Tsunami Warning System in Peru and Chile;

Challenge and Perspective

Masahiro Yamamoto, IOC/UNESCO

26 December 2004, Indian Ocean Tsunami

230,000 Dead International coordination meetings in 2005IOC/UNESCO: to lead TWS establishment

11 countries ~230,000 deaths1 million displaced

Global Network of TWS

Current status

• 3 tsunami warnings systems established in 2005 have made steady progress:– IOTWS: Three national systems launch the

services on 12 October 2011– NEAMTWS: Two National Tsunami Warning

Centers are set to enter into operation in 2012. – CARIBE-EWS: The phased development of a

Caribbean Tsunami Warning Center in Puerto Rico started

PTWS: Established 1n 1965. SE Pacific WG is developing Regional TWS for early Warning. (Limitation of the current system)

How to save your lives from Tsunami?

Requires end-to-end system1. Hazard assessment2. Warning system; guidance3. Preparedness, Awareness

Why people does not evacuate?• underestimate the warning• can not recognize the danger situation.People, therefore, cannot evacuate.→ Awareness and preparedness is essential

Earthquake Components - Tsunami warning system

Tsunami Warning - REQUIREMENTS

DetectSeismic Wave

DetermineMagnitude, Hypocenter

EvaluateTsunami

Tsunami

Detection Tsunami

Re-evaluate Tsunami

Network of seismographs

Real time data processing

Criteria for Tsunami grade

Communication facility to Disseminate Tsunami

Warning

Sea Level Networkto monitor tsunami

Real time data transmission

IssueTsunami Warning

IssueTsunami

Information

Toward the Regional seismic network from Independent National networks for mutual benefit

Earthquake P-wave Detection Time

If all stations in the regionare shared→

Estado actual red estaciones nivel del mar

Cada 5 minutos

2010 Chile Tsunami

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Coquimbo, ChileCaldera, ChileSan Felix, ChileAntofagasta, ChileIquique, ChileArica, ChileCallao La Punta, Peru

Tsunami Warning SystemPeru Chile

Seismic networkIGPSea level networkDHNNational Tsunami Warning CenterDHN: Evaluation INDECI: Dissemination

Seismic networkChile Univ.Sea level networkSHOANational Tsunami Warning CenterSHOA: EvaluationONEMI: Dissemination

The Joint Australian Tsunami Warning Centre(JATWC)

Geoscience AUSSeismic analysis

Bureau of MeteorologySea level & Tsunami Warning

Regional Tsunami Warning System

Protects all countries in the regionFully owned by the countriesInternational & multilateral cooperation

JICA`s contributionStaff trainingMonitoring and operating system

DIPECHO Project of UNESCO“Strengthening national and regional

systems of tsunami early warning and preparedness in Peru, Chile,

Ecuador and Colombia ”South America of the Disaster Preparedness Programme

(DIPECHO) of the Directorate General for Humanitarian Aid of the European Commission (DG–ECHO)

Principal activitiesThe project will implement and provide:

Regional workshops and SOP national workshop.More than 20 officials trained in numeric modeling.Regional campaign for children and youth on disaster risk reduction on tsunami.Training workshops for educative communities on tsunami preparedness in coordination with the ministries of educationDevelopment of an online platform to enable the exchange between the stakeholders of each country.Study documents on risk conditions in Chile, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru.1st Joint Exercise is planned in October 2012.

Educational materials based on national curricula

Colombia Chile Ecuador Peru

Community awareness materials

Closing Comments

TWS is a complex, multi-national, multi agency, multi-donor systemMany players, coordination is the IOC’s role but is a major challengeRegional – National – Local

(National level)Participation of all people and Work together; from public to governmentSave your life by your own decision

ISO-approved signage (2008)

Tsunami Tsunami TsunamiHazard Evacuation EvacuationZone Area Building

Operation and maintenance 24 hours a day 7 days a week

Challenge for sustainable and reliable tsunami warning system

Same Quality Tsunami Warning

at any time

A perfect warning will be uselessif people do not know what to do in case of an emergency

Awareness and preparedness at the country level is essential

Global Seismic Networks

IMPLEMENTING an EFFECTIVE EWS

2 KEY ENTITIES CRITICAL:

1. TSUNAMI WARNING CENTER (TWC) Issues warning, 24x7 monitoringLocal (educate), distant (monitor / warn)

2. DISASTER MGMT ORG (recognized auth, TER) Receives warning, Immediately evaluates/ translates, Disseminates public actionAlso, hazard / risk / preparedness

