TuberculosisA Self Study Powerpoint

Tuberculosis (TB)

0Historically known as consumption, wasting disease and the white plague, TB is one of the world’s deadliest diseases. In fact, it is believed that TB has been around since the time of the early Egyptians.

0According to the CDC, approximately 2 billion people (worldwide) are infected with TB

How is TB spread?

0By direct contact with saliva/sputum from an infected person

0By direct contact with blood from an infected person0By droplet nuclei from a patient with an active TB

infection0By droplet nuclei from a patient with latent TB

infection

0TB is spread when you inhale droplet nuclei that contains Mycobacterium tuberculosis

0The bacteria can live in the air for several hours0A person with latent TB cannot spread the disease

because the body’s immune system has encapsulated the bacteria in a graduloma

Sam is visiting with a neighbor who has been treated for latent TB. Sam is concerned about being exposed to TB and asks his health care provider if he should receive treatment.

The nurse should tell Sam:

0Yes, you will need to receive treatment since TB is highly contagious

0Since the contact was with a person who has latent TB, the risk of contracting the disease is minimal and no treatment is required

0The risk of contracting TB from a person with the latent form of the disease is low, but you should receive a mantoux skin test followed by a chest x-ray just to be safe.

0Patients with the latent form of TB are not contagious.

0What is the difference between latent and active TB? (write your answer then continue to the next slide for the answer)

Latent Vs Active TBLatent Active

0Do not feel sick0No symptoms0Not contagious0May develop active

TB- risk is greatest within the first two years of exposure

0 Contagious0 Feel sick/symptomatic

0 Cough > 3 weeks0 Chest pain0 Blood in sputum0 Fever0 Chills0 Night sweats0 Weight loss0 Decreased appetite0 Fatigue0 Malaise

Which group of people are at greatest risk for progression from latent to active TB

infection?0Children under the age of 50 Individuals who are HIV positive or have AIDS0 Individuals receiving immunosuppressive therapy0 IV drug and alcohol abusers0People with co-morbidities such as diabetes,

lymphoma, and cancer

0All of the listed categories carry a high risk for development of active TB infections. Individuals who are HIV positive or have AIDS have the greatest risk for development of active TB infections.

0Julian has recently travelled to Eastern Europe and Southeast Asia on mission trips where he helped set up medical clinics. Does this increase his risk of contracting the disease?

0Yes. The incidence of TB is higher in Eastern Europe and travel to this area increases the risk Other risk factors include:0 Being in close contact with someone who has active TB0 Being from a country where TB is active (Asia, Africa,

Eastern Europe, Latin America, Russia);Entrance to US in past 5 years

0 Living in close quarters (prisons, homeless shelters)0 Healthcare workers caring for TB patients0 Medically underserved, low income, homeless0 Children exposed to adults with TB

You are reading the TB skin tests during annual TB testing at your facility. Which of the following tests are considered

positive?

0Sophia who has ½ inch of redness around the injection site and 2 mm induration

0Morris who has slight redness at the injection site with 5 mm induration who recently reported that his partner has active TB

0 Julie who has no redness to the injection site and has 15 mm induration

0Morris and Julie have positive skin tests

0 Induration ≥ 5 mm positive for people with:0 HIV0 Contact with someone with active TB0 Previous CRX suggestive of active TB

0 Induration ≥ 10 mm positive for people with:0 Recent immigration (5 yrs) from high risk country0 IV drug user0 Residents/employees of conjugate settings0 Mycobacteriology lab personnel0 Risk factors for progression of TB

0 Induration ≥15 mm0 everyone