5 9.3 6.2 88.0 2.5 8.4 5.0 89.5 2.0 9.0 7.3 89.0 3.0 8.1 5.5 87.0 3.5 9.5 5.3 90.5 4.0 10.2 6.9 87.5 2.5 8.6 5.9 88.0 3.5 8.3 6.6 85.5 3.5 8.6 6.8 86.0 3.0 9.3 5.7 83.5 4.5 7.7 5.5 84.5 3.0 8.1 5.0
to
Table E2. continued.
Env. EHTRY HALE YD
g/plant
20520 46 091504 105.5 20520 47 227110 131.9 20520 48 091901 133.6 20520 49 091902 82.3 20520 50 091903 187.3 20520 51 227511 133.3 20520 52 227512 137.4 20520 53 091906 102.5 20520 54 092301 146.1 20520 55 228313 150.2 20520 56 092303 111.0 20520 57 092305 131.6 20520 58 226308 106.4 20520 59 092307 111.7 20520 60 092701 126.9 20520 61 092702 111.3 20520 62 095901 139.2 20520 63 092704 135.6 20520 64 095505 99.7 20520 65 092707 114.8 20520 66 092708 131.1 20520 67 093101 137.9 20520 68 095503 98.0 20520 69 093104 108.5 20520 70 093105 119.9 20520 71 093501 101.7 20520 72 093502 115.9 20520 73 094705 95.8 20520 74 093505 107.9 20520 75 094702 133.9 20520 76 093901 112.6 20520 77 093902 123,0 20520 78 094701 125,4 20520 79 094302 104,1 20520 80 093906 67.9 20520 81 094301 122,1 20520 82 089101 137.9 20520 83 094303 107.7 20520 84 094304 114.0 20520 85 089107 102.1 20520 86 090303 84.9 20520 87 091505 109.5 20520 88 090703 104.2 20520 89 092302 133,4 20520 90 092703 94.9
ED
4.20 4.60 4.60 4.15 4.65 4.70 4.70 4.20 4.65 4.75 4.25 4.55 4.25 4.55 4.15 4.55 4.40 4.55 4.20 4.15 4.55 4.55 4.15 4.35 4.40 4.15 4.65 4.00 4.45 4.40 4.25 4.35 4.25 4.65 4.10 4.35 4.80 4.35 4.25 4.15 4.40 4.40 4.05 4.35 4.15
CO
cm
2.60 2.65 2.70 2.40 2.55 2.75 2.65 2.45 2.75 2.55 2.45 2.70 2.70 2.65 2.35 2.60 2.55 2.55 2.55 2.45 2.60 2.60 2.25 2.50 2.45 2.40 2.70 2.65 2.75 2.60 2.40 2.65 2.50 2.85 2.65 2.60 2.65 2.40 2.45 2.30 2.50 2.60 2.35 2.50 2.55
KO
cm
1.60 1.95 1.90 1.75 2.10 1.95 2.05 1.75 1.90 2.20 1.80 1.85 1.55 1.90 1.80 1.95 1,85 2.00 1.65 1.70 1,95 1.95 1.90 1.85 1.95 1.75 1.95 1.35 1.70 1.80 1.85 1.70 1.75 1.80 1.45 1.75 2.15 1.95 1.80 1.85 1.90 1.80 1.70 1.85 1.60
EL
cm
14.35 14.90 14.40 13.45 19.40 15.50 15.65 14.15 16.35 17.65 15.05 15.05 13.80 13.15 15.80 12.40 15.55 15.45 13.55 15,75 16.20 15.10 13.70 15.05 14.50 13.90 13.15 16.20 14.80 16.80 13.65 16.10 15.80 12.95 14.35 16.20 14.35 15.00 15.30 16.15 12.20 14.70 16.10 15,80 14.45
RN
no.
13.20 15.60 15.60 13.45 13.60 16.60 15.00 13.25 15,10 12,70 14,30 16,00 14.40 16.70 12.90 16.20 14.30 16,60 12,95 14,10 14,65 15,80 13,70 13,70 13,60 13.40 16.20 12.80 13.60 14.10 14.20 13.05 13.70 15.50 14.10 13.60 15.70 16.15 13.90 12.10 14.90 14.20 12.70 13.30 12.55
EP
no.
1.10 1.00 1.00 0.80 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.05 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.05 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1,00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.90 1.00 0.95 1.10 1.00 1.00 1.00 1,00 1,00 1.00 1.00
BP
0.0 0.0 0.0
20.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0,0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0,0 0.0 0.0
10,0 0,0 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
RL
0.00 4.15 2.15 0.85 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
SL
8.50 8.30 8.70 0.00 4.50 8.30 8.35 8.35 4.35 7.85 4.15 8.35
12.50 0.00 7.70 2.25 0.00 2.10 4,15 6,25 2,15
11,20 6,25
18,75 10.40 0.00 8.75 2.10
12.50 10.40 2.10 4.20
12.50 0.00 0.00 4.20 6.80 8,35 4,15 0.00 6.25
12.50 6.25 4.15 0.00
DE
0.00 0.00 0.00 2.10 2.10 2.10 0.00 0.00 6.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.10 0.00 0.00 4.40 0.00 2.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.10 2.10 0.00 0.00 2.10 0.00 0.00 6.25 0.00 0.00 2.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.15 2.10 0.00 2.10 0.00 0.00
PH
cm
EH
cm
232.8 219.5 226.2 178.5 208.5 216.6 227.1 196.4 202.0 242.5 213.0 213.3 244.0 185.5 187.9 205.6 199.0 209.5 190.5 197.4 208.6 205.7 185.5 192.2 198,0 193,5 197,0 202,2 228.4 213.5 190.9 202.8 190.7 188.6 223.2 204.0 195.3 192.0 201.1 210.2 226.0 185.7 189.9 215.5 192.4
131.3 104.8 112.3 77.8
105.7 115.2 115.6 95.0 97.7
116.5 109.3 96.1
126.8 86.6 88.4 91.8 91,0
101.6 86,3 87,8 90.5
104.3 80.6 94.5 89.5 87.6 96.7 95.8
123.4 98.9 79.0 92.7 83.7 74.5 98.9 91.8 83.2 79.5 93.6
101,8 116.7 81.8 89.9
104.7 103.5
AN
days
88.0 86.5 85.0 81.0 81.5 86.5 87.0 85.5 81.0 87.0 85.0 82.5 86.0 85.0 80.0 81.0 79.5 83.0 81.0 83.0 85.0 80,0 79,0 80,0 85.5 80.0 81.0 87,0 88.0 81.0 80.0 83.5 78.0 79.0 88.5 80.5 81.0 81.0 85.5 88.0 86.5 79.0 84.0 83.5 87.0
SE SO LU TB
days days cm no.
