turkish facts and statistics

8/7/2019 Turkish Facts and Statistics

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Turkish facts and statistics

Below you can find some useful information on the Republic of Turkey . For Passport and Visa informationplease Click Here .

Fl ag

Red with a vertical white crescent (the closed portion is toward the hoist side) and whitefive-pointed star centered just outside the crescent opening . For more info on the Turkish Flag , pleaseClick Here .

Geographic

locati

on

G eography location: South-western Asia (that part west of the B osphorus issometimes included with Europe) , bordering the B lack Sea , between Bulgaria and Georgia , and borderingthe Aegean Sea and the Mediterranean Sea , between Greece and Syria .

Geographic coordinates: 39 00 N , 35 00 E

A r e a

total area: 780 , 580 sq kmland area: 770 , 760 sq kmwater area: 9 , 820 sq kmcomparative area: slightly larger than Texas , or larger than France and UK put together , or 2 . 5 timesbigger than Italy .

Land b o undari e s



total: 2 , 648 kmborder countries: Armenia 268 km , Azerbaijan 9 km , Bulgaria 240 km , Georgia 252 km , Greece 206 km , Iran 499 km , Iraq 352 km , Syria 822 km . Coastline: 7 , 200 km

N am e s

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti ( Turkish long form); Türkiye ( Turkish short form); Republic of Turkey (formal English);Turkey (English short form); Turchia (Italian); Türkei (German); Turkiet (Swedish); Turkije (Dutch); Turkki(Finnish); Turquia (Portuguese); Turquia (Spanish); Turquie (French); Tyrkia (Norwegian); Tyrkiet(Danish); Tyrkland (Icelandic)

M aritim e c laims

Exclusive economic zone: in B lack Sea only - to the maritime boundary agreed upon with the former USSR

Territorial sea: 6 nm in the Aegean Sea , 12 nm in the B lack Sea and in the Mediterranean Sea .

C l imat e

Climate : temperate; hot , dry summers with mild , wet winters; harsher in interior .

Te rrain

Terrain: mostly mountains; narrow coastal plain; high central plateau ( Anatolia )lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 mhighest point: Mount Ararat 5 , 166 mlargest lake : Lake Van 3 , 713 square km

Natural resources: coal , iron ore , copper , chromium , antimony , mercury , gold , barite , borate , celestite(strontium) , emery , feldspar , limestone , magnesite , marble , perlite , pumice , pyrites (sulfur) , clay , arableland , hydropower .

Land us e

arable land: 32%permanent crops: 3%other: 66% (2006)

Envir o nm e nt

International agreements: party to - Air Pollution , Antarctic Treaty , Biodiversity , Desertification , E ndangeredSpecies , Hazardous Wastes , Ozone Layer Protection , Ship Pollution , Wetlands , EnvironmentalModification .



Current issues are: water pollution from dumping of chemicals and detergents; air pollution , particularly inurban areas; deforestation; concern for oil spills from increasing B osphorus ship traffic.

Geo graphic n o te

strategic location controlling the Turkish Straits ( B osphorus , Sea of Marmara , Dardanelles ) that link B lack andAegean Seas . Mount Ararat , the legendary landing place of Noah's Ark , is in the far eastern portion of thecountry , in the city of Agri . The country is divided into 7 fictional geographic regions .

P o pu lati o n

Officially 72 , 561 , 312 as of 1st January 2010 (was 67 , 803 , 927 in 2000) , effectively is around 75 million , average of 94 inhabitants live per square kilometer , 75 . 5% of the total population live in the cities and24 . 5% in villages or small towns in the countryside . I stanbul : 12 , 915 , 158 as of January 2010 (10 , 033 , 478 in 2000) , 17 . 8 % of the total population , 2444 peopleper square kilometer Ankara : 4 , 650 , 802 as of January 2010 (4 , 007 , 860 in 2000) , 6 . 4 % of the total populationIz mir : 3 . 868 . 308 as of January 2010 (3 , 387 , 908 in 2000) , 5 . 3 % of the total population , 316 people per square kilometer B ayburt has the lowest population in Turkey: 74 , 710 (as of January 2010)

