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  • 7/29/2019 turkey country

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    TurkeyFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

    This article is about the country. For the bird, see Turkey (bird) . For other uses, see Turkey (disambiguation) .

    Republic of Turkey

    Trkiye Cumhur iyeti

    Flag

    Motto:"Egemenlik, kaytsz artsz Milletindir " (Turkish ) [1]

    "Sovereignty unconditionally belongs to the Nation"

    Capital Ankara

    3955N 3250E

    Largest city Istanbul

    411N 2857E

    Official languages Turkish

    Ethnic groups ([2]) 70 75% Turks

    18% Kurds

    7 12% others

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey_(bird)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey_(bird)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey_(bird)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey_(disambiguation)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey_(disambiguation)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey_(disambiguation)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Turkeyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Turkeyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovereignty_unconditionally_belongs_to_the_Nationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovereignty_unconditionally_belongs_to_the_Nationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovereignty_unconditionally_belongs_to_the_Nationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey#cite_note-motto_of_Turkey-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey#cite_note-motto_of_Turkey-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey#cite_note-motto_of_Turkey-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ankarahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ankarahttp://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Turkey&params=39_55_N_32_50_E_type:countryhttp://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Turkey&params=39_55_N_32_50_E_type:countryhttp://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Turkey&params=39_55_N_32_50_E_type:countryhttp://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Turkey&params=39_55_N_32_50_E_type:countryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbulhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbulhttp://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Turkey&params=41_1_N_28_57_E_http://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Turkey&params=41_1_N_28_57_E_http://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Turkey&params=41_1_N_28_57_E_http://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Turkey&params=41_1_N_28_57_E_http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey#cite_note-cia-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey#cite_note-cia-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey#cite_note-cia-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_peoplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_peoplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_peoplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdish_peoplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdish_peoplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdish_peoplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Turkey_(orthographic_projection).svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Turkey.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Turkey_(orthographic_projection).svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Turkey.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Turkey_(orthographic_projection).svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Turkey.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Turkey_(orthographic_projection).svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Turkey.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdish_peoplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_peoplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey#cite_note-cia-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_languagehttp://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Turkey&params=41_1_N_28_57_E_http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbulhttp://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Turkey&params=39_55_N_32_50_E_type:countryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ankarahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey#cite_note-motto_of_Turkey-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovereignty_unconditionally_belongs_to_the_Nationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Turkeyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey_(disambiguation)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey_(bird)
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    Demonym Turkish

    Government Unitary parliamentaryconstitutional republic

    - President Abdullah Gl

    - Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoan

    - Speaker of the

    Parliament

    Cemil iek

    - President of the

    Constitutional Court

    Haim Kl

    Legislature Grand National Assembly

    Succession to the Ottoman Empire

    - Treaty of Lausanne 24 July 1923

    - Declaration of

    Republic

    29 October 1923

    Area

    - Total 783,562 km 2 (37th )

    302,535 sq mi

    - Water (%) 1.3

    Population

    - 2013 estimate 75,627,38 4[3] (18th)

    - Density 97/km 2 (108th )

    239.8/sq mi

    GDP (PPP) 2012 estimate

    - Total $1.358 trillio n[4][5] (15th)

    - Per capita $18,34 8[5] (54th )

    GDP (nominal) 2012 estimate

    - Total $789.257 billio n[5] (17th )

    - Per capita $10,66 6[5] (64nd )

    Gini (2010) 40. 0[6]

    medium 58th

    HDI (2013) 0.722

    high 90th

    Currency Turkish liraa (TRY )

    Time zone EET (UTC+2)

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    - Summer (DST) EEST (UTC+3)

    Date format dd/mm/yyyy (AD)

    Drives on the right

    Calling code 90

    ISO 3166 code TR

    Internet TLD .tr

    a. The Turkish lira (Trk Liras , TL) replaced the Turkish new lira on 1 January

    2009.

    Turkey (Turkish : Trkiye ), officially the Republic of Turkey ( Trkiye Cumhuriyeti (help info)), is

    a transcontinental country, located mostly o n Anatolia in Western Asia and on East Thrace in Southeastern

    Europe . Turkey is bordered by eight countries: Bulgaria to the northwest; Greece to the west; Georgia to the

    northeast; Armenia , Iran and the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan to the east; and Iraq and Syria to the

    southeast. The Mediterranean Sea is to the south; the Aegean Sea is to the west; and the Black Sea is to the

    north. The Sea of Marmara , the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles (which together form the Turkish Straits )

    demarcate the boundary between Thrace and Anatolia; they also separate Europe and Asia . [7] Turkey's location

    at the crossroads of Europe and Asia makes it a country of significant geostrategic importance . [8][9][10]