90.0 2.0 9.2 5,4 88.0 1.5 8.8 5,2 86.5 1.5 8.4 5,7 83.0 2.0 9.0 6,5 84.0 2.5 9.0 8,1 89.0 2.5 9.8 5,0 89.0 2.0 9.4 7.6 87.5 2.0 8.9 6,1 83.0 2,0 8.2 7,5 88.5 1,5 9.6 5,1 87.0 2,0 8.8 7,4 86,0 3.5 8.3 6,9 88,0 2.0 9.1 5,1 88,5 3.5 8.4 8,0 82.0 2.0 8.2 3,9 88.0 7.0 9.4 7,3 81.0 1.5 8.9 7,4 88.0 5.0 8.9 8,0 86.0 5.0 9.2 5,0 87.0 4.0 9.0 5,1 90.0 5.0 8.8 6,9 82.0 2.0 9.0 4,4 84.5 5.5 8.4 4,1 84.5 4.5 8.4 7,5 88.0 2,5 7.9 7.4 84.5 4,5 8.4 6.0 83.5 2,5 9.0 9.7 90.0 3,0 9.1 6.0 89.5 1,5 9.2 7.8 86.0 5,0 9.4 7.2 81.0 1,0 8.2 5.1 86.5 3.0 8,5 5,1 83.5 5.5 8,1 7,3 86.0 7.0 9.1 5,7 92.0 3.5 9.9 8,6 84.0 3.5 8.5 5,7 84.0 3.0 9.6 6,8 85.0 4.0 9.3 11,5 88.0 2.5 10.1 5,3 90.0 2.0 9.3 7,1 91.5 5.0 8.2 7,4 83.5 4.5 7.8 8,8 86.0 2.0 8,5 7,8 85.5 2.0 8,9 5,6 90.0 3.0 9,1 8,0
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61-2
Table E2. continued
Env. ENTRY HALE YD ED
g/plant cm
20620 36 231905 93.0 4.05 20620 37 231104 109.9 4.20 20620 38 091101 120.4 4.55 20620 39 232707 60.4 3.80 20620 40 091103 94.5 4.05 20620 41 091104 80.9 3.75 20620 42 226309 108.5 4.05 20620 43 091501 112.5 4.45 20620 44 091502 94.2 3.80 20620 45 091503 93.5 4.15 20620 46 091504 100.0 4.15 20620 47 227110 81.3 4.15 20620 48 091901 100.7 4.35 20620 49 091902 68.9 3.75 20620 50 091903 197.9 4.60 20620 51 227511 83.9 4.15 20620 52 227512 95.0 4.35 20620 53 091906 103.5 4.10 20620 54 092301 118.1 4.45 20620 55 228313 109.5 4.25 20620 56 092303 97.0 4.10 20620 57 092305 112.0 4.40 20620 58 226308 85.3 4.15 20620 59 092307 75.8 4.10 20620 60 092701 103.1 3.85 20620 61 092702 85.4 4.35 20620 62 095901 104.8 4.25 20620 63 092704 89.8 4.45 20620 64 095505 84.1 3.95 20620 65 092707 81.9 3.90 20620 66 092708 82.2 4.30 20620 67 093101 105.5 4.25 20620 68 095503 96.8 4.00 20620 69 093104 90.6 4.00 20620 70 093105 97.1 4.15 20620 71 093501 87.6 4.00 20620 72 093502 146.3 4.85 20620 73 094705 65.2 3.75 20620 74 093505 81.8 4.10 20620 75 094702 114.2 4.20 20620 76 093901 95.7 4.05 20620 77 093902 94.5 4.15 20620 78 094701 81.0 3.85 20620 79 094302 77.5 4.40 20620 80 093906 68.0 4.30
CO
cm
KD
cm
EL
cm
RN
no.
EP
no.
BP RL SL DE PH
cm
EH AN SE SO LU TB
cm days days days cm no.
