tuesday september 26th - wild apricot · 1980 –chiller design engineers challenged with making a...
TRANSCRIPT
JS Rancourt
DXS New England [Daikin]
Tuesday September 26th 2017
Main Program:
Overview and Discussion of VRF Technology
Greg Hosselbarth
Mitsubishi Electric
AGENDA
Introduction - Global
VRF 101
Energy Efficiency & Operational costs
Capital costs
VRF in New England
Local Market Trends
How to layout a competitive system
Refrigerant Safety Code
Your presenter : Jean-Samuel (JS) Rancourt
Principal of DXS New England, an HTS company
Specializes exclusively in Daikin VRV technology
1982
1987
2001
1973 – Global oil crises
1979 – New energy efficiency laws passes in Japan
1980 – Chiller design engineers challenged with making a higher efficiency chiller
1982 - 1984 – The worlds first VRF Systems are launched in Japan
1984 - 1987 – VRF introduced to European and Middle Eastern markets
Early 2000’s – VRF is introduced to North America
MAJOR WORLDWIDE VRF INSTALLS
VRF : 3-6,000 Tons
82,000 sq.ft. 100,000 sq.ft. 1,105,000 sq.ft.
420,000 sq.ft. 1,306,000 sq.ft.
700,000 sq.ft.
Low utility rates
Existing AC market / solutions
ASHRAE 15
Fear of distributed refrigerant
Fear of air source heat pump heating
VRF’s delay to North America
Most major North America HVAC brands are now partnered with an Asian based VRF manufacturer
[outright acquisitions, IP acquisitions, joint ventures or private labelling]
Some major VRF manufacturers sell into North America under their own brand
VRF is continuing to be the fastest growing segment of the North American HVAC market
What changed since early 2000’s?
Utility rates
Still relatively low, but in general, focus on energy efficiency is increasing
Large incentives now helping offset the current utility rates
ASHRAE 15
The RCL limit was doubled since then (26 lbs / 1000 vs 13 lbs / 1000)
The requirements can be handled if designed properly
Fear of air-source heat pump heating
There is now good precedence of VRF handling all heating requirements
effectively and efficiently (in even colder climates)
Fear of distributed refrigerant
Better understanding of R-410a, ASHRAE 15, and of the risks
Precedence
VRF is no longer ‘the new technology’ in North America
Large, very large buildings being fully served by VRF, all over the USA & Canada
VRF Applications
K-12
Office
Medical Office Building
Hospital / Healthcare (critical cooling or admin areas)
Residence
Assisted living
Condo amenity / retail / podiums
Condo suites (low / mid / high rise)
University
Hotel
Retail
WWTPs
AGENDA
Introduction - Global
VRF 101
Energy Efficiency & Operational costs
Capital costs
VRF in New England
Local Market Trends
How to layout a competitive system
Refrigerant Safety Code
VRF technology delivers all heating and cooling needs
to your building via outdoor machines directly connected
to indoor fan coils using small refrigerant pipes.
VRF 101
Choose from a long list of indoor unit options
Exposed, concealed, horizontal, vertical etc.
Each indoor unit has an Electronic Expansion Valve which
Throttles refrigerant flow based on actual load.
VRF 101
Indoor units
Small copper pipes (1/4” to 1-3/8”).
Moves heat around with 10 times less fluid than water
And with 180 times less fluid than air.
Reduce ductwork substantially; size them only for fresh air.
Small flexible copper pipes vs larger water piping
VRF 101
Refrigerant Piping
VRF 101
Outdoor machines
Inverter (variable speed) scroll compressors.
Central controller monitors and reacts to all indoor unit
expansion valves, and throttles inverter compressor.
Hence, Variable Refrigerant Flow
Heat Pump vs Heat Recovery VRF
Heat Pump
System is either in heating OR cooling
Ie. Indoor units cannot provide cooling if system is in heating
*Fast & Automatic system switch over*
Indoor units still have independent set point control
Heat
Heat
Heat
Heat Pump vs Heat Recovery VRF
Heat Recovery
Indoor units can heat or cool independently
CoolHeat
Fan Only
Transfer of heat
Heat Pump vs Heat Recovery VRF
2-Pipe Traditional 3-pipe Multi Port 3-Pipe
Another VRF option – Water-Cooled VRF
A water-source heat pump
system with centralized
high efficiency VRF
compressors.
