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Tumulus

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For the folk metal band, seeTumulus (band).

For the Central European Bronze Age culture, seeTumulus culture.

TheRoyal moundsofGamla UppsalainSwedenfrom the 5th and the 6th centuries. Originally,

the site had 2000 to 3000 tumuli, but owing to quarrying and agriculture only 250 remain.

La Cambe German war cemetery

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One of theHallstatt culture-era tumuli in theSulm valley necropolis

A tumulus (plural tumuli) is amoundofearthandstonesraised over agraveor graves. Tumuli

are also known as barrows, burial mounds, Hgelgrab orkurgans, and can be foundthroughout much of theworld. A tumulus composed largely or entirely of stones is usuallyreferred to as acairn.

The method of inhumation may involve adolmen, acist, amortuary enclosure, amortuary houseor achamber tomb. Examples of barrows includeDuggleby HoweandMaeshowe.

The word is Latin for 'mound' or 'small hill', from thePIEroot *teuh2- with extended zero grade

*tum-, 'to bulge, swell' also found in tumor, thumb, thigh and thousand.[1]

"Tumulus" can also refer to a formation caused by the uplift oflavaon apahoehoeflow field.

The lava pushes up against the recently solidified surface creating tumuli along the surface.

Contents

[hide]

1 Tumulus burial accounts 2 Types of barrows 3 Excavation 4 Sites

o 4.1 Eastern Europe, Central Asia 4.1.1 Bosnia and Herzegovina 4.1.2 Bulgaria

o 4.2 Croatia 4.2.1 Hungary 4.2.2 Serbia

o 4.3 Western and Central Europe 4.3.1 Austria

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hallstatt_culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hallstatt_culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hallstatt_culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burgstallkogel_(Sulm_valley)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burgstallkogel_(Sulm_valley)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burgstallkogel_(Sulm_valley)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_(geology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_(geology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_(geology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grave_(burial)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grave_(burial)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grave_(burial)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurganhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurganhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurganhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cairnhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cairnhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cairnhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolmenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolmenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolmenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mortuary_enclosurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mortuary_enclosurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mortuary_enclosurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mortuary_househttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mortuary_househttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mortuary_househttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamber_tombhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamber_tombhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamber_tombhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duggleby_Howehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duggleby_Howehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duggleby_Howehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maeshowehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maeshowehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maeshowehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumuli#cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumuli#cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumuli#cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lavahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lavahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lavahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahoehoehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahoehoehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahoehoehttp://toggletoc%28%29/http://toggletoc%28%29/http://toggletoc%28%29/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumuli#Tumulus_burial_accountshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumuli#Tumulus_burial_accountshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumuli#Types_of_barrowshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumuli#Types_of_barrowshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumuli#Excavationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumuli#Excavationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumuli#Siteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumuli#Siteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumuli#Eastern_Europe.2C_Central_Asiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumuli#Eastern_Europe.2C_Central_Asiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumuli#Bosnia_and_Herzegovinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumuli#Bosnia_and_Herzegovinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumuli#Bulgariahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumuli#Bulgariahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumuli#Croatiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumuli#Croatiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumuli#Hungaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumuli#Hungaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumuli#Serbiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumuli#Serbiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumuli#Western_and_Central_Europehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumuli#Western_and_Central_Europehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumuli#Austriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumuli#Austriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sulm_valley_tumulus.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sulm_valley_tumulus.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sulm_valley_tumulus.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sulm_valley_tumulus.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumuli#Austriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumuli#Western_and_Central_Europehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumuli#Serbiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumuli#Hungaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumuli#Croatiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumuli#Bulgariahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumuli#Bosnia_and_Herzegovinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumuli#Eastern_Europe.2C_Central_Asiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumuli#Siteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumuli#Excavationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumuli#Types_of_barrowshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumuli#Tumulus_burial_accountshttp://toggletoc%28%29/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahoehoehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lavahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumuli#cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maeshowehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duggleby_Howehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamber_tombhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mortuary_househttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mortuary_enclosurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolmenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cairnhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurganhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grave_(burial)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_(geology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burgstallkogel_(Sulm_valley)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hallstatt_culture