A g e structur e

total population: male 36 , 462 , 470 (50 . 3%); female 36 , 098 , 842 (49 , 7%) (as of January 2010)0-14 years: 26 , 3% (male 9 , 570 , 773; female 9 , 071 , 618) (January 2009)15-64 years: 66 . 9% (male 23 , 655 , 657; female 23 , 288 , 033) (January 2009)65 years and over: 7 . 1% (male 2 , 150 , 103; female 2 , 850 , 072)Median age: total 28 . 8 years (male: 28 , 2 years; female: 29 , 3 years) . More than half of the population isunder the median age (as of January 2010)Population growth rate: 1 . 45% (2009)Birth rate: 18 . 7 births/1 , 000 population (2006)Death rate: 6 . 3 deaths/1 , 000 population (2006)Sex ratio:at birth: 1 . 05 male(s)/femaleunder 15 years: 1 . 05 male(s)/female15-64 years: 1 . 01 male(s)/female65 years and over: 0 . 75 male(s)/femaletotal population: 1 . 008 male(s)/female (2008)Infant mortality rate: 26 deaths/1 , 000 live births (2006)Life expectancy at birth:total population: 71 . 5 yearsmale: 69 . 1 yearsfemale: 74 . 0 years (2006)Total fertility rate: 2 . 18 children born/woman (2006)

N ati o na l ity



noun: Turk (s)adjective: TurkishEthnic divisions: Turkish 80% , Kurdish 20%Religions: Muslim 99% (mostly Sunni ), other 1% ( Christian and Jews )Languages: Turkish (official)Literacy: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 87%male: 94 . 3%female: 78 . 7% (2006 est . )

Go ve rnm e nt

( more on government )Conventional long form: Republic of TurkeyConventional short form: Turkey Local long form: Türkiye CumhuriyetiLocal short form: TürkiyeData code: TU or TRType of government : republican parliamentary democracyCapital: Ankara

A dministrativ e divisi o ns

81 provinces (iller , singular - il); Adana , Adiyaman , Afyon , Agri , Aksaray , Amasya , Ankara , Antalya , Ardahan , Artvin , Aydin , B alikesir , B artin , B atman , B ayburt , B ilecik , B ingol , B itlis , B olu , B urdur , B ursa , Canakkale , Cankiri , Corum , Deni z li , Diyarbakir , Duz ce , E dirne , E laz ig , E r z incan , E r z urum , E skisehir , G az iantep , G iresun , G umushane , Hakkari , Hatay , I cel , I gdir , I sparta , I stanbul, Iz mir , Kahramanmaras , Karabuk , Karaman , Kars , Kastamonu , Kayseri , Kilis , Kirikkale , Kirklareli , Kirsehir , Kocaeli , Konya , Kutahya , Malatya , Manisa , Mardin , Mugla , Mus , Nevsehir , Nigde , Ordu , Osmaniye , Riz e , Sakarya , Samsun , Sanliurfa , Siirt , Sinop , Sirnak , Sivas , Tekirdag , Tokat , Trab z on , Tunceli , Usak , Van , Yalova , Yo z gat , Zonguldak

Ind e p e nd e nc e

I ndependence : 29 October 1923 (successor state to the Ottoman E mpire )National holiday : Anniversary of the Declaration of the Republic , 29 October (1923)Constitution : 7 November 1982 , amended on 17 October 2001 by TB MM

Le ga l syst e m

derived from various European legal systems; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction , with reservations .

Member of the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR)

Suffrag e

18 years of age; universal .

Ex e cutiv e branch

C hi e f o f stat e



President Abdullah G UL (ex-presidents were Ahmet Necdet S E ZE R , Suleyman D E M I R E L) was elected in August 2007 for a five-year term (used to be seven years before 2007) by the National Assembly . (note:with the new articles of the Constitution , next President will be elected by the public vote . )

H e ad o f g o ve rnm e nt

Head of government : Prime Minister Recep Tayyip E RDO G AN (ex-premieres were Abdullah G UL and B ulentE CE VIT) re-elected by universal suffrage and appointed by the President in July 2007 .