Ideal for Hi-Rise
residential, hotel and
office construction.
Ideal for extreme cold
climate.
Compatible with Geothermal
One centralized
condenser water riser.
Centralized VRF
compressors on each floor
Small refrigerant pipes from
compressors to VRF fan coils
Return AirSupply Air
8” deep
horizontal fan coil
AGENDA
Introduction - Global
VRF 101
Energy Efficiency & Operational costs
Capital costs
VRF in New England
Local Market Trends
How to layout a competitive system
Refrigerant Safety Code
Let’s talk about Energy Efficiency – VRF vs Conventional systems
Energy Efficiency Operational Costs
Cooling
Heating
More efficient than most
Need a good optimized
central plant to beat VRF
Lower than most
Need a good optimized
central plant to beat VRF
MUCH more efficient than
any other alternative
(by 3X, 4X, 5X etc.)
***Not necessarily lower
than other systems***
VRF uses a different and
more expensive fuel:
Electricity
More efficient than all Usually lower or equal
VRF Energy Efficiency – AHRI 1230
EER (95F) IEER COP (47°F) COP (17°F) SCHE
System full load cooling
operation
System seasonal cooling
efficiency
Full Load Heating
Performance at 47°F
Full Load Heating
Performance at 17°F
Simul-taneous
Cooling and Heating
Efficiency (approx 50-
50%)
In 2010, IEER (Integrated Energy Efficiency Ratio) replaced IPLV
(Integrated Part Load Performance) as the means to measure part load
performance of commercial HVAC systems over 65,000 Btu/h
https://www.ahridirectory.org/ahridirectory/pages/vrfhp/defaultSearch.aspx
VRF Energy Efficiency – AHRI 1230
ASHRAE 90.1 2013
Typical VRF HP
Energy efficiency of electric heat pumps come from the high COPs
COP at -13°F: ~2
Blended average COP in our climate is ~3
*** We need an iCOP! ***
Heating Coefficient of Performance at 47°F, 17°F, and -13°F
Electric Heat Pump heating in our Climate
AGENDA
Introduction - Global
VRF 101
Energy Efficiency & Operational costs
Capital costs
VRF in New England
Local Market Trends
How to layout a competitive system
Refrigerant Safety Code
Let’s talk about capital costs – VRF vs Conventional systems
Equipment Cost Installation costs
Early 2000’s
2017
High compared to global
VRF equipment prices
All imported, low
competition
Very high
Contracting community
unfamiliar with VRF and
pricing
VRF equipment prices
have dropped and
reached global levels
Continuously dropping and
slowly getting in line with
overseas VRF install costs
Need a contractor with
VRF install experience
VRF is now much more price competitive than it used to be
Capital
Cost
Per
Unit
$
Size of building 100 Tons
(~50k sq.ft.)1,000 Tons
(~500k sq.ft)
4-Pipe Fan Coil
2-Pipe Fan CoilWater-Source Heat Pumps
Water-Cooled VRF
Air-Cooled HR VRF
Air-Cooled HP VRF
Massachusetts – Largest VRF incentives in the country
Motivation: Clean Heating, green house gas reduction
Funding: $30M from 2015-2020
VRF program launch: April 2017
Rebate amounts: $800-$1,200 / Ton
(up to $1,400 for public/non-profit and $2,000 for affordable housing)
MassCEC VRF Rebate Program [Paid to building owner]
Motivation: From utilities, kW reductions
Funding: Not specified
VRF program launch: September 2017
Rebate amounts: $250 / Ton
Mass Save VRF Rebate Program [upstream]
AGENDA
Introduction - Global
VRF 101
Energy Efficiency & Operational costs
Capital costs
VRF in New England
Local Market Trends
How to layout a competitive system
Refrigerant Safety Code
Variable Refrigerant Flow
Greg HosselbarthRegional Manager - Commercial Sales
