Troubles with France and Britain

Chapter 11 Section 3

Intercourse or Impartial Dealings": an American cartoon of 1809 by "Peter Pencil" showing President Thomas Jefferson being robbed by England (King George) and Napoleon as a result of Jefferson's embargo policy.

A wounded American seaman (not Reuben James, in spite of the tattoo) saving American Commodore Stephen Decatur from a scimitar stroke during the Tripolitan War of 1804-1805.

Trading Around the WorldAfter the Revolution trade grew rapidly

around the world.

• Traders brought American fur to China that they sold for large profits. Americans took great risks in selling their goods overseas.

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Pirates often attacked the ships and stole the goods. To protect American ships, the United States paid a fee to the rulers of the (1) Barbary Coast States (or the North African States.)

A Temple from the Barbary States

Traders ran great risks

Barbary Pirates attacking American Ships

Tripoli declares War on U.S.• In 1801 Jefferson refused to pay an increased amount of (2)

tribute, Tripoli declared war on the United States.• Jefferson ordered a blockade of the port of (3) Tripoli. After

an American ship, the Philadelphia, was captured in Tripoli, (4) Stephen Decatur lead a daring raid on the port of Tripoli.

• Defeated in 1805 Tripoli signed a treaty promising not to interfere with American ships. The war made it clear American needed a (5) navy.

STEPHEN DECATUR (1779-1820). American naval commander. Desperate conflict of American seamen, under Commodore Decatur, on boarding a Tripolitan corsair.

Jefferson issued a policy of neutrality meaning that they would not get involved in British or French affairs during the (6) Napoleonic Wars. The Americans made a huge profit by selling goods to both the French and British.

In 1803, Britain and France went to war again.

NAPOLEON I (1769-1821). Emperor of the French. Napoleon with General Louis Alexandre Berthier (red and gold uniform) and Field Marshal Joachim Murat at the Battle of Jena, Prussia, 14 October 1806.

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British ships returned to their policy of impressment –

forcing people into service, by which they would seize (7) American sailors and force them to serve in the British navy claiming they were the

(8) king’s subjects.

British captains took over 10,000 American citizens to man ships.

American Neutrality Challenged

U.S. relations with Great Britain became increasingly rocky during this period. • On June 22, 1807, the H.M.S. Leopard bombarded and

forcibly boarded the (9) U.S.S. Chesapeake off Norfolk, Virginia in search of British navy deserters.

Impressment of American seamen into British navy following the defeat of USS Chesapeake by HMS Leopard off Hampton Roads on 22 June 1807.

Jefferson tries an Embargo• Many Americans from both parties wanted to go to war.• Madison persuades Jefferson to seek passage of

Embargo Act, a complete ban on trade with (10) Great Britain and France.

Some merchants turned to smuggling - importing and exporting goods in violation of trade laws.

The embargo hurt Britain and France• The Embargo Act was a failure and hurt (11)

Jefferson’s popularity. The Americans suffered the most. Exports dropped from $108 million to $22 million in 1808. American sailors had no work and farmers lost money because they could not ship their goods overseas.

• Jefferson admitted after a year that the Embargo Act had failed.

A merchant trying to smuggle goods out of the country during the Embargo Act. He is snapped by federal authorities in the form of a turtle. "Oh, this cursed ograbme!" "O grab me!" Is of course "Embargo" spelled backwards.

Jefferson followed the precedent set by Washington and refused to run for a third

term.• In the election of

1808, (12) James Madison became president of the United States.

JAMES MADISON (1751-1836). 4th President of the United States.

President James Madison on the front of a U.S five thousand dollar note, 1934.

End of the Embargo Act• In 1809, the (13) Non-Intercourse Act replaced

the Embargo Act, allowing Americans to trade with all nations except Britain and France.

James Madison severs the head of the terrapin representing Ograbme