tuning and sail trim paul abdullah - atlanta yacht club · the middle of the mast will depower the...
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Tuning and Sail TrimPaul Abdullah
Tuning and Sail Trim
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Topics1.Rig Tips 2. Mainsail Trim
3. Headsail Trim 4. Spinnaker Trim
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Rig Tuning
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Rig Tuning – Important points
All Boats are different, but here’s some common areas to focus on:
► 1. Mast Centering
► 2. Mast Rake
► 3. Butt (Base) Position
► 4. Pre-Bend
► 5. Side-to-side
► 6. Bendiness
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Rig Tuning – Centering the Mast
► 1. Measure from point A to B and divide in half to find the center of the boat, position center of mast to that point
► 2. Swing jib halyard from point A to B and make sure they are the same length, this will ensure the hounds are in the center of the boat
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Rig Tuning - Rake
►Rake affects the center of effort/center of resistance (HELM!)
►Max rake increases weather helm to balance the boat
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Rig Tuning – Mast Butt Position
►Moving the mast aft to its’ correct setting will induce pre-bend.
►Most One-Designs have the mast butt location in the Tuning Guide.
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Rig Tuning – Pre Bend
►What is Pre-bend?
The “natural” bend where the mast is tuned
► Important to set pre-bend because sailmakers build sails to a measurable pre-bend setting
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Rig Tuning – Pre Bend
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Rig Tuning – Side to Side
► To check side bend sight up the back of the mast
► If the lowers are too loose the tip will poke to weather and the middle will sag to leeward
► If the lowers are too tight the tip will fall off to leeward and the middle will poke to weather
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► 1. In heavy air poke to weather in the middle of the mast will depower the mainsail by opening up the upper leech
► 2. A straight mast fits the designed shape of the sail for most conditions
► 3. In light air sag to leeward in the middle of the mast will power up the main by firming up the leech
Rig Tuning – Lower Tension
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Rig Tuning – Mast Bend
► 1. Draft position moves aft as the mast bends
► 2. Cunningham tension moves the draft forward
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Rig Tuning – Mast Bend
Lots of prebend Little prebend
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Rig Tuning
So…..What’s Important???
1) Mast – Centered in the boat
2) Mast – Rake set to balance boat
3) Develop a PERSONAL TUNING GUIDE
4) Bend – To match sails (Prebend)
5) Sight up the mast/main track
a) At the dock
b) On the water in 10 knots
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Mainsail Trim
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Mainsail Trim – Mechanisms
1) GEAR CHANGES = Speed
2) Mainsheet
3) Traveler
4) Controls
-Vang
-Cunningham
-Outhaul
-Backstay
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Mainsail Trim
► Easing the mainsheet opens the leech and decrease weather helm, making the boat easier to sail straight – I.E. 1st Gear
►Oversheeting the mainsheet will close the leech, increasing weather helm and making the bow want to point up – I.E. 3rd Gear
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Mainsail Trim Eased Look
1st Gear – Top Batten Open
*Accelerate!
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Mainsail Trim Overtrimmed Look
3rd Gear – Top Batten Closed
*Point Mode
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Mainsail Trim – 3 Gears!
