TundraTundraBy: Troy HBy: Troy H

The TundraThe Tundra

Covers 1/7 of the Covers 1/7 of the earth’s crustearth’s crust

25% of the earth’s 25% of the earth’s crust is covered crust is covered with permafrostwith permafrost

Consists of Alpine Consists of Alpine and Antarctic and Antarctic TundraTundra(“Quizlet”)(“Quizlet”)

Image from Image from SEGACMaps

Tundra Food WebTundra Food WebImage by Image by troubadour1troubadour1

Winter temperature Winter temperature of -30°Fof -30°F

Summer Summer temperature of 37°-temperature of 37°-54°F54°F

Precipitation is very Precipitation is very lowlow

The coldest biomeThe coldest biome

(“The Tundra”)(“The Tundra”) Image by Image by Whirling Phoenix

Strong windsStrong winds

Little rainLittle rain

PermafrostPermafrost

Long wintersLong winters

The sun is rarely The sun is rarely seen in the winterseen in the winter(“Biotic”)(“Biotic”)

Image by Image by Richard Webb

Animal AdaptationsAnimal AdaptationsThe Tundra Bumble Bee has The Tundra Bumble Bee has gotten dense hair which help gotten dense hair which help with reducing heat loss.with reducing heat loss.

The Alaska blackfish produces The Alaska blackfish produces certain chemicals which certain chemicals which reduce the freezing reduce the freezing temperature of its cells.temperature of its cells.

Oxen have a lot of hair and Oxen have a lot of hair and small legs to help reduce heat small legs to help reduce heat loss.loss.

Many animals have learned to Many animals have learned to move slowly during the cold move slowly during the cold months and the brief hot months and the brief hot summer in order to conserve summer in order to conserve energy and reduce the risk of energy and reduce the risk of overheating.overheating.

(“Arctic”)(“Arctic”)Image from Image from Public Domain Images

Plant AdaptationsPlant AdaptationsPlants use perennials in order Plants use perennials in order to conserve energy. Plants to conserve energy. Plants save energy for a couple of save energy for a couple of seasons before growing seasons before growing seeds.seeds.

Many plants turn to face the Many plants turn to face the light throughout the daylight throughout the day

Many plants grow a layer of Many plants grow a layer of furfur

Plants retain their old leaves Plants retain their old leaves in order to keep the nutrients in order to keep the nutrients and safe energyand safe energy

(“Alaska”)(“Alaska”)

Image from Image from Les Jardiniers du Possible

ThreatsThreats

The melting of permafrost can The melting of permafrost can cause a landscape changecause a landscape change

Lichen can be affected by air Lichen can be affected by air pollutionpollution

Oil spillsOil spills

Heating up the permafrost Heating up the permafrost with roads, construction, and with roads, construction, and buildingsbuildings

(“Tundra”)(“Tundra”)

Photo by Photo by Rob Lee

Competition and Competition and CooperationCooperation

Lichens are a example of Lichens are a example of cooperation. They are a cooperation. They are a combination of algae and combination of algae and fungi working together.fungi working together.

Due to the food web being Due to the food web being small and the harshness of small and the harshness of the environment, the the environment, the competition in the Tundra is competition in the Tundra is very limited. very limited.

There are only 48 different There are only 48 different species in the Tundra.species in the Tundra.

Most animals travel in herds.Most animals travel in herds.

(S, Whitney)(S, Whitney)

Image by Image by 0P_timus

Threatened or Threatened or Endangered SpeciesEndangered Species

Two species of the Two species of the Arctic FoxArctic Fox

CaribouCaribou

Musk OxMusk Ox

Polar BearPolar Bear(“Endangered”)(“Endangered”)

Image by Image by Cloudtail

Invasive SpeciesInvasive Species

Canada gooseCanada goose

Red deerRed deer

white-tailed deerwhite-tailed deer

Austrian pineAustrian pine

CaribouCaribou

Red foxRed fox(“Global”)(“Global”)

Image by Image by Danny Chapman

Interesting FactsInteresting FactsWorld’s youngest World’s youngest biomebiome

Formed 10,000 Formed 10,000 years agoyears ago

Located from 55º-Located from 55º-70ºN70ºN

World’s coldest World’s coldest biomebiome

Winds can be from Winds can be from 30mph to 60mph30mph to 60mph(S. Whitney)(S. Whitney)

Image by Image by Peter Nijenhuis

ImportanceImportance

The permafrost locks in CO2The permafrost locks in CO2

The permafrost is used to The permafrost is used to measure climate changemeasure climate change

The biome is home to many The biome is home to many endangered species that endangered species that depend on itdepend on it

(“Endangered”)(“Endangered”)

Image by Image by weber_sd

Youtube VideoYoutube Video

0:00-3:010:00-3:01

Works CitedWorks Cited

"Alaska Department of Fish and Game." Tundra Wildlife and Plants Adaptations, Division of Wildlife Conservation, ,. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Oct. 2012. <https://secure.wildlife.alaska.gov/index.cfm?adfg=ecosystems.tundralife>.