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4.3.2 Belgium 4.3.3 Britain 4.3.4 Czech Republic 4.3.5 Germany 4.3.6 Ireland 4.3.7 Italy 4.3.8 Portugal

o 4.4 Scandinavia 4.4.1 Sweden 4.4.2 Norway 4.4.3 Denmark

o 4.5 egean and Near East 4.5.1 India 4.5.2 Macedonia 4.5.3 Anatolia 4.5.4 Levant

o 4.6 East Asia 4.6.1 China 4.6.2 Japan 4.6.3 Korea

o 4.7 North America 4.7.1 Canada 4.7.2 United States

5 See also 6 References 7 External links

[edit] Tumulus burial accounts

The funeral ofPatroclusis described in book 23 of theIliad. Patroclus is burned on a pyre, and

his bones are collected into a golden urn in two layers of fat. The barrow is built on the locationof the pyre.Achillesthen sponsors funeral games, consisting of achariot race, boxing, wrestling,

running, a duel between two champions to the first blood, discus throwing, archery and spear

throwing.

Beowulfis taken to Hronesness, where he burned on a funeral pyre. During cremation, the Geats

lament the death of their lord, a widow's lament being mentioned in particular, singing dirges as

theycircumambulatethe barrow. Afterwards, a mound is built on top of a hill, overlooking thesea, and filled with treasure. A band of twelve of the best warriors ride around the barrow,

singing dirges in praise of their lord.

Parallels have also been drawn to the account ofAttila's burial inJordanes'Getica.[2]Jordanes

tells that as Attila's body was lying in state, the best horsemen of theHunscircled it, as in circus

games.

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en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumuli#Portugalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumuli#Italyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumuli#Irelandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumuli#Germanyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumuli#Czech_Republichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumuli#Britainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumuli#Belgium

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An Old IrishLife ofColumcillereports that every funeral procession "halted at a mound called

Eala, whereupon the corpse was laid, and the mourners marched thrice solemnly round the spot."

[edit] Types of barrows

Archaeologistsoften classify tumuli according to their location, form, and date of construction.See alsomoundandhowe. Some British types are listed below:

Bank barrow Bell barrow Bowl barrow D-shaped barrow, round barrow with a purposely flat edge at one side often defined by

stone slabs

Fancy barrow, generic term for anyBronze Agebarrows more elaborate than a simplehemispherical shape.

Long barrow Oval barrow,Neolithiclong barrow consisting of an elliptical, rather than rectangular or

trapezoidal mound.

Platform barrow, The least common of the recognised types of round barrow, consistingof a flat, wide circular mound, which may be surrounded by a ditch. They occur widelyacross southern England with a marked concentration in East and WestSussex.

Pond barrow, a barrow consisting of a shallow circular depression, surrounded by a bankrunning around the rim of the depression.Bronze age

Ring barrow, a bank which encircles a number of burials. Round barrow, a circular feature created by theBronze Agepeoples of Britain and also

the laterRomans,Vikings, andSaxons. Divided into subclasses such as saucer and bell

barrow. TheSix Hillsare a rare Roman example.

Saucer barrow, circular Bronze Age barrow featuring a low, wide mound surrounded by aditch which may be accompanied by an external bank.

Square barrow, burial site, usually ofIron Agedate, consisting of a small, square, ditchedenclosure surrounding a central burial, which may also have been covered by a mound

[edit] Excavation

Thomas Bateman William Copeland Borlase SirRichard Colt Hoare William Cunnington Rev.Bryan Faussett CanonWilliam Greenwell Llewellyn Jewitt Rev.W. C. Lukis John Robert Mortimer Augustus Pitt Rivers John Thurman

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Charles Warne

[edit] Sites

It has been suggested that this article besplitinto a new article entitledList of

tumuli, accessible from adisambiguation page.(Discuss)

[edit] Eastern Europe, Central Asia

Main article:Kurgan

The wordkurganis ofTurkicorigin borrowed fromRussian language. In Ukraine and Russia,

there are royal kurgans ofVarangianchieftains, such as theBlack Gravein UkrainianChernihiv

(excavated in the 19th century),Oleg's Grave in RussianStaraya Ladoga, and vast, intricateRurik's Hill near RussianRurikovo gorodische. Other important kurgans are found in Ukraine

and South Russia and are associated with much more ancientsteppepeoples, notably theScythians(e.g.,Chortomlyk,Pazyryk) andProto-Indo-Europeans(e.g.,Ipatovo) The steppecultures found in Ukraine and South Russia naturally continue intoCentral Asia, in particular

Kazakhstan.