2.55 2.70 2.95 2.60 2.50 2.30 2.55 2.65 2.40 2.55 2.60 2.75 2.80 2.55 2.70 2.75 2.65 2.65 2.75 2.75 2.60 2.65 2.75 2.60 2.35 2.60 2.60 2.50 2.65 2.55 2.65 2.70 2.50 2.55 2.55 2.50 2.90 2.50 2.30 2.70 2.55 2.65 2.55 2.90 2.80
1.50 1.50 1.60 1.20 1.55 1.45 1.50 1.80 1.40 1.60 1.55 1.40 1.55 1.20 1.90 1.40 1.70 1.45 1.70 1.50 1.50 1.75 1.40 1.50 1.50 1.75 1.65 1.95 1.30 1.35 1.65 1.55 1.50 1.45 1.60 1.50 1.95 1.25 1.80 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.30 1.50 1.50
14.10 14.90 14.25 13.05 14.00 14.25 15.70 15.35 15.50 12.65 14.20 12.20 13.60 11.75 18.80 13.00 13.40 14.65 14.95 15.30 14.20 14.55 13.60 12.70 15.25 12.00 13.80 13.05 13.35 14.25 13.90 13.55 14.05 14.75 13.80 13.60 14.80 14.35 13.45 15.25 13.75 14.45 14.10 12.30 15.90
13.60 13.00 16.40 14.20 13.00 12.80 14.30 14.10 11.40 13.80 13.80 15.00 14.70 13.20 13.60 14.60 14.50 13.50 15.40 12.60 13.60 15.40 14.25 15.40 12.70 14.80 14.30 11.60 12.70 13.70 14.10 15.30 12.40 13.60 13.50 13.20 16.70 12.60 13.30 13.80 13.40 12.40 13.20 15.30 14.00
1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.90 1.25 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.90 1.00 0.95 1.00 1.00 0.95 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.05 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.95 0.70
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
10.0 0.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 5.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.5
27.5
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.10 2.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2.10 2.80 0.00 2.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.10 0.00 4.15 0.00 0.00 2.10 9.15 2.10 4.25 2.10 4.15 0.00 4.20 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.10 0.00 0.00 2.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.20 0.00 0.00
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o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o r— o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o in o o o o o Q o *— o o o o *- o o o o o o o ru o o o o o o *— o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o rg o o o o o o o o o CM o o o fv] o ro o o o o o o o rvj o
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O F J O O O O
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
o o ^ o ^ o o o o o i n o o o o o o o o t n i n o o o t n o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o ^ o o o o O ^ O t- O O O ^ O O O C S J O O O O O O O O O J O O O t- O *— oo^ooooooooooc>oooo
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iCK5 9H5P22"^2!n!0®. oincM'.»h«-f>JO^c\j«Mo»fMKJ^o«—oino*~opo^^c\jmm»-ro>j'*-roroojo»rurvj'^^o^'sTO^w—o
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h. fO •<* O CM ro o •- CM ro CM sO ro ro in CO r>. ru in N. CO ro o p o o o o O o o o o o o O T-" o o o o o o o o o o o o o r* •— ro in m in in r" o Os o. m in o ro ro ro ro ro ro rs- N. o h- in N- fs. in «— (M sO *— h- CM CO CM CM sO CM (M ru in CM in rvj CM ro in o ro CM Os o CM o c> Os Os CM Os Os Os rvi rvj Os Os CM Os Os r*j Os o> o Os Os Os Os Os o> Os o ro CM o o CM o o o o CM O o o fVI CM o o CM o o OJ o O o o o o o o o o 00 o* o CM ro sf in sO r»- CO < o rvj ro in sO h. CO Os o CM fO in so h- CO ro ro sr NJ- •<r •4' Nj- •S* >3* in m tn in in in in in in in sO sO SO sO sO sO so
o o o o o o o O o o o o o o O o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o CM CM (M CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM rvi CM CM CM CM CM rsj ru CM CM CM CM ru ru rvj ru CM sO sO O SO SO so sO SO O SO so <o SO sO sO sO sO SO sO so so so sO sO SO >o so sO so sO SO «-• •— *— «-• *— CM rsi CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM (M CM CM CM CM ro CM CM OJ ru ru CM <\l CM ro CM CM
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Table E2. continued
Env. ENTRY HALE
30520 16 089502 30520 17 089503 30520 18 231916 30520 19 229524 30520 20 089506 30520 21 089507 30520 22 089901 30520 23 089902 30520 24 089903 30520 25 089904 30520 26 090301 30520 27 090302 30520 28 229921 30520 29 230323 30520 30 226720 30520 31 090306 30520 32 230322 30520 33 230701 30520 34 231103 30520 35 232306 30520 36 231905 30520 37 231104 30520 38 091101 30520 39 232707 30520 40 091103 30520 41 091104 30520 42 226309 30520 43 091501 30520 44 091502 30520 45 091503 30520 46 091504 30520 47 227110 30520 48 091901 30520 49 091902 30520 50 091903 30520 51 227511 30520 52 227512 30520 53 091906 30520 54 092301 30520 55 228313 30520 56 092303 30520 57 092305 30520 58 226308 30520 59 092307 30520 60 092701
YD ED
g/plant cm
CD
cm
KD
cm
EL
cm
RN
no.
EP
no.
BP RL SL DE PH
cm
EH
cm
AN SE SD LU TB
days days days cm no.
