Tues 1/22 and Wed. 1/23• New INBs today—50 pts.

– Get them out—when I call your name, hold up your new INB for points.

– Each class they are late will be -10 points.

• Several layers of the Earth are exposed. The oldest rock layer is most likely to bea. at the bottom layer.b. the thickest layer.c. the layer with the most fossils.d. igneous intrusive rock.

Science Interactive Notebook Setup

1

Number EVERY page in your notebook, front and back. Start with page 1 on the front of the first page and number up to page 140. The number should go in the upper corner farthest away from the spiral.

Start with page 1 on the front of the first page and number up to page 140. The number should go in the upper corner farthest away from the spiral.

Number the front and back of each page.

1

Interactive Notebook (INB) Set-Up

• Even numbers should be on the left side of the spiral and odd numbers should be on the right.

spiralEven # Odd #

Science Interactive Notebook Setup

Glue Handout Titled: Geoscience Interactive

Notebook on the front page.Fill in name and period and

decorate the box at the bottom.

1

2 THRU: Anything in red must be written down and answers must be highlighted.

IN: Write out anything in red. Answers must be highlighted

OUT: Write out anything in red.Answers must be highlighted

3

We can find the age of rocks and fossils in a couple of different ways. The first way is relative age. The relative age of an object is its age in relationship to the age of other objects(older, younger). Absolute age is the numeric age of an object(years, days). It is often stated in years(or millions of years) before present.

In: pg. 2

1. What is “relative age”?2. What is “absolute age”?Look at the picture of the grandfather and the girl. Think about their absolute and relative ages.3. Relative age

– Man– Girl

4. Absolute age– Man– Girl

Thru 1: pg. 3 Determining Relative Age Tree Map• Read section 8.1 in the textbook and

construct a tree map classifying the different principles we use to find the relative age of rocks.

Determining Relative Age

Principle of Uniformitarianism

Law of Superposition

Principle of Original Horizontality

Law of Crosscutting Relationships

Unconformities

• Book definition

• Definition in your own words

• Picture

Out• According to the

Principle of _______, layer A is older than layer B.

• According to the Law of _____ _______, D is younger than B.

• According to the Law of ____ ____, these layers are in their original, horizontal position. A E

Thurs. 1/24 and Fri. 1/25• Anyone have notebooks for 40pts?• Pass out new restroom passes and

tape them on the inside back cover of your INB.

Which relative aging principle does this diagram best illustrate?a. Principle of

Superposition.b. Law of Crosscutting

Relationships.c. Principle of

Uniformitarianismd. Principle of Original

Horizontality

In: Pg. 4 1. Which layer is the

oldest?2. Which layer is the

youngest?3. Layer B is ______

compared to layer C and D.

4. Layer C is _____ compared to layer A.

D

C

B

A

UnconformitiesMovements in the Earth’s crust can lift up rock layer that were buried and expose them to erosion. If layers of new sedimentary rock are laid down on this eroded surfaces, an unconformity forms. Unconformities are boundaries between old rock and new rock and they indicate an interruption in the rock record. The old rock may be igneous, metamorphic or sedimentary. The new rock is always sedimentary. According to the Law of Superposition, all rocks beneath the unconformity are older than the rocks above it.

Thu 1: Pg. 5

Types of unconformities

Nonco

nformity

Angular unconformityDisc

onfor

mity

Definition

PictureConstruct the spider diagram. At the end of each leg, there are 2 lines(toes). At the end of one line/toe write the definition for the concept and at the end of the second line/toe, draw a picture illustrating the concept.

Unconformities are boundaries between old rock and new rock and they indicate an interruption in the rock record.

HACHURES INDICATE METAMORPHISM

Nonconformity

• When igneous or metamorphic rock is exposed and eroded and new sedimentary rock is laid over top.

Angular nonconformity• When rock layers are tilted or

folded, then eroded and new sedimentary rock is laid on top of the eroded surface.