[edit] Bosnia and Herzegovina

More than 50 burial mounds were found in Kupres. Man from Kupres- the skeleton found in oneof the tumuli is believed to be more than 3000 years old and it is kept in Gorica museum in

Livno. Whole of Glasinac is littered with tumuli. During the Bronze and Iron Age it was a place

of strongGlasinac culturewhich had buried their dead inside of tumulus.

[edit] Bulgaria

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Memorial of theBattle of Varnaof 1444 carved into an ancientThracianburial mound. The sign

in front is forWadysaw III of Poland

Hundreds ofThracianburial mounds are found throughout Bulgaria, including theKazanlakand

Sveshtaritombs,UNESCOWorld Heritagesites. Located near the ancient Thracian capital cities

ofSeuthopolis(of theOdrysian kingdom) and Daosdava or Helis (of theGetae), perhaps theyrepresented royal burials. Other tombs contained offerings such as thePanagyurishteand

Rogozentreasures.

[edit] Croatia

There are thousands of tumuli throughout all Croatia, built of stone (Croatian:gomila,gromila)in the carst areas (by theAdriatic Sea) or made of earth (Croatian: humak) in the inland plains

and hills. The most of these prehistoric structures were built in the 2nd and 1st millennium BC,

from the middleBronze Ageto the end of theIron Age, by theIllyriansor their direct ancestors

in the same place; theLiburnianinhumation of dead under tumuli was certainly inheritted from

the earlier times, as early as theCopper Age. Smaller tumuli were used as the burial mounds,while bigger (some up to 7 meters high with 60 meters long base) were thecenotaphs(empty

tombs) and ritual places.[1]

[edit] Hungary

There are many tumuli in theGreat Hungarian Plain, the highest is near of the settlement of

Bksszentandrs, inBks county.(see the picture of "Gdny-halom")

[edit] Serbia

Bukovac, Illyrian tumuli and necropolis Gromile, Serbian kenotaphions (tumulus) inRavna Gora.[3]

[edit] Western and Central Europe

[edit] Austria

Gromugl Niederhollabrunn(inNiedersterreich) Niederfellabrunn Unterzgersdorf Obermalebern Oberhofen am Irrsee Burgstallkogel (Sulm valley)

[edit] Belgium

Two Tumuli ofAmbresin(Lige) Tumulus of Avernas inHannut(Lige) : height = 8 m ; circumference = 100 m

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a.org/wiki/Nieder%C3%B6sterreichhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Niederfellabrunn&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Niederfellabrunn&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Unterz%C3%B6gersdorf&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Unterz%C3%B6gersdorf&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Obermalebern&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Obermalebern&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oberhofen_am_Irrseehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oberhofen_am_Irrseehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burgstallkogel_(Sulm_valley)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burgstallkogel_(Sulm_valley)http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tumulus&action=edit&section=13http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tumulus&action=edit&section=13http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tumulus&action=edit&section=13http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ambresin&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ambresin&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ambresin&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%C3%A8ge_(province)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%C3%A8ge_(province)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%C3%A8ge_(province)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hannuthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hannuthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hannuthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%C3%A8ge_(province)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%C3%A8ge_(province)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%C3%A8ge_(province)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%C3%A8ge_(province)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hannuthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%C3%A8ge_(province)http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ambresin&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tumulus&action=edit&section=13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burgstallkogel_(Sulm_valley)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oberhofen_am_Irrseehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Obermalebern&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Unterz%C3%B6gersdorf&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Niederfellabrunn&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nieder%C3%B6sterreichhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niederhollabrunnhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gro%C3%9Fmuglhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tumulus&action=edit&section=12http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tumulus&action=edit&section=11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumuli#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ravna_Gorahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gromile&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukovachttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tumulus&action=edit&section=10http://www.bekesszentandras.hu/turizmus_seta.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9k%C3%A9s_countyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9k%C3%A9sszentandr%C3%A1shttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Hungarian_Plainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tumulus&action=edit&section=9http://www.udruga-kameleon.hr/tekst/1134/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cenotaphhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_Agehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liburnianshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illyrianshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_Agehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze_Agehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adriatic_Seahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatian_Languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tumulus&action=edit&section=8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rogozen_treasurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panagyuriste_treasurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Getaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odrysian_kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seuthopolishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Heritagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCOhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thracian_Tomb_of_Sveshtarihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thracian_Tomb_of_Kazanlakhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thracianshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_III_of_Polandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thracianshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Varna

