turbojet engine.pptx

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FPG 1204CHAPTER 5

TURBO – JET ENGINE



CHAPTER REVIEWHistory

Early and currnt dsi!n

Calculation "or nt t#rustCycl i$%ro&$nt

'scnt "ul( ti$ and distanc

'i)rnt *t+n t# %iston and tur*o,-t

n!in



INTRO'UCTION T# turbojet is t# oldst .ind o" !nral,

%ur%os air*rat#in! -t n!in/

Tur*o-ts consist o"an air inlt(

an air co$%rssor(

a co$*ustion c#a$*r(

a !as tur*in 0t#at dri&s t# air co$%rssor1and

a no22l



Tur*o-t n!in attac# undr t# +in!/



E3A4PE O6 TURBOJET ENGINE



PART7 O6 TURBOJET

ENGINE



HOW IT OPERATE78 T# air is co$%rssd into t# c#a$*r(

#atd and 9%andd *y t# "ul co$*ustion

T#n allo+d to 9%and out t#rou!# t#tur*in into t# no22l +#r it is acclratdto #i!# s%d to %ro&id %ro%ulsion



Intrstin! 6act Tur*o-ts ar :uit in;cint i" <o+n *lo+

a*out Mach=2 and very noisy.

Most modern aircraft us turbofans instad "or cono$ic rasons/

Tur*o-ts ar still &ry co$$on in mediumrange cruise missiles du to t#ir highe!haust s"eed( lo# frontal area andrelative sim"licity/



HI7TOR=



HI7TOR=$lbert Fon%&s Gr$an %atnt

"or -t En!ins 0January >?@1/

T# t#ird illustration is atur*o-t/

'ein(el 'e 1)*( t# +orlds

rst aircra"t to <y %urly on

tur*o-t %o+r( usin! an

H7 D n!in/



>?@Practical a9ial co$%rssors +r $ad

%ossi*l *y idas "ro$ $.$.Gri+th in as$inal %a%r 0FAn Arodyna$ic T#ory o"

Tur*in 'si!nF1/



>?D?On 2) $ugust 1,-, t# 'ein(el 'e 1)*

*ca$ t# +orlds rst aircra"t to <y undrtur*o-t %o+r +it# tst,%ilot Eric# Warsit2 att# controls( t#us *co$in! t# rst %ractical

-t %lan

T# rst t+o o%rational tur*o-t aircra"t(t# Messerschmitt Me 22t# Gloster Meteor ntrd sr&ic to+ards

t# nd o" World War II in >?/



Cont//oncorde usd tur*o-t n!ins *caus it turns

out t#at t# s$all cross,sction and #i!# 9#austs%d is idal "or o%ration at Mach 2.

Concords n!in *urnt lss "ul to %roduc a!i&n t#rust "or a $il at 4ac# @/ t#an a $odrn#i!#,*y%ass tur*o"an suc# as General Electric

CF6 at its Mach 0.86 optimum speed.

Concords air"ra$( #o+&r( +as "ar lss;cint t#an t#at o" any su*sonic airlinr/



EAR= 'E7IGN AN' CURRENT'E7IGN



EAR= 'E7IGNEarly Gr$an n!ins #ad srious

%ro*l$s controllin! t# tur*in

inlt t$%ratur/A lac. o" suita*l alloys du to +ar

s#orta!s $ant t# tur*in rotor and stator*lads +ould so$ti$s disint!rat on rst

o%ration and n&r lastd lon!/ T#ir arly n!ins a&ra!d >–@5 #ours o"

o%ration *"or "ailin!



Cont/ T# nited tates #ad t# *st $atrials

*caus o" t#ir rlianc onturbosu"ercharging in #i!# altitud*o$*rs o" 3orld 3ar .6or a ti$ so$ U7 -t n!ins includd t#

a*ility to in-ct +atr into t# n!in to coolt# co$%rssd <o+ *"or co$*ustion(usually durin! ta.o)/

J5,GE,>A tur*o-t n!in "ro$ Gnral Elctric>?



CURRENT 'E7IGN

7c#$atic dia!ra$ s#o+in! t# o%ration o"an a9ial <o+ tur*o-t n!in



HOW TURBO,JET

OPERATE78$ir inta(ePrcdin! t# co$%rssor is t# air inta. 0or

inlt1/

It is dsi!nd to * as ;cint as %ossi*l atrco&rin! t# ra$ %rssur o" t# air stra$ tu*a%%roac#in! t# inta.

