CXaif!Mltnn~ C=rCe !,3 In ACCOrd~nc wifftiEx.eytive"O~t~d~r~ O isutd, Novembe 195 "' "

JKiI Seviccs Ttb. lzdo. AxctcY

So NAVAL.TECHNICAL- MISSION* IN* EUROPE//

T,AMERIrAN

TECHNICAL REPORT No. 405-4 .c I

~STERILIZERS AND ASSOCIATED DEVICES

X September 1945

DtC

°ELECTE,

AUG 3 19841

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File: A9-16(3) (40/iin) r -':.

Serial: 1371 0Ot rE", I~ 0 0c tu o b (.r 1 4 5 "

From: Chief, U.S. Naval Technical i.[ission in Euroe.To : Chief of Naval Ooerations (OP-1--PT).

Sub ject: U.S. Naval Technical 1iission i Europe TechnicalReport Io. 40c-45, Gornon Mine Clocks, Period DelayMechanisms, Sterilizers and Associated Devices

- Forvwrding of-.

Enolosurcs: (A) (M) On,, (1) coi-lotc copy of subjoect report aslisted i- dis Lribution.

(B) (I"!) One (1) sut of noga2ivos of photogTahs in"sub ject to'ort vri-h copy No. I as listed indistribution

11. nclosurs (A) and (B) arc forvardod hicrovth.

2. CNO (OP-6-T) is roquus Lod to mako complete, addit- - -

ional copies of this roport for forwarding to such other agnciesas may be interested. /

'7-% ,4*-i DISTRIBUTION To:

ONO (oP-16-PT) ..... v$Fncloourc B C..... Copy No. 1FIATJ *. . . . . ......... . . . . Copy No. 2Office of Rosoarch and ivntion ........... Copy No. 3Comnfav u .. .... . ..... .... Copy Not 4BuOrd (Ro) Cony::: ::::. :::::*:::::::::: .. .. Nooy No. 5BuOrd (Re 6) ....... ..................... Copy No. 6BuOrd (Rc 7a) . .......... .. ... ...... . Co y No. 7CNO (OP-30-3) , Copy No. 8NOL . ...... ..... . .Co )y No. 9Mino Disposal School *... .... o..,,::,: .... Copy PTo. 0.

.NavToc1is u (Main Filos) ........... . . Copy No. 11

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Accession ForINTIS GRA&I-DTIC TABUnanno'lrn'-d ~ '~

Dft Special

TECHNICAL REPORT No. 405-45

GERMAN MINE CLOJCKS, PERIOD DELAY M1EHANISMS,

STERILIZERS AND ASSOCIATED DEVICES

SUMMARY 'This report contains information on the

German mine arming clocks, period delay mi chan-1% isms, sterilizers, scuttling clocks and associated* ~ devices.

E U H C

September 1945 ~L O L

'.. AUG 3 1984

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SU. S. NAVAL TECHNICAL MSSION IN EUROPE 0 :

Approved for )ubiic reljaso;DistnI~utj(,n Un-linifted

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RESTRICTED

TABLET OF CONTEN4TS

Page

* 1. Introduction4

2. General.

3. Aming Clocks,

(a) USI 1 4(b) UES-II 5

*1 (d) Clock Starter Plate5

(e) UES I! and Ha with UiS5j(M UES II and Ila with Vorkontakt,

4.Sterilizers (Zeit Einrichtung) 6

(a) ZE6

(b) 6 Ii(c) ZE III

-(e) ZE III Lor 360 Days7(f) ZE IV S

NI(g) ZEINa,NI(h) ZE V

(i) ZE VI8

5. Period Delay Mfechanisms (Zahl Kontakt)

(a) ZKI 1 9(b) ZK 11 9(*~(c) ZK Ila 9

*(d) ZK lIb 9Ce) ZK Ile 90(.f) Id0(g) ZK H~e 10(h) ZK III 1

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TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTINUED) .

Pane

6 Miscellaneous Clockwork Mechanisms 10

(a) Pausenuhr (Arminri and Disarmning

(b) Entscharfer Werke (E17) (DisarmingClock) 11

()Verz'~gerungs Kontakt '(VK) (Delay(d) erzgerng erk. ~Contact): 11(d) Vrz~geung erke.VW,)(Delay Clock) 1

9W9

- -t -- - -- - -- - - -

'" "RESTRICTED

GERUAN MIENE CLOCKS, PERIOD DELAY MEtCHANISMS,

STERILIZERS AND 1SOCIATED DEVICES

-. 1. Introduction.