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Tumulus of the "champ de la Tombe" inBraives(Lige), 1st century CE Roman tomb. Tumulus ofCourt-Saint-Etienne(Walloon Brabant), around 3,000 BCE. Tumulus of Glimes inIncourt(Walloon Brabant),Gallo-Romanperiod : height = 11 m ;

diameter = 50 m

Tumulus of Hottomont inRamillies(Walloon Brabant), tomb of Roman general Otto :height = 11.5 m ; diameter = 50 m

Tumulus ofOleye(Lige) Tumulus ofPepin of LandeninLanden(Flemish Brabant) Tumuli of theSonian Forest(Flemish Brabant), first millennium BCE. Three Tumuli of Grimde inTienen(Flemish Brabant), 1st century BCE Gallo-Roman

tombs.

Tumulus of Trou de Billemont inAntoing(Hainaut), 6th and 7th-centuryMerovingiantombs.

Tumulus ofWalhain(Walloon Brabant) Two Tumuli ofWaremme(Lige) Tumuli of Wris (Luxembourg), 3rd and 4th millennium BCE.

[edit] Britain

InBritain, barrows of a wide range of types were in widespread use for burying the dead from

the lateNeolithicuntil the end of theBronze Age, 2900-800BC.Square barrowswere

occasionally used in the Iron Age (800BC-43AD) in the east ofEngland. The traditional roundbarrow experienced a brief resurgence following theAnglo-Saxonconquests, with the

introduction of northernGermanicburial practices from continental Europe. These later barrows

were often built near older Bronze Age barrows. They included a few instances ofship burial.

Barrow burial fell out of use during the 7th century as a result of the spread ofChristianity. Earlyscholarly investigation of tumuli and theorising as to their origins was undertaken from the 17th

century byantiquaries, notablyJohn Aubrey, andWilliam Stukeley. During the 19th century in

Englandthe excavation of tumuli was a popularpastimeamongst the educated and wealthyupper classes, who became known as "barrow-diggers". This leisure activity played a key role in

laying the foundations for the scientific study of the past in Britain but also resulted in untold

damage to the sites. Notable British barrows include:-

West Kennet Long Barrow- Neolithic long barrow inWiltshire Wayland's Smithy- Neolithic long barrow and chamber tomb inOxfordshire(historically

Berkshire)

Belas Knap- Neolithic long barrow inGloucestershire Maeshowe- Neolithic chambered cairn and passage grave on [[Mainland,Orkney Duggleby Howe- Neolithic round barrow in theEast Riding of Yorkshire Sutton Hoo- 7th-centuryEast Anglianship burial with exceptionally rich grave goods in

Suffolk

[edit] Czech Republic

During the earlyMiddle Ages,Slavictribesmen inhabiting what is now the Czech Republic usedto bury their dead under barrows. This practice has been widespread in southern and eastern

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.org/wiki/John_Aubreyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Aubreyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Stukeleyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Stukeleyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Stukeleyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Englandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Englandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pastimehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pastimehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pastimehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Kennet_Long_Barrowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Kennet_Long_Barrowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiltshirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiltshirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiltshirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayland%27s_Smithyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayland%27s_Smithyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxfordshirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxfordshirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxfordshirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkshirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkshirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belas_Knaphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belas_Knaphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloucestershirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloucestershirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloucestershirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maeshowehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maeshowehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orkneyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orkneyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orkneyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duggleby_Howehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duggleby_Howehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Riding_of_Yorkshirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Riding_of_Yorkshirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Riding_of_Yorkshirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sutton_Hoohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sutton_Hoohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_East_Angliahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_East_Angliahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_East_Angliahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suffolkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suffolkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tumulus&action=edit&section=15http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tumulus&action=edit&section=15http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tumulus&action=edit&section=15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Ageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Ageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Ageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavic_peopleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavic_peopleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavic_peopleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavic_peopleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Ageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tumulus&action=edit&section=15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suffolkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_East_Angliahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sutton_Hoohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Riding_of_Yorkshirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duggleby_Howehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orkneyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maeshowehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloucestershirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belas_Knaphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkshirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxfordshirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayland%27s_Smithyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiltshirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Kennet_Long_Barrowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pastimehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Englandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Stukeleyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Aubreyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiquaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ship_burialhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Saxonshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Englandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Square_barrows&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze_Agehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neolithichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tumulus&action=edit&section=14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxembourg_(province)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%C3%A8ge_(province)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waremmehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walloon_Brabanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walhainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merovingianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hainaut_(province)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flemish_Brabanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tienenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flemish_Brabanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonian_Foresthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flemish_Brabanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepin_of_Landenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%C3%A8ge_(province)http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oleye&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walloon_Brabanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramillies,_Belgiumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallo-Romanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walloon_Brabanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incourt,_Belgiumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walloon_Brabanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Court-Saint-Etiennehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%C3%A8ge_(province)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braives

