turbidimetry: chemistry project report

CHEMISTRY PROJECT REPORT bbbB

Chemistry Project Report

INTRODUCTION GROUP INFO

When light is passed

through the suspension, part of the radiant energy is

dissipated by absorption reflection and refraction,

while the remainder is transmitted when the

suspension is viewed t right

angles to the direction of the incident light, the

system appears opalescent due to the reflection of light

from the particles of suspension (Tyndall

effect).the light is reflected irregularly and therefore

the term scattered light is used for it. The

measurement of the intensity of scattered light

as a function of the concentration of suspended

particles is done by the

technique known as

turbidimetry. It is also known as nephlometry.The

intensity of scattered light is measured at right angles to

the direction of the incident light. Turbidity is measured

in NTU (nephelometric

turbidity units).

Estimation of Sulphate ions by Turbidimetry

by [Article Author]

Group 7

Group Members

Bharath KB

Amogha Bhardwaj

Ipsit Gambhir

Archit Roy

Aditya Sharma

Shivam Shukla

Vinod Kumar

Vinit Shahdeo


PHOTO -GALLERY

Turbidimeter

Putting Water Samples in turbidimeter

Preparation

Preparation of Standard Solutions

COLLECTION OF WATER SAMPLES

VIT Lake

Drinking Water

Sewage Water

Tap Water

Katpadi City Bore Water

GROUP MEETING PHOTO

PROCEDURE

Preparation of the standard solutions:

1) Sulphate ions solution:

Dissolve 0.4535 g of dry potassium sulphate in distilled water and make the volume to 250 ml.

this solution has the sulphate concentration 1 gm/ml.

2) Sodium chloride- hydrochloric acid reagent

Dissolve 25 gm of sodium chloride in 60-70 ml of water. On dilution add 2ml of conc. Hcl. Dilute

the solution to 100 ml. 3) Barium chloride:Pass the crystals through a

20 mesh sieve and take those, which are

retained by the mesh. Dissolve 5 m of the salt

in 100 ml of water.

4) Conditioning reagent : 50 ml of glycerol+ 30

ml of conc.hcl+300 ml of distilled water+100 ml of 95% of ethanol+75 gm of sodium chloride.

Preparation of suspended particles:

1) Take seven 50ml volumetric flask and label them

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.Use the flask labeled as 1 for

the blank solution preparation.

2) Transfer 1,2,3,4 & 5ml of standard sulphate ion

solution in the flasks number 2, 3, 4, 5& 6.

3) To each flask add 30ml of conditioning reagent

solution.

4) Add 10ml of barium chloride solution to each

flask and make the volume to 50ml.Allow each

flask to stand for 5 minutes.

5) The flask marked as 1 will have all the solution

as under 3 and 4 except 2.

6) Use the flask labeled as 7 for unknown solution.

7) Transfer the samples in the sample tubes (which

should be very clean inside and outside and

should not contain any scratches). Note the

reading on turbidity scale.


PHOTO-GALLERY

REFERENCES

Dr. Sumathi

Yahoo Answers, Quora, Wikipedia, pdf’s from

various books

Lab assistant

MIT lab manual

CONCLUSION

Results

Blank solution: 0 ppm

1 ml Sulphate solution 124 NTU





Tap water 239 NTU = 59 ppm

Lake water: 317 NTU = 78.1 ppm

Sewage water 332 NTU = 89.6 ppm

Katpadi City Water 265 NTU = 66 ppm

Drinking water 28 NTU = 4.7 ppm

Here, according to the results derived above, it

implies that, drinking water contains the least

amount of Sulphate content, because, here at VIT Campus, the drinking water is taken as of utmost

importance, and various purification techniques has been employed such as RO, UV and UF, so

that is the reason for its low Sulphur content.

And, the next comes, the discussion regarding the

sewage water, which contains highest amount of Sulphate content, as a result of deriving waste

from various sources in the campus of VIT.

The source which we collected from the sewage

treatment plant, gets the effluent from Ladies hostel, M.G.R block, TT and Men’s hostel.

So, this is the reason for having the highest amount of Sulphur content.

GROUP PHOTO

Created By: Vinit Shahdeo

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turbidimetry: chemistry project report

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