The information contained in this report was obtained through

.-., examination of captured German dccuments and interrogation of Germanprisoners and scientists having knowledge of the subject matter.Specimens are being prepared for shipment to the U. S. Naval OrdnanceInvestigation Laboratory. It is contemplated that the informationcontained in this report will amplify that gained from examinationof and experimentation with such specimens. German pamphlets on UES-iI(6 day clock); UES Ila (modified 6 day clock); Lichtsicherung (LiS)-(anti-recovery switch for 6 day clock); Pausenuhr (on-off arming- "%"N

disarming clock) and blueprints of the M3 mine unit with UES Ila and. ZE Iii (200 day clock) have been forwarded to OP-16-4T by NavTecMisEu

1. letter serial 930 of 10 September 1945. /

2. General.

The clocks and associated devices described ierein operate onone of the following principles; electrical, mechanical, electrolyticor electro-mechanical combination. These devices are used separatelyor in combination in ground-influence, moored-influence, moored con-tact or. drifting contact mines. The following mechanisms are described:

Arming clocks, disarming clocks, sterilizers, oh-off arming-dis-,< ' ) arming clocks, scuttling clocks and period delay mechanisms. ._

~..: ... :.

3. Arming Clocks. ..

( (a) UESI1.

The UES I (Fig. 1) (original model with soluble washer-revisedmodel without soluble washer) was the first hydrostatic arming clock -.C, .used in German sea mines, To operate properly this clock requiresconstant hydrostatic pressure in depths of 5 meters or more; after a

* continuous run of 20 to 30 minutes the mine is armed. This clock wasreplaced by the UES II.

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3. Arming-Clocks (Con t'd.).(b) . S II.

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ili' ~The UES UI (Figs.. 2 and 3) is a hydrostatically operated clock...,-.i;;' requiring an initial pressure equal to 5 meters for -starting., however, [

it will continue to run even if pressure is removed. This clock can ,1be set to arm the mine at any time from hour. to 6 hours in 15 minute -"-.,

"' ' i intervals, or fromp day to 6 days at 6 hour intervals. The purpose .".'-+'i-.' of this clock is to "delay the switching-in of the detonator into the :"-'"

' ".. mine circuit to. prevent premature firing until the mine unit has pro- '.,..-i ~perly oriented itself. ' 2[

(R) UTES Ca.

The UES IIa (Figs. 2 and 3) is the same in all respects as the" -Urequi except it requires constantres etsure for continuous runningtaring.howver

(d) Clock Starter Plate.rs

in The clock starter plate for the UES II and UES Ia can accommo-

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date th lock(ist oey switching/of the Vorkontakt (inter-

meie c c t.prvnprmtrfiigutltemnuithspo

i" ! ! ie) UES II and UES IIa with UiS.

'The LiS is an anti-recovery switch used with the US II andUES Ia (Figs. 3, 4 5 and 6).i The pre-set time of the UES must run.l -'

off for the iSB to operate. After normal operation of the clock if,':.+ the mine is removed to a depth of less than 5 meters the mine wiLl ',

~~explode, OPERATION - Before pressure has been applied to the clock "'+., (Fig. 3), cntac t requiresi ons t ct sr foreld continuous runnin

['+' by retaining screw 6.When the mine reaches a depth of 5 metersThydrostatic pressure forces 6 which is attached to hydrostatic piston-e4 twrd allowing spring loaded lever 0 to assum the position illus-

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, turated in Fig, 4., Under normal operating conditions contacts 11 and,,:v !14 remain open. A reduction of water pressur~e of between 0.2 and 2l~i£'2i]'ii[ zi mterslladf causes 6 to UE n Ifon nfrce USten.spring lawtlever 1otk0l downward closing contacts".+-'" !i ""' "

(e) liES I1 and .UES Ila with VoroS. kt1O ' , ,.'.:

The Vorkontakt (Figs.. and ) is an intermediate switch which

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3. Arming Clocks (f)(Cont'd.') 0

is closed 15 to 20 minutes after the UES has started. Its purpose isto switch in the anti-recovery switch (LiS) and any other scuttlingcharges incorporated in the mine. OPERATION - The Vorkontakt ineither the UES II or UES Ha is a double pole switch consisting of.two sets'of leaf springs-held apart by a grooved roller, 43, Fig. 7.One set. of leaf springs, 45, fits. into the groove on the roller which

, r4is geared to the clockwork mechanism. Rotation of the roller in aclodkW'e direction causes leaf springs 44 and 45 to make contact andswitch dn .the LiS.