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Bohemiaand some neighboring regions, likeUpper AustriaandLusatia, which at that time have

been also populated with Slavic people. However, there are no known Slavic barrows in central

part of the country (aroundPrague), neither they are found inMoravia. This has led some of thearchaeologists to speculations about at least three distinct waves of Slavic settlers, which have

colonized Czech lands separately from each other, each wave bringing its customs with it

(including burial rituals).

At places where barrows have been constructed, they are usually found in groups (10 to 100

together), often forming several clearly distinct lines going from the west to the east. Only a fewof them have been studied scientifically so far; in them, both burials by fire (with burnt ashes)

and unburned skeletons have been found, even on the same site. It seems that builders of the

barrows have at some time switched from burials by fire to burying of unburned corpses;however, the reason for such change is unknown. The barrows date too far back in history (700

AD to 800 AD) to contain anyChristianinfluences - it is almost certain that all people buried in

them werepagans.

As Czech barrows usually served for burials of poor villagers, only a few objects are found inthem except for cheap pottery. Only one Slavic barrow is known to have contained gold.

Most of the Czech burial barrows have been damaged or destroyed by intenseagriculturein the

densely populated region. Those which remain are usually located in forests, especially at

hilltops in remote places. Therefore there is no general knowledge about burial barrows in theCzech population.

The best Slavic barrow sites can be found near toVitn, a small village close toeskBudjovice. There are two groups of barrows close to Vitn, each containing about 80 barrowsordered in lines. Some of the barrows are as much as 2 meters high.

There are also someprehistoricburial barrows in Czech Republic, built by unknown people.

Unlike Slavic barrows, they can be found all across the country, though they are scarce.

Distinguishing them from Slavic ones is not an easy task for the unskilled eye.

[edit] Germany

Hgelgrab or Hgel-Grab ("Barrow", "burial mound" or "tumulus") - sites in Germany

Name Place RegionBundesland

Type Date Era

Auleben(Auleben

grave-hill field)Auleben Nordhausen Thuringia

Grave-

hillfield

ca.

1500 -

1200

BCE

Bronze Age,

Early StoneAge

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohemiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohemiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_Austriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_Austriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_Austriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusatiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusatiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusatiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praguehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praguehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praguehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moraviahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moraviahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moraviahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paganshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paganshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paganshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vit%C3%ADnhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vit%C3%ADnhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vit%C3%ADnhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cesk%C3%A9_Bud%C4%9Bjovicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cesk%C3%A9_Bud%C4%9Bjovicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cesk%C3%A9_Bud%C4%9Bjovicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cesk%C3%A9_Bud%C4%9Bjovicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prehistorichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prehistorichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prehistorichttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tumulus&action=edit&section=16http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tumulus&action=edit&section=16http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tumulus&action=edit&section=16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auleben#Historyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Auleben_grave-hill_field&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Auleben_grave-hill_field&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Auleben_grave-hill_field&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Auleben_grave-hill_field&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aulebenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aulebenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordhausenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordhausenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thuringiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thuringiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze_Agehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze_Agehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_Stone_Agehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_Stone_Agehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_Stone_Agehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumulihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumulihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumulihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumulihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumulihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumulihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumulihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumulihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumulihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumulihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumulihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumulihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumulihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumulihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumulihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumulihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumulihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumulihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumulihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumulihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumulihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumulihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumulihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumulihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumulihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumulihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumulihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumulihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumulihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumulihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumulihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumulihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumulihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumulihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumulihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumulihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumulihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumulihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumulihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumulihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumulihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumulihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumulihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumulihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumulihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumulihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumulihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumulihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumulihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_Stone_Agehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_Stone_Agehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze_Agehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thuringiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordhausenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aulebenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Auleben_grave-hill_field&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Auleben_grave-hill_field&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auleben#Historyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tumulus&action=edit&section=16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prehistorichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cesk%C3%A9_Bud%C4%9Bjovicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cesk%C3%A9_Bud%C4%9Bjovicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vit%C3%ADnhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paganshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moraviahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praguehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusatiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_Austriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohemia

7/27/2019 Tum Ulus

9/21

Benther Berg(Benther

hill)Badenstedt

Region

Hannover

Lower

Saxony

Hilly-

grave

ca.1800 -

1100

BCE

Nordic Old

Bronze Age

PckingerGemeindegebiet(Pckin

g local community area)

Pcking Municharea Bavariagrave-hill

field

ca. 750- 500

BCE

Hallstatt

Age

Kreuzlinger

Forst/MhltalGauting Municharea Bavaria

Hilly-

grave

ca.

2000 -

1500

BCE

Bronze Age

Germanengrab

(Itzehoe)(GermansGrave (Itzehoe))

Itzehoe Kreis

Steinburg

Schleswig-

Holstein

Hilly-

grave

ca.1500 -

1300

BCE

Bronze Age

Giesen (village) Giesen(village)

LandkreisHildesheim

LowerSaxony

Hilly-grave

ca.

1600 -1200

BCE

Bronze Age

Glauberg Glauburg Wetteraukreis Hesse Kingsgraves

5.

Centur

y BCE

Early CelticAge

Grabhgelfeld von

Bonstorf(BonstorfBarrows)

BonstorfLandkreis

Celle

Lower

Saxony

grave-

hillfield

ca.1500 -

1200

BCE

Bronze Age,

Early StoneAge

Lahnberge Marburg

Landkreis

Marburg-Biedenkopf

Hesse

>200

Hilly-graves

ca.