79.0 72.9 82.4 48.5 74.9 72.1 62.1
70.7 73.9
85 !o 58.6 79.2 66.6 76.4 49.9 63.6 88.3 72.4 80.7 64.7 59.2 46.9 62.9 63.7 43.7 32.2 63.3 77.8 65.5 56.4 38.1
125.7 64.0
77.7 65.4
6718 76.0 53.5 42.3 85.5
3.80 4.00 3.95 3.85 4.05 3.75 3.80
3.75 3.80
3)75 3.70 4.10 3.75 3.90 3.45 3.90 4.00 3.95 3.90 4.10 3.85 3.60 3.65 3.80 3.75 3.55 3.80 3.75 3.95 3.50 3.45 4.25 4.00
4!O5 4.00
4.00 4.00 3.85 3.85 3.75
2.35 2.35 2.60 2.55 2.55 2.45 2.60
2.30 2.40
2!40 2.60 2.90 2.35 2.50 2.35 2.75 2.60 2.55 2.45 2.80 2.55 2.60 2.50 2.40 2.55 2.20 2.45 2.55 2.60 2.20 2.40 3.10 2.65
2!65 2.65
2.45 2.55 2.60 2.45 2.45
1.45 1.65 1.35 1.30 1.50 1.30 1.20
1.45 1.40
I!35 1.10 1.20 1.40 1.40 1.10 1.15 1.40 1.40 1.45 1.30 1.30 1.00 1.15 1.40 1.20 1.35 1.35 1.20 1.35 1.30 1.05 1.15 1.35
I!40 1.35
liss 1.45 1.25 1.40 1.30
13.45 13.35 14.40 13.65 12.85 13.45 13.15
13.65 13.05
14!85 13.40 15.15 13.25 13.95 13.35 14.60 14.40 13.95 13.60 13.00 12.85 12.10 14.40 13.90 11.75 12.80 13.65 13.70 11.70 10.85 9.90
18.51 13.10
13!40 11.50
13!85 13.35 12.50 10.45 14.85
12.90 13.70 14.85 14.00 14.70 13.95 15.15
12.70 14.40
14.'30 13.20 15.10 13.50 14.10 12.25 13.85 14.75 13.30 13.85 16.80 16.40 12.95 13.15 14.55 13.05 13.35 13.80 13.35 16.05 14.30 14.00 13.58 15.00
14!55 15.90
14165 15.25 14.15 16.50 12.90
1.00 0.90 0.90 0.95 0.95 1.00 0.85
1.00 1.05
i!oo 0.95 1.10 0.90 1.00 0.85 0.90 1.00 0.95 1.00 0.85 0.95 0.90 0.70 0.90 0.75 0.50 1.00 1.10 1.00 0.95 0.90 1.29 0.95
0^95 1.00
O!90 1.00 0.95 0.80 1.00
0.0 8.5
10.5 5.0 6.0 0.0
29.0
0.0 0.0
o!o 5.0 0.0
10.0 0.0
15.0 15.0 0.0 5.0 6.0
15.0 5.0
10.0 30.0 10.0 25.0 50.0 0.0 5.5 5.0 6.0
15.0 0.4 5.0
sio 0.0
12.5 5.0 5.0
18.5 0.0
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
o.'oo 0.00 0.00 2.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
o!oo 0.00
o'.oo 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
8.35 0.00 4.55 0.00 6.25 0.00 0.00
0.00 4.60
9!35 5.25
16.25 6.25 2.10 0.00
10.20 8.35
10.80 2.80
10,00 2.65 9.15
13.65 10.70 5.25 8.35 4.15
18.75 5.00 5.55 7.70
33.03 6.25
o!oo 6.25
o!oo 3.10 9.05 7.15 0.00
4.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 2.10
o!oo 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.10 0.00 2.50 2.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.85 0.28 0.00
oioo 0.00
7:15 5.25 0.00 0.00 0.00
196.1 172.2 181.6 191.8 179.7 184.2 160.9
189.8 175.9
202)7 228.4 197.0 192.7 167.8 206.8 204.9 197.6 201.0 189.1 189.8 197.3 175.4 175.5 188.2 188.4 180.1 173.6 208.5 199.8 196.8 144.6 208.5 194.7
187^5 187.2
192)2 187.7 211.8 169.5 162.7
103.0 71.8 88.1 88.7 88.0 91.0 75.0
92.7 79.0
111.2 126.1 104.0 104.1 74.8
108.2 100.9 101.4 111.3 96.6 93.9
100.6 91.6 81.6 89.7 89.2 78.2 79.3
115.0 96.6
101.2 64.0
111.2 103.5
94^6 92.6
99.7 84.6
111.2 79.9 75.7
93.0 89.5 89.0 90.5 89.5 91.0 91.0
89.0 88.0
91 !5 93.0 92.5 90.5 90.0 95.0 91.0 90.5 93.5 91.5 90.0 92.0 90.0 90.0 90.5 90.0 88.0 89.0 89.5 90.0 89.5 89.5 89.8 92.0
93!5 90.0
92)5 90.0 94.5 93.5 90.0
94.5 91.0 90.0 92.5 91.0 92.5 92.0
93.0 91.0
93!O 96.0 95.0 92.5 92.0 97.5 93.5 92.5 95.0 93.0 93.0 93.5 92.5 92.0 91.0 92.5 91.0 92.0 91.5 92.5 90.0 90.0 91.7 94.0
95^0 92.0
93!5 92.0 97.0 94.5 91.0
1.5 1.5 1.0 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.0
4.0 3.0
1)5 3.0 2.5 2.0 2.0 2.5 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.5 3.0 1.5 2.5 2.0 0.5 2.5 3.0 3.0 2.0 2.5 0.5 0.5 1.9 2.0
lis 2.0
r.o 2.0 2.5 1.0 1.0
9.5 9.7
10.2 8.9
10.1 10.8 9.5
10.9 10.2
9)9 10.0 11.2 8.8 9.8 9.4
10.4 9.9 9.9
10.3 10.7 11.2 9.0 9.3 9.2
10.0 9.0 9.6 9.5
10.0 9.5
10.0 11.2 10.6
10.6 9.6
lois 9.5 9.9 9.8 8.5
5.8 7.5 5.9 5.1 5.8 6.3 8.1
9.6 7.3
bIO 7.0 6.9 6.4 4.3 7.0 7.5 5.7 9.0 5.6 5.6 8.2 7.0 5.1 7.4 5.2 6.3 5.3 5.8 7.2 5.9 6.5 9.1 5.2
6.9 7.8
8^1 7,5 5.7 9,0 4.5
to 01 4k
Table E2. continued
Env. ENTRY HALE
30520 61 092702 30520 62 095901 30520 63 092704 30520 64 095505 30520 65 092707 30520 66 092708 30520 67 093101 30520 68 095503 30520 69 093104 30520 70 093105 30520 71 093501 30520 72 093502 30520 73 094705 30520 74 093505 30520 75 094702 30520 76 093901 30520 77 093902 30520 78 094701 30520 79 094302 30520 80 093906 30520 81 094301 30520 82 089101 30520 83 094303 30520 84 094304 30520 85 089107 30520 86 090303 30520 87 091505 30520 88 090703 30520 89 092302 30520 90 092703 30520 91 092706 30520 92 093102 30520 93 093504 30520 94 093506 30520 95 093903 30520 96 091904 30520 97 092306 30520 98 091905 30520 99 094305 30520 100 090701 30620 1 088301 30620 2 088303 30620 3 095902 30620 4 088306 30620 5 088701
YD ED CD
g/plant cm cm
KD
cm
EL
cm
RH
no.