.~4. Sterilizers (Zeit Einrichtung).

" 2 All Zeit Einrichtungen with the exception of the ZE IVb are used -

exclusivelyas sterilizers. Although the ZE IVb is a sterilizer itwas ubed as an anchor release clock- for the SMC mine anchor-and inthis case was designated NU II.

.,, (a) ZE. .

The ZE and ZE I were developed simultaneously but the ZE wasabandoned in favor of the ZE I. Details on the ZE were unayailableand no specimens were found.

(b) ZEI.

The ZE I (Figs. 9, 10, ll and 12) is a spring driven 80 daymechanical sterilizing clock used "in the EMO, EMD, EMF, SMA, TMAand TMB mines. OPERATION - Closure of UES contacts allows current 61

*,>h1 to flow through solder plug T of the ZE I (Fig. 9). When T meltsit releases clock starting lever L, (Fig. 9a). 40 to 50 minutes afterthe ZE6I starts switches C, D, E and F are closed, Fig. ll. C and Dput the clock' safety feature into the circuit; E and F switch the

It detonator into the circuit and make the mine ready for normal firing.* At the end of the pre-set period contacts C, E and F open and A and 0

B close, Fig. 12. A and B put the battery across the flooder detona-tor and the resulting explosion scuttles the mine.

a-.' . (c) ZE II.

: j] , The ZE II (Figs. 13, 14., and.15) is a spring dxviven mechanicalsterilizing clock that can be set from 1 to 6 days at' 6 hour intervals.

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4. Sterilizers (c)(Cont'd,)

On the ZE II the UES is connected across terminals 1 and 3, the batteryis connected across I and 2 and the mine unit is connected across 4and 5 (Fig. 15). When the UES has concluded its run a potential isapplied across 1 and 3 blowing fuse F and freeing the escapement tostart the ZE II. At the completion of the ZE II run, leaf springsA and B slide into groove C (Fig. 14), contacts 1 and 2 close short-ing out the battery and contacts 4 and 5 open, opening the firingcircuit. S Gples of the ZE II have been shipped to the U, S. NavalOrdnance Investigation Laboratory.

(d) ZE III.

The Z.E III (Figs. 16, 17, 18, 19 and 20)'has the same fuhctionas the ZE-I but is designed primarily for the LMB mine which cannotaccommodate the ZE I. It is a 200 day clock driven by two smallsprings wound by a small 9 volt motor. The dlock consists of three

main parts: the winding system, the clockwork and switches and the*safety mechanism. This clock can be set from 5 to 200 days by turn-

! -' ing the setting dial clockwise past zero to the desired position.Termination of the UES run connects a 9-12 Volt battery across termi-nals 7 an1 8 starting the clock motor. After a run of 10 to 15 secondscontacts 1-2, 3-4 close and tho motor continues to run for 40 to 50seconds until both springs are wound, The safety spring winder whichis driven by a notched disc automatically cuts off the motor currentfor 30 ,minutes when initial win ding is completed. After a delay of30 minutes the motor starts again rewinding the springs. This processcontinues until the ZE III reaches its pre-set period at which timecontacts. 1-2, 3-4, and 7-8 are opened and contacts 1-3 and 5-6 close. 0(Diagram 20) ., , -

If a mechanical failure occurs after the clock starts the inde- J

Dendent safety system operates. 60 to 70 minutes after the failureall contacts are made in the same manner as though the clock had con.,.pleted its run.

(e) ZE III for 360 Days.,, .. q..h -..

This clock (Fig, 20a) is similar to the ZE III except it was d-.signed for 360 days. It was under development at the close of the war,

- and the only specimen available is a laboratory model. 1

,*' 4. • .. '-

*'

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4. .Sterilizers (Cont. d. .