Disconformity• When sedimentary rock is eroded

and new sedimentary rock is laid over top.

Example-Finding Relative Ages of Rock Layers

• C-oldest layer because it is on the bottom (Superposition)

• B-next oldest• A-next oldest• D-younger than AB and

C because it cuts across them(Crosscutting Relationships)

• E-youngest because it cuts across ABC and D(Crosscutting Relationships)

Thru 2Pg. 6Blank

Pg. 7Determining Relative Age worksheet

Complete the worksheet and tape it in as a flap on this page.

Out

• List these layers from oldest to youngest.

Mon 1/28 and Tues. 1/29• Quiz #1 today—get out your INB and

paper.• Any new notebooks for 30 pts?• If you need help setting up your

notebook, come in after school on Thursday 1/31.

Quiz #11. What is the relative age of the girl on pg. 2 in the

IN?2. Which law/principle states that the layers of rock on

the bottom are the oldest? Pg 33. Which law/principle states that the geologic

processes that occurred in the past can be explained by current processes? Pg 3

4. ______ are boundaries between old and new rock that indicate an interruption in the geologic record. Pg 5

5. What is the answer to #2? Pg 76. What is the answer to #4? Pg 7

Which is the youngest rock shown in the diagram below?

a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

Isotopes (SPECIAL ATOMS)

• Atoms that belong to the same element but have different atomic masses are isotopes of one another.

• Isotopes of the same element have the same # of protons and electrons but a different # of neutrons.

• All elements have isotopes• Isotopes are the reason why atomic masses are

decimals and not whole #’s.• Some isotopes are radioisotopes, which means

they are unstable and their nucleus breaks apart.– Release energy.– Turns the isotope into an atom of a different element.

6P7N

Carbon - 13

Carbon - 14

6P8N

Isotopes of Carbon

• Carbon-14 and Carbon-13 are unstable isotopes of carbon.

• They decay into Carbon-12 over time.

If carbon had no isotopes:

12+12+12+12=48/4

Average mass=12.00…

Since carbon does have isotopes, not all of the atoms in a pure sample of the element have the same mass:

12+12+13+14=51/4=12.8

Now, carbon’s actual average atomic mass is 12.0107(carbon-12 is the most common isotope in elemental carbon)

In: Pg. 8

ISOTOPES

Do 5 facts about isotopes

Periodic Table

Thru 1: Pg 9 Isotope Activity

Do the Isotope models as a group and answer the Isotope questions individually.

The Isotope questions go on this page.

The models will be handed in. Put all group member names on the sheet!

Thru 2Pg. 108.2 Guided ReadingAnswer questions here

Pg. 118.2 Absolute Age Guided ReadingTape in questions here• Use section8.2 to

answer the questions.

• We will finish it after the lab next class.

Out• Radioisotopes are useful to humans in several different ways.

– Carbon-14 can be used to find the age of once living substances.

– Radioactive tracers like Tantalum-182 can be used to track an objects location because they decay and give off radiation. If it is added to a fluid, radioactivity will be detected where ever the fluid flows.

– The radiation from isotopes like Cobalt-60 can be injected into patients to kill unwanted, diseased cells.

Which radioisotope would you use for the following purposes:

1. Inject into a cancer patient to destroy a tumor.

2. Finding the age of charcoal found at an ancient human settlement.

3. Following the flow of blood in a stroke victims brain.

Wed. 1/30 and Thurs. 1/31• If you need help setting up your

notebook, come in after school on Thurs. 1/31

• A student is reading about uranium isotopes and doesn’t understand how they can be the same element. Your best answer isa. isotopes are not the same but are in the same

family as the main element.b. uranium is unique and does not follow the

definition of an isotope.c. isotopes all have the same number of protons

which makesthem the same element.

d. the electrons do not change in isotopes even when formingpositive or negative ions.