Mitsubishi Electric Cooling & Heating
508-688-9836
Agenda
• VRF in New England
• Local Market Trends
• Lay out a competitive system
• Refrigerant Safety Code
The local progression of VRF
Spot Heating and Cooling
Energy conscious
owners
Historic Renovations
General New Construction and Retrofits
Electrification
Spot Heating and Cooling
Energy conscious
owners
Historic Renovations
General New Construction and Retrofits
Electrification
The local progression of VRF
• VRF as sole source heat
• Inverter driven compressor efficiency
• LEED
• Net Zero
Spot Heating and Cooling
Energy conscious
owners
Historic Renovations
General New Construction and Retrofits
Electrification
The local progression of VRF
• Refrigerant piping vs. ductwork
Spot Heating and Cooling
Energy conscious
owners
Historic Renovations
General New Construction and Retrofits
Electrification
The local progression of VRF
• Cost competitive with traditional systems
• Easy to zone/control
• Base Building/TI
Local Market Trends
• Greenhouse gas reduction
• Net-Zero
• Passive House
• Living Building Challenge
Spot Heating and Cooling
Energy conscious
owners
Historic Renovations
General New Construction and Retrofits
Electrification
Laying out VRF for competitive bidding
Laying out VRF for competitive bidding
Selection Software
Schedule Corrected Capacity
Schedule job specific accessories
Execution Specs
ASHRAE 15/34
What is ASHRAE 15?
What is ASHRAE 34?
Refrigerant Concentration Limit“the refrigerant concentration limit, in air,
determined in accordance with this standard
and intended to reduce the risks of acute
toxicity asphyxiation and flammability hazards
in normally occupied, enclosed spaces”
RCL can be expressed inppm v/v
g/m3
lb/Mcf (or lb/1000 ft3)
RCL
International Mechanical CodeIMC-2006 sets R-410A RCL as 10 lbs/MCFIMC-2009 revisions raises RCL to 25 lbs/MCF
ISO-5149ISO-5149 sets R-410A RCL as 18.7 lbs/MCF
ASHRAE 15ASHRAE 15 does not reference R-410AASHRAE 15 references ASHRAE 34ASHRAE 34 sets R-410A RCL as 26 lbs/MCF
Determination of RCL
Refrigerant Management Example
ElectricalRoom
Janitor
Closet
Lobby/
Waiting Room
ConferenceRoom
Office #1
Office #2
Cubicle Area
Open WorkRoom
Bathroom
Bathroom
Refrigerant Management Example
ElectricalRoom
Janitor
Closet
Lobby/
Waiting Room
ConferenceRoom
Office #1
Office #2
Cubicle Area
Open WorkRoom
Bathroom
Bathroom
12ton
RCL Calculation
Option 1 - Separate small rooms
ElectricalRoom
Janitor
Closet
Lobby/
Waiting Room
ConferenceRoom
Office #1
Office #2
Cubicle Area
Open WorkRoom
Bathroom
Bathroom
12ton
Option 2: Split Refrigerant Circuit
ElectricalRoom
Janitor
Closet
Lobby/
Waiting Room
ConferenceRoom
Office #1
Office #2
Cubicle Area
Open WorkRoom
Bathroom
Bathroom
6ton
6ton
Option 3: Increase Volume with
Connected spaces
ElectricalRoom
Janitor
Closet
Lobby/
Waiting Room
ConferenceRoom
Office #1
Office #2
Cubicle Area
Open WorkRoom
Bathroom
Bathroom
12ton
HVAC ductwork
Option 3: Increase Volume with
Connected spaces
ElectricalRoom
Janitor
Closet
Lobby/
Waiting Room
ConferenceRoom
Office #1
Office #2
Cubicle Area
Open WorkRoom
Bathroom
Bathroom
12ton
HVAC ductwork
Permanent opening
•ISO: A total opening area more than 0.15% of the floor area at a low
position with another room/space, the two rooms/space are
considered as one
•ASHRAE: Permanent Openings or HVAC ducts
Connected Spaces
Less piping = Less Charge
100ft of main piping could add 10-20lbs of refrigerant
Alternative Option – Use less piping
Questions??