TUBERCULOSIS INTUBERCULOSIS INSOUTH CAROLINASOUTH CAROLINA

Shea Rabley, RN, MN, DirectorTB Control Division

South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control

General Information about Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis, an airborne communicable disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis, is primarily found in the lungs (pulmonary) but the bacteria can attack and cause disease in any part of the body (extrapulmonary).

Transmission occurs by the expectoration of droplets into the air from a person with active pulmonary disease and the subsequent inhalation of the aeroslized droplets by another person. This can occur while talking, singing, sneezing or coughing.

Once a person is exposed and becomes infected, the TB bacilli can remain dominant in the body (latent TB infection or LTBI) or it can progress to active TB disease.

LTBI progresses to active TB disease in ~10% of these persons within the first 2 years. The rest remain at risk for life.

For persons with a weakened immune system from HIV, other medical conditions or drugs that affect the immune system, the risk of progression is increased greatly and this risk remains higher year after year than it does for others.

TREATMENT

TB infection requires the use of 1-2 drugs for 6 – 9 months for treatment completion.

TB disease requires treatment with 4 or more drugs for the initial 2 months and then 2 drugs for 4 – 7 more months for a total of 6 – 9 months.

Drug resistant TB (MDR-TB or XDR-TB) requires

treatment with sensitive drugs for 12 – 24 months.

Reported TB Cases United States, 1982–2010*

*Updated as of July 21, 2011

TB Case Rates*United States, 2010

*Cases per 100,000.

< 3.6 (2010 national average)

>3.6

D.C.

>50%25%–49%<25%

2000 2010

DC

*Updated as of July 21, 2011

Percentage of TB Cases Among Foreign-born Persons, United

States*

DC

Reported TB CasesReported TB CasesSouth Carolina, 2001 - 2010South Carolina, 2001 - 2010

263 256 254 234 261222 218

188 164 153

050

100150200250300350400450500

Cases

Case trend over 10 years

Abbeville

Aiken

Allendale

Anderson

BambergBarnwell

Beaufort

Berkeley

Calhoun

Charleston

Cherokee

ChesterChesterfield

Clarendon

Colleton

Darlington

Dillon

Dorchester

Edgefield

Fairfield

Florence

Georgetown

Greenville

Greenwood

Hampton

Horry

Jasper

Kershaw

Lancaster

Laurens

Lee

LexingtonMcCormick

Marion

Marlboro

Newberry

Oconee

Orangeburg

Pickens

RichlandSaluda

Spartanburg

Sumter

Union

Williamsburg

YorkRegion 2

Region 1

Region 3

Region 5

Region 4

Region 8

Region 7

Region 6

South Carolina Tuberculosis Case Rates* 2010

3.1- 4.0

4.1 – 6.0

6.1 – 10.0

>10.1

0

0.1- 3.0

3.8 - 2009 National Case Rate

3.4 - 2010 SC Case Rate*Cases per 100,000 population

TB CASES BY COUNTRY OF ORIGIN TB CASES BY COUNTRY OF ORIGIN South Carolina 2010South Carolina 2010

TB CASES ETHNICITY TB CASES ETHNICITY South Carolina 2010South Carolina 2010

TB CASES BY RACE TB CASES BY RACE South Carolina 2010South Carolina 2010

TB CASES BY AGE GROUPTB CASES BY AGE GROUPSouth Carolina 2010South Carolina 2010

N = 153 Cases

TB CASES BY SEX TB CASES BY SEX South Carolina 2010South Carolina 2010

HIGHEST TB INCIDENCE COUNTIESHIGHEST TB INCIDENCE COUNTIESSouth Carolina 2010South Carolina 2010

TB CASES WITH DRUG RESISTANCETB CASES WITH DRUG RESISTANCESouth Carolina2006-2010South Carolina2006-2010

For TB Control Activities:

Absence of proof is not proof of absence…..

When you near the elimination of your disease, your

funding will be eliminated.

Questions? Call 803-898-0558.Questions? Call 803-898-0558.

The TB Control Program takes the charge ofthe Division seriously – protecting the

public of South Carolina from the infectious, communicable pulmonary

disease, tuberculosis.