turbo engines
TRANSCRIPT
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GAS TURBINE
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INTRODUCTION
The earliest patent on gas turbine was that of the Englishman, John Barber, in year 1879.
Early designs were unsuccessful due tosome factors.
Serious development of the gas turbinebegan only after the second world war withthe shaft power in mind.
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WORKING CYCLE:
BRAYTON CYCLE
Process 1-2:
Isentropic compression in the compressor Process 2-3:
Addition of heat at constant pressureProcess 3-4:
Isentropic expansion of air Process 4-1:
Rejection of heat at constant pressure
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HOW DOES GAS TURBINE WORKS?
Gas turbine functions in the same way as theCompressed Ignition Engine. It sucks in air
from the atmosphere, compresses it.
The fuel is injected and ignited. The gases
expand doing work and finally exhausts
outside.
The only difference is instead of the
reciprocating motion, gas turbine uses a
rotary motion throughout.
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THE THREE MAIN SECTIONS OF THE GAS
TURBINE
1. Compressor
2. Combuster
3. Turbine
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1. COMPRESSOR
The compressor sucks the air from the atmosphere
and compresses it and guides it to the combustion
chamber.
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2. COMBUSTER
This is an annular chamber where the fuel burns and
is similar to the furnace in a boiler. The air from the
compressor is the Combustion air.
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3. TURBINE
Stationary guide vanes of turbine direct the gases
to the next set of blades. The kinetic energy of the
hot gases impacting on the blades rotates the
blades and the shaft.
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Actual view of gas turbine
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CLASSIFICATION OF GAS TURBINES
A. On basis of combustion process:1. Continuous combustion or Constant pressure
type
2. The explosion or constant volume type
B. On basis of path of working substance:1. Open cycle gas turbine
2. Closed cycle gas turbine
C. On basis of action of expanding gases:
1. Impluse turbine
2. Impulse- Reaction turbine
D. On the basis of direction of flow:
1. Axial flow
2. Radial flow
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OPEN CYCLE GAS TURBINE
Fresh air is drawn into thecompressor from atmosphere.
Heat is added by combustionof fuel.
Exhaust from turbine isreleased in atmosphere.
Arrangement of continuousreplacement of workingmedium is required.
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CLOSED CYCLE GAS TURBINE
In this , cycle is closed and
exhaust is not open toatmosphere.
In this there is continuously
supply of same working gas.
Higher density gases like
hydrogen or carbon dioxide
is used.
So we get higher efficiency
then open cycle GT.
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Applications
Turbojet engines
Marine field
Supercharging
Railway engines
Generation of electricpower
Industry
Applications
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APPLICATION IN AIRCRAFT
Nearly all the military aircrafts are powered by gas turbine.
These are used for the higher generation of power in plane.
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As there is cut off the auxilliary engine gas turbine gets
started.
As the speed of the plane increases the compressor gets
rotated and compresses the air and that get combusted incombustion chamber.
Then the exhaust gases are thrown out.
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ADVANTAGES
Very high power-to-weight ratio, compared toreciprocating engines.
Smaller than most reciprocating engines of the
same power rating.
Fewer moving parts than reciprocating engines
Low operating pressures & High operation speeds.
Low lubricating oil cost and consumption.