EP
no.
BP RL SL DE PH
cm
EH
ctn
AN SE SD LU TB
days days days cm no.
90.0 92.5 2.5 10.3 8.6 89.0 90.5 1.5 10.4 8.4 91.0 95.0 4.0 10.0 9.8 88.0 90.0 2.0 10.7 4.3
89!O 89!5 ois 9!3 i*\z 89.5 92.5 3.0 9.8 4.4 92.5 93.5 1.0 8.7 6.9
89!5 91.0 1.'5 9.3 7.'o 89.5 91.0 1.5 10.4 13.8 93.0 95.0 2.0 10.5 5.4 93.0 95.0 2.0 10.6 8.2 89.0 92.0 3.0 9.8 9.1 88.5 90.5 2.0 8.9 5.2 94.5 96.0 1.5 9.3 4.8 88.0 90.5 2.5 9.1 7.2 89.5 94.0 4.5 9.4 6.3 94.5 95.5 1.0 10.4 7.7 88.0 91.0 3.0 9.1 5.7
92)5 96!5 4!O 1O!3 isio 91.0 93.0 2.0 10.8 5.9 93.5 96.0 2.5 10.8 6.9 92.0 95.5 3.5 9.5 9.6 90.0 91.5 1.5 8.9 9.2 91.0 93.0 2.0 10.1 8.0 90.0 92.0 2.0 10.1 5.5 91.8 92.7 0.9 10.5 9.1 91.5 93.0 1.5 10.2 7.6 90.5 92.5 2.0 9.4 7.0 89.5 92.5 3.0 9.1 4.8 94.0 95.0 1.0 10.1 8.4 93.0 93.5 0.5 10.2 7.2 90.5 92.5 2.0 10.0 5.6 89.5 91.0 1.5 9.9 7.1 89.5 92.0 2.5 9.5 5.2 90.0 92.5 2.5 8.7 7.7 90.5 93.5 3.0 11.5 5.7
« A . 9.5 7.6 , , 9.4 6.8 , 9.7 6.8 , , 9.7 5.6
A . 9.8 12.7
3S.2 58.8 63.7 66.6
53.8 73.0 24.0
69.3 93.0 54.1 86.3 55.5 44.6 53.7 54.7 7.5
45.6 69.0
50.6 75.9 73.1 38.7 62.6 63.3 89.2 66.5 78.8 77.4 72.5 75.8 63.9 64.9 73.8 48.1 15,7 91.5 98.4 78.7 66.0 72.6 66.2
3.95 3.90 4.20 3.70
3.90 3.90 3.30
3."70 4.35 3.80 4.15 3.75 4.20 3.70 3.50 3.50 3.60 3.80
3!60 4.05 3.75 3.95 3.95 3.80 4.05 3.75 3.95 3.80 3.75 4.15 3.75 3.90 4.00 3.75 3.60 4.35 4.10 3.90 4.10 4.00 3.85
2.20 2.40 2.60 2.45
2.55 2.35 2.35
2.'10 2.80 2.55 2.75 2.40 2.70 2.65 2.40 2.20 2.40 2.55
2)45 2.65 2.35 2.40 2.55 2.45 2.75 2.60 2.65 2.20 2.40 2.75
.45
.60
.55
.35
.50 2.90 2.75 2.55 2.70 2.60 2.65
1.75 1.50 1.60 1.25
1.35 1.55 0.95
1.60 1.55 1.25 1.40 1.35 1.50 1.05 1.10 1.30 1.20 1.25
i!I5 1.40 1.40 1.55 1.40 1.35 1.30 1.15 1.30 1.60 1.35 1.40 1.30 1.30 1.45 1.40 1.10 1.45 1.35 1.35 1.40 1.40 1.20
9.70 12.85 13.40 11.55
11.15 14.20 11.70
12!75 12.30 13.60 14.90 13.90 11.15 12.75 12.90 9.30
13.60 14.70
12!80 14.35 13.85 11.45 13.40 15.70 14.30 14.61 13.80 13.05 12.50 14.55 15.55 12.80 12.90 11.70 8.55
13.90 13.40 12.85 12.35 13.15 11.70
14.00 14.05 16.20 12.95
15.40 13.15 12.40
14.'05 17.10 13.55 13.60 13.85 13.10 12.10 13.45 14.65 12.60 14.50
14.60 14.25 12.40 13.75 14.30 13.10 12.70 12.68 13.20 13.50 13.80 14.25 13.75 14.05 16.35 12.70 16.00 15.80 15.80 13.50 14.50 15.00 14.50
0.70 0.85 0.80 1.00
0.90 0.95 1.00
i!oo 0.95 0.85 1.00 0.90 0.80 0.95 1.00 0.35 0.90 0.85
0.70 0.90 1.00 0.70 1.00 0.80 1.00 1.19 1.00 1.15 1.05 1.00 0.80 0.90 1.00 0.75 0.40 1.00 0.90 1.00 1.00 0.95 1.00
33.0 15.0 20.0 0.0
11.0 15.0 0.0
o.'o 5.0
16.5 0.0
10.0 21.0 5.0 0.0
63.5 8.5
16.0
28!5 10.0 0,0
33,5 0.0
21.0 0,0 0.4 0,0 6,0 0.0 0,0
20,0 10.0 0.0
25.0 60.0 0,0
10.0 0.0 0.0 5.0 0.0
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0,00 0.00
o!oo 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.35 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
8.30 2.10 2.40
10.60
2.80 4.75 4.15
8.90 8.75 0.00 8.35 2.00 6.25 7.15 3.55 4.75 0.00 2.10
5.00 2.10
10.45 13.90 15.60 11.00 0.00 0.26 0.00 0.00
12.90 16.35 11.45 3.10 4.15 0.00 0.00 8.35
10.40 10.40 8.35 2.10
11.90
4.15 2.10 2.25 2.15