1600 -

5thCentur

y BCE

Middle

Bronze Age(Hgelgrbe

r Culture),

Late Bronze

Age

http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benther_Berg&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benther_hill&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benther_hill&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benther_hill&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benther_hill&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Badenstedt&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Badenstedt&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Region_Hannoverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Region_Hannoverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Region_Hannoverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower_Saxonyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower_Saxonyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nordic_Old_Bronze_Age&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nordic_Old_Bronze_Age&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nordic_Old_Bronze_Age&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B6ckinger_Gemeindegebiet&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B6ckinger_Gemeindegebiet&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B6cking_local_community_area&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B6cking_local_community_area&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B6cking_local_community_area&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B6cking_local_community_area&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B6ckinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B6ckinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B6ckinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munichhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munichhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bavariahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bavariahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hallstatt_Age&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hallstatt_Age&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hallstatt_Age&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kreuzlinger_Forst/M%C3%BChltal&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kreuzlinger_Forst/M%C3%BChltal&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kreuzlinger_Forst/M%C3%BChltal&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gautinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gautinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munichhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munichhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bavariahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bavariahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze_Agehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze_Agehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Germanengrab_(Itzehoe)&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Germanengrab_(Itzehoe)&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Germans_Grave_(Itzehoe)&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Germans_Grave_(Itzehoe)&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Germans_Grave_(Itzehoe)&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Germans_Grave_(Itzehoe)&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itzehoehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itzehoehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreis_Steinburghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreis_Steinburghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreis_Steinburghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schleswig-Holsteinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schleswig-Holsteinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schleswig-Holsteinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze_Agehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze_Agehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Giesen_(village)&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Giesen_(village)&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Giesen_(village)&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Giesen_(village)&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Giesen_(village)&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landkreis_Hildesheimhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landkreis_Hildesheimhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landkreis_Hildesheimhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower_Saxonyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower_Saxonyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze_Agehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze_Agehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glauberghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glauberghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glauburghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glauburghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wetteraukreishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wetteraukreishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grabh%C3%BCgelfeld_von_Bonstorfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grabh%C3%BCgelfeld_von_Bonstorfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonstorf_Barrowshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonstorf_Barrowshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonstorf_Barrowshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonstorf_Barrowshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonstorfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonstorfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landkreis_Cellehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landkreis_Cellehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower_Saxonyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower_Saxonyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze_Agehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze_Agehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_Stone_Agehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_Stone_Agehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_Stone_Agehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lahnberge&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lahnberge&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marburghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marburghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landkreis_Marburg-Biedenkopfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landkreis_Marburg-Biedenkopfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landkreis_Marburg-Biedenkopfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landkreis_Marburg-Biedenkopfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Bronze_Agehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Bronze_Agehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Bronze_Agehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H%C3%BCgelgr%C3%A4ber_Culture&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H%C3%BCgelgr%C3%A4ber_Culture&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H%C3%BCgelgr%C3%A4ber_Culture&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H%C3%BCgelgr%C3%A4ber_Culture&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Late_Bronze_Agehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Late_Bronze_Agehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Late_Bronze_Agehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Late_Bronze_Agehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Late_Bronze_Agehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H%C3%BCgelgr%C3%A4ber_Culture&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H%C3%BCgelgr%C3%A4ber_Culture&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Bronze_Agehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Bronze_Agehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landkreis_Marburg-Biedenkopfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landkreis_Marburg-Biedenkopfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landkreis_Marburg-Biedenkopfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marburghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lahnberge&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_Stone_Agehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_Stone_Agehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze_Agehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower_Saxonyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower_Saxonyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landkreis_Cellehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landkreis_Cellehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonstorfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonstorf_Barrowshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonstorf_Barrowshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grabh%C3%BCgelfeld_von_Bonstorfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grabh%C3%BCgelfeld_von_Bonstorfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wetteraukreishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glauburghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glauberghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze_Agehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower_Saxonyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower_Saxonyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landkreis_Hildesheimhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landkreis_Hildesheimhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Giesen_(village)&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Giesen_(village)&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Giesen_(village)&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze_Agehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schleswig-Holsteinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schleswig-Holsteinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreis_Steinburghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreis_Steinburghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itzehoehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Germans_Grave_(Itzehoe)&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Germans_Grave_(Itzehoe)&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Germanengrab_(Itzehoe)&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Germanengrab_(Itzehoe)&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze_Agehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bavariahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munichhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gautinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kreuzlinger_Forst/M%C3%BChltal&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kreuzlinger_Forst/M%C3%BChltal&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hallstatt_Age&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hallstatt_Age&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bavariahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munichhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B6ckinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B6cking_local_community_area&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B6cking_local_community_area&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B6ckinger_Gemeindegebiet&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B6ckinger_Gemeindegebiet&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nordic_Old_Bronze_Age&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nordic_Old_Bronze_Age&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower_Saxonyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower_Saxonyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Region_Hannoverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Region_Hannoverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Badenstedt&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benther_hill&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benther_hill&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benther_Berg&action=edit&redlink=1

7/27/2019 Tum Ulus

10/21

(Urnfeld

Culture),Iron Age

(Hallstatt

Culture)

Hohmichele Hundersingen Landkreis

Sigmaringen

Baden-

Wrttemberg

Kings

graves

ca. 600

- 450BCE

Hallstatt

Age

Grave-hill of HochdorfHochdorf an

der Enz

Landkreis

Ludwigsburg

Baden-

Wrttemberg

Hilly-

grave

5.

Centur

y BCE

Hallstatt

Age

GrabauerGrberfeld(Grave

fields)

Grabau(Stormarn)

KreisStormarn

Schleswig-Holstein

9grave-

hills

6500 -5500

BCE

YoungStone Age

Beckdorf BeckdorfLandkreisStade

LowerSaxony

Hilly-grave

Heidelberg WieraSchwalm-Eder-Kreis

Hesse Hill-grave

Bronze Age

Lehbhl SchlaitdorfLandkreisEsslingen

Baden-Wrttemberg

Hill-grave

ca. 600

- 400

BCE

HallstattAge

Willhofer Berg(Wilhofmountain)

WillhofLandkreisSchwandorf

BavariaHilly-grave

ca.

1516

BCE

Middle

Bronze Age,earlyLa

Tene Age

Mellingstedt Lemsahl-

Mellingstedt Wandsbek Hamburg

Hilly-

graveBronze Age

DaxbergDaxberg

(Mmbris)LandkreisAschaffenbur

Bavaria Hilly-grave

ca.

2000 -

800

Iron Age

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