3rd Gear
2nd Gear1st Gear
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Mainsail Trim - Traveler
► 1. The traveler changes power in the mainsail by changing the angle to the wind
► 2. The traveler will also affect
pointing ability
► 3. No Traveler? VANG SHEET!!Laser, new vang
Snipe
Thistle
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Mainsail Trim - Traveler
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Mainsail Trim - Vang
► 1. Vang affects lower mast bend and leech tension
► 2. A tight vang allows you to ease the mainsheet without losing leech tension
►DO YOU HAVE DECK STEPPED MAST –or- KEEL STEPPED MAST
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Mainsail Trim - Controls
► Cunningham
Affects the draft position
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Mainsail- Over-Bend Wrinkles
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Mainsail Trim
TWIST vs. HOOK
Draft Forward – Big Twist Draft Middle – Perfect Trim
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Mainsail Trim - Outhaul
► 1. A loose outhaul makes the bottom of the main fuller for more power
► 2. A tight outhaul flattens the bottom of the sail and opens the lower leech
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Mainsail Trim
Loose Outhaul
Closes Slot
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Slot Management
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Mainsail Trim – Using theTelltail
► 1.The mainsail is overtrimmed when the telltale curls to leeward
► 2. Slight overtrim on the main puts the boat into point mode
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Mainsail Trim
Use the top telltail as a
Trim Guide only
Flowing
Stalled
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Twist vs. Hook
►Twist is used
To INCREASE FLOW
►To gain speed out of a tack
►To accelerate out of tacks (but sacrifices height)
►To “bleed” pressure
►Hook is used
To DECREASE FLOW
►Captures more airIncreases Helm
Increases Point (but slows you down)
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Mainsail Trim
So…..What’s Important???
1) Know the boat’s GEARS
2) Communicate with helmsman
3) Set & Mark your controls
a) Vang
b) Cunningham
c) Outhaul
4) Use your reference points
a) Telltails
b) Trim points (corner of boat)
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Headsail Trim
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Headsail Trim – Lead Placement
► 1. Low aspect headsails sheet at an angle nearly bisecting the leech and foot
► 2. High aspect sails sheet more directly up the leech
► 3. Moving the lead forward will close the leech for power, moving it aft will open the leech to depower
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Headsail Trim - Reference
►Mark your Spreaders
►Gives trimmers visual reference
►Gives trimmers/helmsman verbal reference
► Place marks to correlate with the “GEARS” for your particular boat
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Trim Guides
Mark your spreaders!!! Establish Communication
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Establish Communcation!!!
Driver
Genoa Trimmer
Main Trimmer
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Headsail Trim – Luff Sag
►Headstay sag increases depth in the headsail to add power
► Sag controls sail entry, deep for chop, fine for flat water
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Headsail Trim – Luff Sag
► Sag can be controlled through backstay and shroud tension
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Headsail Trim – Telltail Flow
► Proper trim allows the wind to flow evenly on both sides of the sail, telltales flow aft
►Overtrimming stalls the windflow on the backside of the sail, creating vortices that spin the telltale
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Headsail Trim
So…..What’s Important???
1) Know the boat’s GEARS
2) COMMUNICATE with helmsman
a) Where are you trimmed?
3) Set & Mark your controls
a) Backstay
b) Lead Position
c) Halyard tension
4) Use your reference points
a) Spreader Marks
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Spinnaker Trim
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Spinnaker Trim
► What are the two fool-proof rules-of-thumb in judging pole height?
► ENDS
► CENTER SEAM
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Spinnaker Trim
Even Clews
Center Seam in
line with the
mast
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Spinnaker Trim – Pole height
Reaching
► 1. Pole too high flattens the luff and moves the draft aft, closing the leech
► 2. Lowering the pole moves the draft forward and opens the leech
►CONTROLS ENTRY/EXIT
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Spinnaker Trim
►As a rule, the spinnaker pole should be square to the wind
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Downwind Mainsail Trim
► 1. Too little vang allows too much twist and flattens the top of the main, depowering the sail
► 2. Vang on decreases twist and makes the top of the main deeper and more powerful
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Downwind Trim – Main Twist
PERFECT! TOO
MUCH
TWIST!
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Downwind Trim – Perfect twist
Top Batten
Parallel to boom
Watch TelltailMake sure it is not
Stalled!!!
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Twist in Main - Downwind
Vang on
Please!
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Spinnaker Trim
So…..What’s Important???
1) Pole Height & Effects
2) Pole Position to the wind
3) Watch your signs
a) Clew height
b) Center Seam
4) Work the curl!
5) Communicate with driver
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Spin Trim- Perfect Balance!