- .*- (f) ZE IV.

,The .E IV (Figs,. 2i and 22) is .a 45 day mechanical, spring.,drivensterili.z.ing clock .designed for use in the OMA mine. The clock is setby rQt.ating the dial counterclockwise to the desired period opp6sitethe red arrow. At the end of the clockts run lug A, Fig, 22, .ris,spring-retained rocker arm B, which rotates lever cam C releasing'spring loaded striker D, This clock was not used operationally..be-cause the time period was considered too short.

' i(. .... (g) .ZE. Ia. ' ',-,:

The ZE IVa (Figs. 23, 24, 25 and 26) is ai 60 day. teriliz..'- -doveloped to replace the ZE IV and it operates on the same princi,When the ZE IVa is used inthe OMA mine the detonator is conniiectbdacross .terminals 45, Fig. 25. The clock is started by cam 39,..Fig. ..- *

25. At the end of its run striker D, Fig. 26 is released in the -%%... same manner as in the ZE IV disengaging the knife switch A (Fig. 26)

and opening the detonator circuit, thereby disarming the mi. ""ne.

(h) ZE V.

The ZE V was an electrolytic sterilizer abandoned and supersedby the ZE VI.

(i) z VI. .- "

Tho ZE VI (Figs. 27 and 28) is an electrolytic 200 dayjc'aiUm ocell sterilizer. The cell donsists of a silver plated fine copper7.wire. The silver plating is covered with a thin layer of gold except . .for one minute spot. Enough copper to initiate galvanic d6tibh butto delay action on the silver plate is deposited on this spot. Whenthe ZE is switched on electrolytic action takes place. The smallparticle of copper on the fold plate is attacked first, next the 0silver plating is expended and finally when the copper wire is' con-sumed on the 200th day a spring loaded switch is released shorting.mt the battery and s ,erilizing ';he mine.

''-"- "-S:

5. Period Delay Me~hanisms (Zahl Kontakt).

All German poriod delay mechanisms are spring driven clockwork

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" 5. Period Delay Mechanisms (Cont'd.)

-' L' systems whose e scapements are released by electromagnets. However, ..L - " thn, mine firing unit must first be activated before the escapement"

el- ctromagnet 6f the p'eriod delay mechanism can be energized. The "-"SO Bureau of Ordnance is informed concerning the operation of periodf'-": delay mechanisms described below except, the 2K III and minor changes "- -• .-. in some of the 2K ll's.

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, . . C~a) zK I. .<.-5. The I is a mechanical 6 place period delay mechanism whose

electromagnet operates at 8 to 12 volts and 0 2 amps. The time forShe completion of one step-up cycle after actuation is approximate

dly0 seconds. The ZK I was developed for the M I mine unit and was re-Placed by the improved Z II"- "(a) ZK I.

The ZK II (Fig. 29) is a mechancal 12 place period delay mechanism whose

whose electromagnet operates at 8 to 12 volts and 0.2 amps. The time --interval for the completion of one step-up cycle after actuation is two .. "

Ssminutes. The ZK II was used fth the M ) A 1) A 4 and Ma 2/3 mine-units. In the iA 2/3 itKwas designed to operate after the Magnetic

i' ' ~actuation. ,"" .

(c) ZKIl. I-,

The ZK Ila is the same as the ZK II except the time interval is .:increased froL two minutes to four minutes. _,,

'(d) ZKIb.The ZK IIb is the same as the ZK Il except the electromagnetchanism

operates off the microphone battery at 3 to 4 volts and 0.5 amps. 'timThis clockwork was used with the MT A and AT 2 mine units.

:o'-.' ~(e) ZK llc. ....:.

uniThe ZK I c is the 3ZK II but is designed to operateon a very short electrical impulse. This modification enables theZ lc to be used wihthe e As 2 units and to operate after the •Magnetic and Atcoustic systems have been activated.