/om"ressor

T# co$%rssor is dri&n *y t# tur*in/ T# co$%rssor rotats at &ry #i!# s%d(

addin! nr!y to t# air<o+ and at t# sa$ ti$s:u2in! 0co$%rssin!1 it into a s$allr s%ac



Cont//ombustion chamberIn a tur*o-t t# air and "ul $i9tur %asss

unconnd t#rou!# t# co$*ustion c#a$*r/

As t# $i9tur *urns its t$%ratur incrassdra$atically( *ut t# %rssur actually dcrass a"+ %rcnt/

5urbine

Hot !ass la&in! t# co$*ustor ar allo+d to9%and t#rou!# t# tur*in/

Tur*ins ar usually $ad u% o" #i!# t$%ratur$tals to rsist t# #i!# t$%ratur( and "r:untly#a& *uilt,in coolin! c#annls/



Cont/6o77leA"tr t# tur*in( t# !ass ar allo+d to

9%and t#rou!# t# 9#aust no22l to

at$os%#ric %rssur( %roducin! a #i!# &locity -t in t# 9#aust %lu$/

$fter burnerAn a"tr*urnr or Fr#at -t%i%F is a d&ic

addd to t# rar o" t# -t n!in/It %ro&ids a $ans o" s%rayin! "ul dirctly into

t# #ot 9#aust( +#r it i!nits and *oostsa&aila*l t#rust si!nicantly



Cont/5hrust reverserA t#rust r&rsr is( ssntially( a %air o"

cla$s#ll doors $ountd at t# rar o" t#

n!in +#ic#(

+#n d%loyd( di&rt t#rust nor$al to t# -tn!in <o+ to #l% slo+ an aircra"t u%onlandin!/



CACUATION 6OR NET THRU7T



NET THRU7T

W#ris the rate of flow of air through the engine

is the rate of flow of fuel entering the engine

is the speed of the jet (the exhaust plume) and

is assumed to be less than sonic velocity

is the true airspeed of the aircraft

represents the nozzle gross thrust

represents the ram drag of the intake



E3A4PEW#at is t# net thrust "or an -t aircra"t i" itKs

!i&n t# rate of flow of fuel entering the engine is

8.3, rate of flow of air through the engine is 8, speed

of the jet is !!m"s, and the true airspeed of the

aircraft is #3kt,



'E7CENT 6UE( TI4E AN' 'I7TANCE



6UE JET CACUATIONE9a$%l o" boing ))( %ilot calculatd

r:uird "ul is @@(D .!( @ litrs alradyinstalld/ Calculat #o+ $uc# $or "ul #ad

to * addd

A litr o" -t "ul +i!#s /D .!( so t#

corrct calculation +as@ litrs M /D >? .!

@@D .! >? .! >>D> .!

>>D> .! /D @ litrs o" "ul to *

trans"rrd



Cont/Bt+n t# !round cr+ and <i!#t cr+(

#o+&r( t#y arri&d at an incorrectconversion factor of 1.))( t# +i!#t o" a

litr o" "ul in %ounds@ litrs M >/ >D5? .!

@@D .! >D5? .! D .!

D .! >/ ?> litrs o" "ul to *trans"rrd



E3ERCI7EE9a$%l o" boing )8)9200( %ilot calculatd

r:uird "ul is D( ? litrs( > .! o" "ulis alrady installd/ Calculat #o+ $uc# $or

"ul #ad to * addd



'I7TANCE OR RANGE

W#r

C T – s%cic "ul consu$%tion 0>>?@Qti$1!QN/s

7 – +in! ara

S – air dnsity >/@@5.!Q$D

C – co;cint o" li"t

C' – co;cint o" dra!

W – li"t :uation 0>Q@ SV@7C1



E3ERCI7E6ind t# range o" t# tur*o-t n!in aircra"t

i" t# time ta(en is 2 hours( thecoe+cient of drag is 0.128 and

coe+cient of lift is tenth times thancoe+cient of drag. 5he #ing area is4m:2 and t# velocity of the aircraft is100ms.



C=CE I4PROVE4ENT



Cycl i$%ro&$nts T#r$odyna$ics o" a ty%ical air,*rat#in! -t n!in

ar $odld a%%ro9i$atly *y a ;rayton /ycle/

Incrasin! t# o&rall %rssur ratio o" t#co$%rssion syst$ raiss t# co$*ustor ntryt$%ratur/

4ini$i2in! #at losss and o%ti$i2in! t# inltt$%ratur ratio +ill incras t# syst$s us"ul+or. and t# t#r$al ;cincy o" t# tur*o -tn!in/



'i)rnt *t+n t# %iston and

tur*o,-t n!in$ "iston engineutili2s t# linar $otion o" cylindrsQ%istons to co$*ust

t# !asolin t#at dri&s t# &#icl or a%%lianc/

$ jet engine #o+&r uss a <uid 0air1 inta. to assist in t# co$%rssion o" "ul/

It co$%riss o" $any tur*ins and co$%rssion co$%onntst#at sync#roni2 to "orc t# 9%ndd "ul out t# no22l

o" t# n!in/ T#is action crats dirct t#rust as o%%osd to t# lctrical

nr!y %roducd in a %iston n!in/

turbojet engine.pptx

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