0.00 2.40 0.00
o.'oo 2.50 0.00 0.00 2.00 0.00 2.80 3.35 7.15 0.00 4.15
0.00 0.00 5.45 0.00 0,00 0.00 0.00 0.28 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.95
186.4 182.2 193.5 169.9
172.5 166.8 163.8
177.9 185.1 178.7 211.6 185.0 169.3 180.3 188.7 181.0 195.0 192.1
169!O 190.8 200.1 197.8 172.0 175.7 198.7 182.9 205.5 162.5 187.0 215.8 186.3 178.0 168.6 184.1 170.8 169.9 211,6 206,0 187.0 199.2 195,2
85.5 89.0 99.5 78,5
84.7 70,6 78.6
81^7 95.1 82.7
112.7 87.1 71.5 92.1 82.5 76.6 91.6 85.7
73!I 97.4
106.8 98.9 76.5 88.8 95.3 95.1
111.2 64.6 96.2
119.2 92.3 79.0 79.7 90.1 72.7 78.7
112.3 109.7 90.4
105.6 98.4
N) m ui
Table E2. continued
Env. ENTRY HALE YD ED CD KD EL RN EP BP RL SL DE PH EH AN SE SO LU
g/plant cm cm cm cm no. no. XX X X cm cm days days days cm
TB
no.
30620 6 095904 45.0 3.35 2.05 1.30 11.10 14.00 0.70 30.0 0.00 4.15 0.00 210.8 103.0 30620 7 088703 85.7 3.85 2.35 1.50 14.85 14.30 0.90 10.0 2.15 0.00 0.00 208.3 112.4 30620 a 088704 45.2 3.15 1.70 1.45 11.85 12.55 0.75 25.0 7.50 0.00 0.00 197.1 92.9 30620 9 228714 , , , A
30620 10 089102 81.4 4.19 2.69 1.50 13.24 14.40 1.01 1.3 0.04 16.11 0.11 222.8 117.7 30620 11 089103 76.7 3.75 2.35 1.40 13.80 13.15 0.95 5.0 0.00 2.10 0.00 213.0 112.0 30620 12 089104 95.8 4.10 2.60 1.50 15.40 13.60 0.95 5.5 3.85 10.00 0.00 221.5 115.7 30620 13 089105 74.9 3.70 2.45 1.25 15.05 12.30 0.95 5.0 0.00 2.10 0.00 200.7 96.3 30620 14 229115 83.8 3.75 2.25 1.50 14.40 13.20 1.00 0.0 0.00 18.75 2.10 236.6 133.3 30620 15 089501 66.5 3.90 2.75 1.15 13.40 14.10 0.85 15.0 0.00 2.10 0.00 191.8 88.5 30620 16 089502 88.5 3.90 2.45 1.45 13.85 12.50 1.00 0.0 0.00 4.20 2.10 203.4 101.8 30620 17 089503 37.1 3.49 2.39 1.10 13.84 12.60 0.71 28.6 4.15 3.61 0.11 186.8 81.0 30620 18 231916 74.6 3.85 2.60 1.25 13.00 14.85 0.95 5.0 2.10 2.25 4.15 197.3 102.8 30620 19 229524 78.2 3.95 2.55 1.40 13.30 14.00 1.00 0.0 0.00 2.10 0.00 206.4 89.2 30620 20 089506 92.2 4.00 2.50 1.50 13.90 14.50 1.00 0.0 0.00 8.35 0.00 205.1 106.0 30620 21 089507 67.0 3.85 2.50 1.35 13.25 14.50 1.05 0.0 0.00 16.65 0.00 200.7 97.4 30620 22 089901 62.8 4.05 2.60 1.45 13.15 15.45 0.75 25.0 0.00 5.50 0.00 189.8 97.8 30620 23 089902 , , , 30620 24 089903 • , A • A A A
30620 25 089904 70.5 3.70 2.25 1.45 13.10 11.50 0.95 5.0 0.00 12.50 0.00 222.9 121.2 30620 26 090301 91.2 3.95 2.55 1.40 14.80 13.40 1.00 0.0 0.00 2.10 0.00 178.6 91.8 30620 27 090302 , , , , , 30620 28 229921 88.6 3.75 2.45 1.30 14.60 14.70 1.00 0.0 0.00 10.95 0.00 222.3 124.5 30620 29 230323 81.3 3.85 2.45 1.40 14.05 13.90 1.00 0.0 0.00 12.50 0.00 230.0 126.0 30620 30 226720 , , , . , A
30620 31 090306 96.3 4.05 2.45 1.60 14.40 14.00 1.00 0.0 0.00 23.45 0.00 209,9 116.9 30620 32 230322 87.4 3.85 2.50 1.35 13.45 13.30 1.05 0.0 0.00 2.15 0.00 203.9 102.9 30620 33 230701 79.6 3.75 2.50 1.25 13.75 13.60 1.00 0.0 0.40 8.30 0.00 232,8 134.3 30620 34 231103 76.4 3.80 2.40 1.40 13.95 13.50 0.95 5.0 0.85 14.95 0.00 220.5 111.8 30620 35 232306 95.6 4.05 2.55 1.50 13.65 14.90 1.00 0.0 0.00 8.30 0.00 226,7 117.9 30620 36 231905 84.7 3.90 2.40 1.50 13.35 13.70 