In: pg 12 Atom A has 7 protons, 7 neutrons and 7 electrons.Atom B has 8 protons, 7 neutrons and 6 electrons.Atom C has 8 protons, 7 neutrons and 7 electronsAtom D has 7 protons, 8 neutrons and 7 electrons.

• Which 2 atoms from the list above are isotopes of the same element?

• How do you know this?

Isotopes and Carbon

• You probably have heard news stories about fascinating ancient artifacts. At an archaeological dig, a piece of wooden tool is unearthed and the archaeologist finds it to be 5,000 years old! A child mummy is found high in the Andes and the archaeologist says the child lived more than 2,000 years ago.

How do scientists know how old an object or human remains are?

What methods do they use and how do these methods work?

http://www.exn.ca/mummies/story.asp?id=1999041452

Radiocarbon datingRadiocarbon (Carbon-14) dating is a way of determining the age of certain biological artifacts up to about 50,000 years old. It is used in dating things such as bone, cloth, wood and plant fibers that were created in the relatively recent past by human activities.

Thru 1: pg 13

Radioactive Decay Activity—Make sure you do the data table, graph and questions!!!!!

When you are done, finish the guided reading questions from

last class!

Thru 2Pg. 14blank

Pg. 15Carbon Aging of Masterpieces• Homework!• Finish after you

get the questions on pg. 11 from last class done!

OutOtzi The Iceman-The oldest frozen mummy found.

• Otzi’s dead body was found frozen in the snow in the Swiss Alps. Later examination showed he had numerous injuries, INCLUDING AN ARROWHEAD buried in his shoulder. Scientists were able to use radiocarbon dating of a wooden ax handle to place his death at 5,300 years ago.

Why did scientists have to use the wooden ax handle and not the arrow head to do radiocarbon dating on Otzi?

Fri. 2/1 and Mon. 2/4• Quiz #2

Quiz #2

The diagram shows the decay of a 50-gram sample of a radioactive isotope. According to the graph, what is the half-life of this isotope?A.100 years B.150 years C.200 years D.300 years

In: pg. 16Complete the sentence:

A fossil is….

Thru 1: Pg.17 8.3 The Fossil Record CLOZE• Complete the CLOZE passage while

you read pages 197-200.

Thru 2Pg. 18Article: Who Killed the Iceman?1.Where was the Iceman found?2. What was he named?3. How was he

fossilized?4. Why do they think

Otzi was murdered?

Pg. 195. What is Reinhard’s

theory on how Otzi died?

6. What clues did he have?

7. What is Vigl’s theory on how Otzi died?

8. What clues did he have?

Thru 2Pg. 18 Pg. 19

Movie: Iceman• 20 facts.

Out• Why are most fossils found formed

from the bones or shells of animals?

Tues. 2/1 andWed. 2/4Thurs. 2/5 and Fri. 2/6

• Finish Iceman movie first!• Today’s activity will be completed

over 2 days.– Start Clock of Eras today– Finish Clock of ErasNext class.

• Which statement is most accurate regarding the current fossil record? The fossil record isa. complete and contains fossils of all the types

of plants and animals that ever lived.b. complete and contains fossils of all plants and

some animals that ever lived.c. Incomplete and contains fossils of a few of

the plants and animals that ever lived.d. incomplete and contains most of the plants

and animals that ever lived.

In: pg. 20Please answer the following questions.True or False1. Dinosaurs and humans existed at the same

time.2. The Earth formed approximately 4.6 billion

years ago.3. Humans have been around for most of

geologic time.4. Nearly 90% of the plants and animals that

ever lived are now extinct.

Thru 1: pg. 21Tape in geologic timeline.

Thru 2Pg. 22Clock of Eras Questions• After finishing your

clock, complete the Clock of Eras Questions and tape on this page.

Pg. 23Clock of ErasTape on an extension sheet here--------------Put your 1) clock 2)title 3) key on this page.

Out• What are paleantologists?• How do they allow us to “view the

past”?