"Arctic Adaptations." "Arctic Adaptations." National Park ServiceNational Park Service. University of Guelph, n.d. Web. 5 Oct. 2012. <. University of Guelph, n.d. Web. 5 Oct. 2012. <http://www.nps.gov/akso/parkwise/students/referencelibrary/bela/arcticadaptations.htmhttp://www.nps.gov/akso/parkwise/students/referencelibrary/bela/arcticadaptations.htm>.>.

"Biotic And Abiotic Factors On Tundra." "Biotic And Abiotic Factors On Tundra." Biotic And Abiotic Factors On TundraBiotic And Abiotic Factors On Tundra. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Oct. 2012. <. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Oct. 2012. <http://oildrillingh.tripod.com/id14.htmlhttp://oildrillingh.tripod.com/id14.html>.>.

"Endangered Animals in the Tundra." "Endangered Animals in the Tundra." Tundra Endangered AnimalsTundra Endangered Animals. Animal Port, n.d. Web. 08 Oct. 2012. <. Animal Port, n.d. Web. 08 Oct. 2012. <http://www.animalport.com/endangered-animals/tundra.htmlhttp://www.animalport.com/endangered-animals/tundra.html>.>.

"Global Invasive Species Database." "Global Invasive Species Database." Global Invasive Species DatabaseGlobal Invasive Species Database. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Oct. 2012. <. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Oct. 2012. <http://www.issg.org/database/species/search.asp?sts=ssshttp://www.issg.org/database/species/search.asp?sts=sss>.>.

"Quizlet." "Quizlet." Geography A2Geography A2. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Oct. 2012. <. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Oct. 2012. <http://quizlet.com/8912740/geography-a2-tundra-flash-cards/http://quizlet.com/8912740/geography-a2-tundra-flash-cards/>.>.

S, Whitney. "Alpine Biome." S, Whitney. "Alpine Biome." Alpine BiomeAlpine Biome. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Oct. 2012. <. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Oct. 2012. <http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/tundra.htmhttp://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/tundra.htm>.>.

"The Tundra Biome." "The Tundra Biome." The Tundra BiomeThe Tundra Biome. University of California Museum of Paleontology, n.d. Web. 02 Oct. 2012. <. University of California Museum of Paleontology, n.d. Web. 02 Oct. 2012. <http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/exhibits/biomes/tundra.phphttp://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/exhibits/biomes/tundra.php>.>.

"Tundra Threats." "Tundra Threats." National GeographicNational Geographic. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Oct. 2012. <. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Oct. 2012. <http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/habitats/tundra-threats/http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/habitats/tundra-threats/>.>.

Image CitationsImage CitationsBull moose browsing in an alaskan tundra pond public domain image picture. Web. Public Bull moose browsing in an alaskan tundra pond public domain image picture. Web. Public Domain Images. Accessed 7 Oct. 2012.Domain Images. Accessed 7 Oct. 2012.

Cloudtail. polar bear. Web. Flikr. Accessed 7 Oct. 2012.Cloudtail. polar bear. Web. Flikr. Accessed 7 Oct. 2012.

Danny Chapman. Red Deer. Web. Flikr. Accessed 7 Oct. 2012.Danny Chapman. Red Deer. Web. Flikr. Accessed 7 Oct. 2012.

Les Jardiniers du Possible. Untitled. Web. Fotopedia. Accessed 7 Oct. 2012.Les Jardiniers du Possible. Untitled. Web. Fotopedia. Accessed 7 Oct. 2012.

Peter Nijenhuis. Tundra Plateau. Web. Flikr. Accessed 7 Oct. 2012.Peter Nijenhuis. Tundra Plateau. Web. Flikr. Accessed 7 Oct. 2012.

Richard Webb. Thin soils on Ben Armine. Web. Accessed 7 Oct. 2012.Richard Webb. Thin soils on Ben Armine. Web. Accessed 7 Oct. 2012.

Rob Lee. Puddles and Clouds. Web. Flikr. Accessed 7 Oct. 2012.Rob Lee. Puddles and Clouds. Web. Flikr. Accessed 7 Oct. 2012.

SEDACMaps. Global: The Last of the Wild, version 2. Web. Flikr. Accessed 7 Oct. 2012.SEDACMaps. Global: The Last of the Wild, version 2. Web. Flikr. Accessed 7 Oct. 2012.

weber_sd. Tundra Wildflowers. Web. Flikr. Accessed 7 Oct. 2012.weber_sd. Tundra Wildflowers. Web. Flikr. Accessed 7 Oct. 2012.

Whirling Phoenix. Tundra. Web. Flikr. Accessed 7 Oct. 2012.Whirling Phoenix. Tundra. Web. Flikr. Accessed 7 Oct. 2012.

troubadour1. tundra food web. Web. Flikr. Accessed 7 Oct. 2012.troubadour1. tundra food web. Web. Flikr. Accessed 7 Oct. 2012.

0P_timus. lichen on quartz. Web. Flikr. Accessed 7 Oct. 2012.0P_timus. lichen on quartz. Web. Flikr. Accessed 7 Oct. 2012.

Youtube CitationYoutube Citation

YouTube. Dir. GuyNML11. Perf. GuyNML11. YouTube. YouTube, 02 Oct. 2011. Web. 08 Oct. 2012. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VCqAp0uOOoM>.