1.00 0.0 2,10 8.35 2.10 217.4 118.4 30620 37 231104 84.4 3.95 2.40 1.55 13.80 12.90 1.00 0.0 0.00 14.60 0.00 195,8 101.7 30620 38 091101 99.7 4.15 2.90 1.25 13.50 16.20 0.90 10.0 0.00 12.90 0.00 202.3 101.1 30620 39 232707 70.3 3.75 2.55 1.20 12.80 15.55 0.90 10.0 5,00 7.50 0.00 218.2 117.1 30620 40 091103 56.2 3.55 2.50 1.05 12.90 12.60 0.95 5.5 8,35 2.10 0.00 197.2 104.6 30620 41 091104 56.5 3.80 2.40 1.40 14.10 13.20 0.80 25.0 8.35 0.00 0.00 221.6 105.1 30620 42 226309 78.2 3.90 2.50 1.40 15.50 14.65 0.85 15.0 0.00 6.25 0.00 205.2 108.5 30620 43 091501 73.9 3.95 2.65 1.30 13.85 13.80 0.90 10.0 0.00 5.25 0.00 193.9 94.6 30620 44 091502 69.7 3.70 2.35 1.35 14.25 13.05 0.95 5.0 6.25 2.10 0.00 199.4 87.6 30620 45 091503 83.8 3.90 2.55 1.35 13.75 12.85 1.00 0.0 0.00 4.15 0.00 195.3 90.7 30620 46 091504 76.7 3.55 1.90 1.65 12.45 13.45 1.15 0.0 0.00 12.50 0.00 217.3 118.4 30620 47 227110 71.8 4.05 2.70 1.35 12.55 16.30 1.00 0.0 0.00 6.25 0.00 208.8 105.3 30620 48 091901 100.8 4.65 2.85 1.80 13.00 16.35 1.00 0.0 0.00 16.65 0.00 208.9 111.4 30620 49 091902 19.2 3.55 2.20 1.35 8.55 12.25 0.50 50.0 0.00 2.10 0.00 142.5 73.6 30620 50 091903 196.4 4.29 2.29 2.00 19.64 14.00 1.61 1.3 0.04 0.00 0.11 222.2 108.6
9.7 9.6
10.0
9)3 9.4
10.7 9.5
10.2 9.1 9.5 9.1
10.1 9.4
10.1 10.2 9.6
10.6 9.5
9!5 9.8
bIS 9.8 9.7
10.3 9.4 9.3 9.7
10.2 11.1 9.7 9.0 9.3
10.2 8.9 9.2 9.2
10.0 9.4 9.5
11.3
10.4 5.1
10.2
7!2 9.1 8.9 8.7 8.6 7.5 6.2 9.6 6.5 5.5 6.2 7.0 9.5
11.6 7.0
7.9 6.9
6.1 5.9 8.6 8.6 5.9 9.3 6.6 5.8 9.7 6.5 6.4 6.9 6.2 7.7 6.5 5.9 8.1 7.4 7.0 7.8
to Ul o\
Table E2. continued
Env. ENTRY MALE YD ED CD KD EL RN EP BP
g/plant cm cm cm cm no. no. %
30620 51 227511 67.5 4.09 2.69 1 .40 12.84 14.50 1.01 9.6 30620 52 227512 , S , A , . 30620 53 091906 86.1 4.00 2.50 1 .50 13.20 13.50 1.00 0.0 30620 54 092301 59.0 4.05 2.65 1 .40 12.30 15.45 0.75 25.0 30620 55 228313 , A . •
30620 56 092303 71.6 3.95 2.60 1 .35 13.60 14.50 1.00 0.0 30620 57 092305 69.7 3.90 2.50 1 .40 13.95 14.35 0.90 10.0 30620 58 226308 63.0 3.80 2.65 1 .15 11.60 14.75 0.85 15.0 30620 59 092307 50.6 3.75 2.60 1 .15 10.00 16.30 0.90 10.0 30620 60 092701 91.4 3.70 2.40 1 .30 15.35 12.80 1.00 0.0 30620 61 092702 32.6 3.80 2.45 1 .35 9.90 15.00 0.55 45.0 30620 62 095901 42.4 3.80 2.60 1 .20 12.85 14.85 0.65 35.0 30620 63 092704 73.6 4.05 2.55 1 .50 12.20 16.15 0.90 10.0 30620 64 095505 63.6 3.65 2.50 1 .15 12.10 13.05 0.95 5.0 30620 65 092707 , . . . . . . 30620 66 092708 . , . 30620 67 093101 96.5 4.15 2.65 1 .50 13.95 15.50 1.00 0.0 30620 68 095503 75.6 3.30 2.10 1 .20 11.65 13.45 1.00 0.0 30620 69 093104 70.0 3.80 2.45 1 .35 14.05 13.60 0.95 5.0 30620 70 093105 113.8 3.95 2.55 1 .40 13.55 13.65 0.90 10.0 30620 71 093501 100.8 3.99 2.29 1 .70 14.24 13.60 1.01 1.3 30620 72 093502 86.2 4.20 2.70 1 .50 12.50 16.35 0.90 10.0 30620 73 094705 54.3 3.50 2.45 1 .05 12.95 12.85 1.00 0.0 30620 74 093505 91.7 4.05 2.60 1 .45 13.65 14.20 1.00 0.0 30620 75 094702 80.3 3.90 2.55 1 .35 14.50 13.70 1.00 0.0 30620 76 093901 25.1 3.70 2.50 1 .20 13.35 13.25 0.40 60.0 30620 77 093902 73.8 3.90 2.60 1 .30 13.05 12.40 0.95 5.0 30620 78 094701 69.6 3.80 2.45 1 .35 14.40 13.35 0.95 5.0 30620 79 094302 19.0 3.70 2.55 1 .15 10.75 15.50 0.40 58.5 30620 80 093906 , , , , 30620 81 094301 75.6 3.65 2.55 1 !lO 14.55 13.40 1.00 0.0 30620 82 089101 . A
