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CASE 1 : SINGLE FAMILY HOUSE
Building Component
Technical Course
VIA/ TCU workshop A2015
VIA
/ T
CU
3rd
sem
este
r w
orks
hop
A2
01
5
1
Aim of the Course:
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2Building component Technical course
– Discovery of Building component in Denmark & China
– Understanding of basic builidng component for single family hourse
– Improve Technical english in building sector
– Serving the technical skill attached to construction technology
Content:
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– Foundation– Flooring
• Solid ground floor/Ground support floor• Suspended ground floor/story partitions• Upper suspended floor/story partitions
– Walls: • Basement wall• External wall: heavy / light • Load bearing Internal wall • Non-loading bearing Internal wall
– Windows– Doors– Roof– Building service
Building component Technical course
Foundation:
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DEFINITION:• Base of the building• Connection between the house and soil
FUNCTION:
• Provide a solid, secure and stable platform thatwill support and transfer the loads from the structure evenly through the sub-soil.
Building component Technical course
Foundation:
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Titel på præsentationen
TYPE:• Direct foundation• Indirect foundation
MATERIAL:• Made from concrete(a mixture of cement,sand
and aggregate)• Can be reinforced with steel bar or mesh
Foundation:
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Building component Technical course
Direct foundation:• Rest directly on the subsoil
single family house
Stepped foundation is stipfoundation for use on slopingstie.
Foundation:
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Titel på præsentationen
Direct Foundation:
• Poor soil and natural ground• Lightly loaded
Concrete Slab
Fig 1 : Raft foundation
Fig 2 : Cross section raft foundation
Foundation:
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Building component Technical course
Indirect foundation:• Foundations are carried out by piles
Foundation :
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Building component Technical course
Material:
Trench-fill foundation Light weight blocks
Foundation blocksCast-in-situfoundationin system formwork
Flooring:
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Building component Technical course
DEFINITION:• Floor construction resting directly on the ground• A floor form the division between two levels
TYPE:• Solid ground floors• Suspended ground floors• Upper suspended floors
Flooring-Solid groundfloor/groundsupportedfloor:
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FUNCTION:• Shall be insulated against ingress of moisture and loss of
heat• Shall be sealed in order to prevent the ingress of air
containing radon
MATERIAL:• Capillary breaking layer• Light weight clinker floor blocks or polystyrene
inslulation slab• Heating insulating layers• Concrete slab• Floor finishes
Building component Technical course
Flooring-Solid groundfloor/groundsupported floor:
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a.Radon penetration is avoided bysuspending bitumen felt across the edge insulation groove and bonding it to the concrete slab. b. load-carrying wall stand on top of the internal foundationc. a non load-carrying internal wall and the latter is directly on the capillary breaking layer,
a.Clinker concrete blocks with an insulation layer in the middle is broken the cold bring through the upper part of foundationb. load-carrying wall stand on top of the internal foundation.c. a non load-carrying internal wall and the latter is directly on the capillary breaking layer,
Building component Technical course
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Flooring-Suspendedgroundfloor/storeypatition
Construction:• Floor (suspended floor/non
suspended floor)• Concrete deck element(hollow
deck /concrete slab)• Hardcore insulation with needsNeed adequate ventilation and prevent the damp conditions.