    The area now called Turkey has been inhabited since the Paleolithic ,[11] including various Ancient

    Anatolian civilizations and Thracian peoples .[12][13 ][14][15] Afte r Alexander the Great 's conquest, the area

    was Hellenized , which continued with the Roman rule and the transition into the ByzantineEmpire .[14][16] The Seljuk Turks began migrating into the area in the 11th century, starting the process

    of Turkification , which was greatly accelerated by the Seljuk victory over the Byzantines at the Battle of

    Manzikert in 1071 .[17] The Seljuk Sultanate of Rm ruled Anatolia until the Mongol invasion in 1243, upon which

    it disintegrated into several small Turkish beyliks . Starting from the late 13th century, the Ottoman beylik united

    Anatolia and created an empire encompassing much of Southeastern Europe , Western Asia and North Africa .

    After the Ottoman Empire collapsed following its defeat in World War I , parts of it were occupied by the

    victorious Allies . The Turkish War of Independence , initiated b yMustafa Kemal Atatrk and his colleagues,

    resulted in the establishment of the modern Republic of Turkey in 1923, with Atatrk as its first president.

    Turkey is a democratic , secular , unitary , constitutional republic with a diverse cultural heritage. The country's

    official language is Turkish , a Turkic language , which is spoken by approximately 85% of the population as

    mother tongue .[18] Turks constitute 70% to 75% of the population. Minorities include Kurds (18%) and others

    (7 12%) .[2] The vast majority of the population is Muslim. Turkey is a member of the Council of

    Europe ,NATO , OECD , OSCE and the G-20 major economies . Turkey began full membership negotiations with

    the European Union in 2005, having been an associate member of the European Economic Community since

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    1963 and having joined the EU Customs Union in 1995. Turkey is also a member of the Turkic Council , Joint

    Administration of Turkic Arts and Culture , Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and the Economic Cooperation

    Organisation . Turkey's growing economy and diplomatic initiatives have led to its recognition as a regional

    power .[10][19 ][20]

    Aspendos Theatre

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    flickr / Ruslik

    Aspendos boasts one of the best preserved ancient theatres of antiquity. The theatre of Aspendos was build in 155

    AD during the rule of the Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius and could seat between 15,000 and 20,000 spectators.

    Because the stage area was later used as a caravanserai (a roadside inn) in Seljuk times, it was continuously

    repaired and maintained. Thus, the Aspendos Theatre has been able to survive to this days without losing almost any

    of its original qualities.

    http://www.flickr.com/photos/ruslikhttp://www.flickr.com/photos/ruslikhttp://www.flickr.com/photos/ruslikhttp://www.flickr.com/photos/ruslik
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    Pamukkale

    flickr / +anaraquel+

    Pamukkale , meaning cotton castle in Turkish, is an unreal landscape in western Turkey, famous for its white

    terraces. The terraces are made of travertine, a sedimentary rock deposited by water with a very high mineral content

    from the hot springs. People have bathed in its pools for thousands of years. The ancient Greek city of Hierapolis was

    built on top of the hot springs by the kings of Pergamon. The ruins of the baths, temples and other Greek monuments

    can be seen at the site.

    http://www.flickr.com/photos/23930118@N04http://www.flickr.com/photos/23930118@N04http://www.flickr.com/photos/23930118@N04http://www.flickr.com/photos/23930118@N04
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    Bodrum Castle

    flickr / calflier001

    Located in the city of Bodrum in southwest Turkey, Bodrum Castle was built by the Crusaders in the 15th century as

    the Castle of St. Peter. It is one of the worlds best preserved monuments d ating back to medieval times. The castle

    now operates as a museum, with the focus on the Museum of Underwater Archaeology. It overlooks the internal

    marina of Bodrum filled with millions of dollars worth of sailing crafts.

    http://www.flickr.com/photos/calflier001http://www.flickr.com/photos/calflier001http://www.flickr.com/photos/calflier001http://www.flickr.com/photos/calflier001
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    Mount Nemrut

    flickr / borderlys

    Nemrut is a 2,134 meter (7,001 ft) high mountain in southeastern Turkey, near the city of Adiyaman. In 62 BC, King

    Antiochus I Theos of Commagene built a tomb-sanctuary flanked by huge statues of himself, two lions, two eagles

    and various Greek, and Persian gods on the mountain top. Since their construction, the heads have toppled from the

    bodies and lay scattered throughout the site. The summit of Mount Nemrut provides a great view of the sur rounding

    mountains. The main attraction is to watch the sunrise from the eastern terrace which give the bodyless heads a

    beautiful orange hue and adds to the sense of mystery of the place.

    http://www.flickr.com/photos/borderlyshttp://www.flickr.com/photos/borderlyshttp://www.flickr.com/photos/borderlyshttp://www.flickr.com/photos/borderlys