30620 83 094303 70.2 4.10 2.45 1 !65 14.80 16.40 0.75 25.0 30620 84 094304 87.3 3.95 2.55 1, .40 13.80 14.60 1.00 0.0 30620 85 0B9107 73.7 3.75 2.35 1 .40 14.25 12.00 0.95 5.0 30620 86 090303 68.4 4.35 2.55 1, .80 11.20 15.65 0.80 20.0 30620 87 091505 65.6 4.10 2.70 1, .40 14.15 14.00 0.95 5.0 30620 88 090703 52.8 3.60 2.40 1, .20 13.75 12.55 0.85 16.5 30620 89 092302 79.0 3.70 2.40 1, .30 13.30 13.05 1.00 0.0 30620 90 092703 93.3 4.10 2.50 1, .60 13.05 13.50 1.15 0.0 30620 91 092706 • • . . 30620 92 093102 60.2 3.80 2.30 i! !50 11.80 14.20 0.90 15.0 30620 93 093504 , . . , . . 30620 94 093506 74.1 3.90 2.60 i! !30 14.05 14.30 1.00 0.0 30620 95 093903 56.7 3.80 2.45 1. .35 15.15 13.95 0.75 25.0
RL SL DE PH EH AN SE SD LU TB
X X X cm cm days days days cm no.
0.04 11.91 4.08 197.2 102.8 10.6 5.3
o!oo 6.25 o!oo 19316 100)2 ! ) ) 9)8 6)5 0.00 6.85 0.00 204.5 105.0 9.4 7.9
0.00 12!50 0.00 202.5 107)1 9.7 7)6 0.00 6.25 0.00 198.9 93.4 9.1 8.0 2.10 10.40 0.00 238.8 127.7 9.9 6.4 0.00 4.55 0.00 195.8 101.6 9.4 9.6 0.00 4.55 0.00 186.2 84.3 9.3 5.1 0.00 11.05 0.00 210.2 107.3 9.7 10.1 0.00 6.25 2.10 182.0 87.2 9.8 8.6 6.25 10.40 2.10 214.0 114.9 9.3 10.6 0.00 0.00 0.00 179.3 79.5 10.7 5.4
6!45 10.65 o!oo 214!4 114)3 ) ) ) 10)2 5)4 0.00 10.40 0.00 180.8 85.6 9,2 3.9 0.00 14.60 2.10 199.6 102.3 9.7 7.4 0.00 14.65 0.00 187.3 90.7 9.3 7.3 0.04 9.41 0.11 196.2 102.0 9.6 8.1 0.00 2.10 2.10 206.0 109.4 10.1 13.1 0.00 8.30 0.00 203.7 93.5 10.0 6.1 2.10 8.35 0.00 229.1 124.7 10.1 9.1 0.00 4.20 0.00 213.0 104.2 10.1 9.7 0.00 8.35 0.00 192.9 93.8 8.9 6.2 0.00 4.15 0.00 202.6 105.8 9.6 5.1 0.00 6.25 4.50 193.0 92.0 9.3 6.9 0.00 2.50 0.00 189.1 84.4 9.4 6.4
o!oo 2^10 o!oo 202)4 100)7 ) ) ) 9)3 6.7
4!35 4!35 o!oo 188!4 92)4 ) ) 10)6 14)6 0.00 4.15 2.10 203.1 109.7 10.3 6.5 4.15 6.25 0.00 208.5 107.2 10.7 7.7 0.00 5.15 0.00 224.3 114.2 9.5 9.2 0.00 6.25 0.00 196.5 95.5 8.6 9.7 8.35 6.25 0.00 194.2 95.7 9.3 8.9 0.00 8.35 0.00 218.4 113.1 9.7 5.3 0.00 0.00 0.00 195.0 103.5 9.8 8.8
0.00 2!80 2!40 177!8 85)6 ) ) ) 8)7 9)9
o!oo 8!30 o!oo 222)5 123)0 ) ) ) 9)9 7)9 2.10 4.20 0.00 199.2 106.8 9.8 7.9
Table E2. continued.
Env. ENTRY HALE YD EO CO KD EL RN EP BP RL SL DE PH EH AN SE SO LW TB
g/plant cm cm cm cm no. no. % X % X cm cm days days days cm no.
30620 96 091904 61.6 3.75 2.50 1.25 12.50 14.25 0.85 15.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 195.5 84.7 10.0 5.8 30620 97 092306 75.7 4.15 2.55 1.60 14.10 14.90 0.95 5.0 0.00 6.30 2.15 192.6 94.6 9.6 7.2 30620 9S 091905 39.5 3.50 2.40 1.10 12.65 12.35 0.65 36.5 0.00 4.20 0.00 190.9 85.1 9,2 5.2 30620 99 094305 30.5 3.90 2.55 1.35 11.60 15.60 0.50 50.0 0.00 0.00 2.15 188.4 84.6 9.9 8.0 30620 100 090701 45.8 3.85 2.65 1.20 12.00 13.85 0.75 25.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 182.4 81.6 10.7 5.6
OJ m