Building component Technical course
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Solid: In large buildings, concrete deck elements very oftenprovide the main flooring structure. (similiar with suspendedground floor )
Timber: • The end of joists must be supported by load bearing walls.• Normally to be built into the walls• Alternatively use metal fixing
Flooring-Upper suspendedfloor/storeypartition
Building component Technical course
Wall:
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DEFINITION/FUNCTION:• To divide up space and where necessary carry loads• Vertical envelope against wind and rain
MATERIAL:• Brick• Concrete• Wood• Steel
TYPE:• Basement wall• External wall• Internal wall
Building component Technical course
Wall-Basement externalwall:
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CONSTRUCTION:• Concrete (cast in situ)• Solid light weight concrete blocks• Sandwich element
Building component Technical course
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Heavy external wall:
• Load bearing
• Masonry : Concrete wall/ Brick wall
Wall- Externalwall
Building component Technical course
Wall- Externalwall
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Brick wall:• Single row of brick or blocks in the walls(called course).• Cavity wall with two parts: inner(internal) and• Outer(external wall)
Inner leaf
Wall tiel
Mortar joint
Outer leaf
Insulation
D.P.CDamp Proof Course
Old type from 1950
Mod
enty
pe fr
om20
11
Building component Technical course
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Brick cavity wall :– Tradition in Northern Europe– Protect from dampnessOther type:
Heavy External wall:
Brickwork combing with concrete
Brickwork combing withconcrete element
Brickwork combing with light weight concrete block
Building component Technical course
Light External wall:
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Loading bearing frame : • Steel profiles/ wooden studs• Light cladding/ brickwork outer leafVentilated cavity, a wind proof layer, insulation and a moister barrier
Building component Technical course
Load Bearing Internal wall:
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Titel på præsentationen
DEFINITION:• A wall carrying a vertical load from roof/ storey partitions
MATERIAL:• Bricks• Blocks• Prefabricated elements of lightweight concrete
Non-load Bearing Internal wall:
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Titel på præsentationen
DEFINATION:• Do not carry the load• No bracing
MATERIAL:• Stud walls (wood or steel)• Clad in boards(plasterboard, plywood etc.)
Window:
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DEFINITON:• Allow light into the house• Divide the facade
TYPE:
Building component Technical course
Top-hung Tit-and-turn hung Side-hung
Window:
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ROOFLIGHT WINDOW:
Domed roofligt Skylight
Rooflight Skylight
Building component Technical course
Window:
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MATERIAL:• Timber• Metal• Plastic• Timber and metal
Building component Technical course
Cavity
Base
Drain
Window frame
Rubber tape
Double glazing
Window:
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Joints with external wall :
Building component Technical course
Head
Sill
Head
Sill
Door: Types
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Swingingdoors
Sliding doors
Folding doors
Roll up doors
Up and over doors
Tipping doors
Springs to assist
Steel strips
grooves
CylinderWinding drum
Building component Technical course
Door:
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DoorstepSill
Threshold
Jamb
Head
Rebate
Door frame structural elements
Building component Technical course
Door: Appearances
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Panel doors Flush doors
Glass
Plywood panel
Building component Technical course
Door: Components
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Lock
Door stop
Handle
Bolt Escutcheon
Latch
Fastener
Building component Technical course
Roof:
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DEFINITION:• Upper face of the building envelop
FUNCTION:• Protect the building from wind and rain
CONSTRUCTION:• Laid on battens, sheets or boards• Supported by loading bearing structure: rafter
Building component Technical course
Roof:
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Pitched roof/Gable roof:
Ridge
Eave
GableAttic / Loft
A 45° slope
Roof claddingRoof covering
Building component Technical course
Roof:
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Traditional Roof Timber frame:
Purlin
Rafter
Ridge
King post
Truss
Building component Technical course
Roof:
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Roof covering:• pan tiles or roman tile• Fibre-cement roofing sheets• Roofing felt• Fibre-cement roofing slates• Natural roofing slates• Steel or aluminium sheeting
Building component Technical course
Building service:
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DEFINITION:• Enable or determine the use of a building during
or after it construction.
INCLUDING:• Waste&Drains• Water supply• Space heating• Gas supply• Ventilation• Electrical supply• Telecommunications
Building component Technical course
Waste & Drain
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Waste: Inside a buildingDrain: From outside a building to the main ”sewer”Sewer: Under the road and carring the waste to ourfall
Building component Technical course
Water supply:
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Water: Supply from a water treatment plant
Building component Technical course
Space Heating
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Energy required can be generated by:• Gas or electricity• Solid fuel (coal)• Wood• Solar energy
Most common form is central heating, hot waterpassed through pipes and radiators with the heating being transferred to the space.
Building component Technical course
Gas supply
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Supplied from:• From gas main• Liquid petroleum gas from bottlesProvide for:• Hot water• Space heating• Cooking
Building component Technical course
Ventilation:
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TYPE:• Natrual ventilation • Mechnical ventilation
Building component Technical course
Electrical supply
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Electrical system conduct current to the sockets or outlets.
Building component Technical course