BOTH MUST WORK CLOSELY TOGETHER

3. EWS SUSTAINABILITY – ALL-HAZARDS NEEDED

4. COORDINATION / DATA SHARING ESSENTIAL

TAKING ACTION - WHAT TO DO

FOR MOST TIMELY WARNINGS - HOW?TO ACT FAST WITHOUT CONFUSION,- NEED TO KNOW WHAT TO DODevelop/implement TWC and TER SOP

- NEED TO PRACTICETest communications, end-to-endConduct Drills since tsunamis infrequent

FOR BEST, LONG-TERM PREPAREDNESS - HOW?BUILD TSUNAMI ADVOCACY GROUPS - Resilient self-motivated, communities - People-centered- No simple process, no simple answers

Our TWO major tasks: - Identify, warn, evacuate- Raise awareness and preparedness

The Early Warning System …

A perfect warning will be useless if people do not know what to do in case of an emergency

Awareness and preparedness at the country/community level is essential

SOP Working definition:

“ A description and procedure on agreed steps by institutions used

in coordinating who, what, when, where and how for tsunami early

warning and response”

From Indonesia Local SOP Workshops: Capacity Building for Development of Local SOPs for Tsunami Early Warning and Response. 2006-2007

BAKORNAS PBP

Thank you ISO Sign 2008

Tsunami Evacuation Building

Tsunami Evacuation Area

NO

Coastal Stations

Seismic Network

Deep Ocean Stations

GlobalTelecommunicationSystems

Sirens

E-mail

Cell Phones

more…

YES

LIVESSAVED

Hazard Detection Threat Evaluation Alert Dissemination Preparedness& Forecast Alert Formulation Public Safety Msg & Response

Regional National Local

THREAT?

Sea Level Network

Warning Centres

Traditional

NO

Coastal Stations

Seismic Network

Deep Ocean Stations

GlobalTelecommunicationSystems

Sirens

E-mail

Cell Phones

more…

YES

LIVESSAVED

Hazard Detection Threat Evaluation Alert Dissemination Preparedness& Forecast Alert Formulation Public Safety Msg & Response

Regional National Local

THREAT?THREAT?

Sea Level Network

Warning Centres

Traditional

Earthquake Tsunami

Tsunami Warning Center

International - Regional Framework

National Warning System Public Warning and Evacuation

National Government

Local Government

Mass Media

Warning Dissemination Overview(End to End System)

Cabinet Office Japan

Signboard

TSUNAMI WARNING

TSUNAMI WARNING

TSUNAMI WARNING

How to save the lives from Tsunami?

Requires end-to-end system1. Hazard assessment2. Warning / guidance3. Preparedness, Awareness

Why people does not evacuate?• underestimate the warning• can not recognize the danger situation.People, therefore, cannot evacuate.→ Awareness and preparedness is essential

Sumatra Tsunami - 26 Dec 2004

High VulnerabilityMore people live and work in coastal zonesCoastal populations educated about threat

No Warning System No Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning CentersNo End-to-End Dissemination MethodsUNESCO/IOC, Indian and Other Ocean countries developing Tsunami Warning System

End-to-End Tsunami Warning Systems

UpstreamDetection, verification, threat evaluation, tsunami forecast, warning dissemination

DownstreamDelivery of public safety message.Initiate national counter-measuresPrepare and implement standardised reaction

----- Same Quality at any time -----

CTBTO Data for Tsunami Warning

Primary Seismic (PS) station; 50 stationsAuxiliary seismic station (AS); 120 stationsHydroacoustic station

National Tsunami warning Center recognized by IOC/UNESCO is able to use real time data for tsunami warning

Why people does not evacuate?

People tend to underestimate the warning.People can not recognize the danger situation.

People, therefore, cannot evacuate.→ need communication; NOT one way→ need understandable instruction→ need localized warning

Objectives

Overall objective: To increase tsunami preparedness and improve "end-to-end" tsunami early warning systems at national and regional level.

Specific Objective: To develop strategies for the improvement of tsunami early warning systems at regional, national and sub-national level