'(,.) 2K l'."9S

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5. Period Delay Mechanisms (Cont'd.) -

(f) , .. .

j This device wasunder deval~pment at the close of the war, andI ~ ~no'information is available. -

(g) t e.- ..,

(The Z lie (Fig, 30) is a specially modified period ,elaymechanism " ..

used with the M t 1 St. mine unit. It is operated by the Magnetic systemof the MAi. St. A magnetic actuation starts the .ZK' and after 15 secondscam A opens the nQrmally closed switch A for approximately.2.minutes.if a prper acoustic actuation does not occur in the 15 second interval -•thb mine will not -tire because switch A re-opens, de-energizing the "''"

-] acoustic component. After 84 such actuations cam B closes switch Bpermanently putting the acoustic .system in the circuit.

:.)- ~(h) ZK IIf,,%--

deceThe ZK IIf is the same as the ZK II except the time interval isi ~ ~~decreased from 2 minutes to 5 seconds.,. .""''

6. Miscellaneous Clockwork Mechanisms.

(a) Pausenuhr (Arming and Disarming Clock).

The.Pausenuhr (Figs, 32, 33, 34 and 35) is an 18 d.y electricallydriven ON-OFF clock developed to arm and disarm a mine once every 24hours, Settings are made in multiples of 3 hours for a 24 ho'r cycle;examplet 3 hours ON 21 hours OFF, 6 hours ON 18 hours OFF, etc. ..

The Pausennhr was designed for use with the UES in the EM, L,.R, SM, .T, and NT mine series.OPERATION - When the UES has concluded its run a potential is appliedacross terminals 1 and 2 (Fig, 36) allowing current to flow throughsolder plug 14 (1g, 32) which melts releasing start ing lever 15.After the clock has run -for 2 hours star switch 7 is moved by a pinon the bottom of the setting dial bearing 19. The step-up of the starswitch arms the mine for the pre-set period. At the end of the pre-set -" . -

period switch screw 18.turns star switch 7 (Fig. 34) opening switch Aand disarming the mine.for the~remainder of the 24 hours, This processis repeated for 18 days. at which time the grooved switch roller 10,

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{ RESTRICTED "_-..-

6. Miscellaneous Clockwork Mechanisms (Cont'd.)

', (Fig. 33) driven by clockwork 5 and 6 accepts spring 11 to close switch

B thereby permanently arming the mine, SETTING - The switching screw .. '.'. ,'.18 is removed and the setting dial is turned 360 degrees counteralook--wise to the zero position. One of seven pOssible delays is selectedand screw .18 is replaced. -

(b) Entscharfer Werke (EW)(Disarming Clock).:-

The EW is a 12 hour test clock used in the EMF, LMF AND SMA mines,Specimens of this clock were recovered by the U, S. Navy in 1943 andconsequently details of construction and operation are already known, -

(c) Verzoierungs Kontakt (VK)(DelayContact). ..

The VK (Figs. 37 and 37a) is a spring driven clockwork that runs' : s -%.for 38 seconds. It is used with the M 1 mine unit and is designed toprevent the mine from firing unless the magnetic influence persistsat the end of its pre-set time. " 'OPERATION - The setting dial is set to the desired number of seconds.-heh the M I mine unit is activated it causes the clock solenoid tooperate thus starting the clock. One second before the end of the

*',/ pre-set time cam C, (Fig. 37) opens switch A which opens the hold-on Scircuit for about one second. When the hold-on circuit is opened theneedle wil come off the firing contacts, however if magnetic influenceis present at the end of the pre-set time C will close the firing cir-cuit and fire the mine. If the mine does not fire after approximately80 actuations of the VK'$ switch D closes cam E thus arming the minepermanently allowing it to fire normally. rB

(d) Verz~gerung Werke (VW)(Delay Clock).

>, used The VW (Figs. 38 and 39) is a spring wound 6 day scuttling clockused in the EMS mine, It can be set from 6 hours to 6 days by inter-Vials of 6 hours.OPERATION - A soluble washer in 'switch C (Fig. 39) dissolves allowingpotential to be applied across terminals 1 and 3 which blows fuse ..-.a .nd starts the clock. After the clock runs for approxiately 10

M,nutes arming switch A closes and the mine is armed. At the end ofth', pre-set time scuttling switch B closes placing the detonator acrosshrio battery to destroy the mine.

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Prepared BY:

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Lieut., USNR.

R. J. FRaNZ£ Lieut., USNR.

C, J. OLENIACZ,Lieut,, USNR.

1. G. VOGEL,Lieut., USNR.

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Wiring Diagram Showing the V.W. in the ENS Arn CircuA,