N ati o na l S e curity C o unci l

Advisory body to the President and the cabinet

C abin e t

Council of Ministers appointed by the President on nomination of the prime minister

Le gis lativ e branch: unicam e ra l

Grand National Assembly of Turkey: ( Turkiye B uyuk Millet Meclisi ), abbrev . TBMM (550 seats; membersare elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)

J udicia l branch

Constitutional Court , judges appointed by the President ; High Court of Appeals (Yargitay) and Council of State (Danistay) , judges are elected by the Supreme Council of Judges and Prosecutors . Court of

Accounts (Sayistay); Military High Court of Appeals; Military High Administrative Court .

P o litica l pr e ssur e gr o ups

Confederation of Public Sector Unions or KESK; Confederation of Revolutionary Workers Unions or DISK; Independent Industrialists' and Businessmen's Association or MUSIAD ; Moral Rights WorkersUnion or Hak-Is; Turkish Industrialists' and Businessmen's Association or TUSIAD; Turkish Confederationof Employers' Unions or TISK; Turkish Confederation of Labor or Turk-Is; Turkish Confederation of Tradesmen and Craftsmen or TESK; Turkish Union of Chambers of Commerce and CommodityExchanges or TOBB .

Int e rnati o na l o rganizati o n participati o n

AsDB , Australia Group , BIS , BSEC , CE , CERN (observer) , EAPC , EBRD , ECO , EU (applicant) , FAO ,

IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC , ICFTU , ICRM, IDA, IDB, IEA, IFAD , IFC , IFRCS , IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol , IOC , IOM (observer) , ISO , ITU, NATO , NEA, NSG , OAS (observer) , OECD , OIC , OPCW , OSCE , PCA , UN, UNCTAD , UNESCO , UNHCR , UNIDO , UNMIK, UNMIL, UNMISET , UNOMIG , UNRWA , UPU , WCO , WEU (associate) , WFTU , WHO , WIPO , WMO, WToO , WTrO , ZC .

Ec o n o mic o ve rvi ew



Turkey 's dynamic economy is a complex mix of modern industry and commerce along with a traditionalagriculture sector that in 2004 still accounted for 34% of employment . It has a strong and rapidly growingprivate sector , yet the state still plays a major role in basic industry , banking , transport , andcommunication . Its most important industry and largest exporter is textiles and clothing , which is almostentirely in private hands . The economic situation in recent years has been marked by rapid growthcoupled with partial success in implementing structural reform measures . Inflation declined to 8 . 4% in2007 , down from 99% in 1997 , but the public sector fiscal deficit probably remained near 10% of GDPdue in large part to interest payments which accounted for 40% of central government spending in 2003 . The government enacted a new tax law and speeded up privatization in 1998 but made no progress onbadly needed social security reform . Ankara is trying to increase trade with other countries in the regionyet most of Turkey's trade is still with OECD countries . Despite the implementation in January 1996 of aCustoms Union with the EU , foreign direct investment in the country remains low - about $1 billionannually . Results in 2002-04 improved , because of strong financial support from the IMF and tighter fiscalpolicy . A major political and economic issue over the next decade is whether or not Turkey will become amember of the EU . But further economic and judicial reforms and prospective EU membership areexpected to boost Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) . Privatization sales are currently approaching $21billion (2007) .

GD P

GDP (Total): $402 . 7 billion (2006)GDP: purchasing power parity - $551 . 6 billion (2005 est . )GDP growth rate: 10 . 7% (2006)GDP per capita: $5 , 482 (2006)GDP composition by sector:agriculture : 9 . 7%industry: 26 . 8%manufacturing: 22 . 2%services: 63 . 5% (2006)

(consumer prices): 94% (1995) , 90% (1997) , 75% (1998) , 68% (1999) , 45% (2000) , 90% (2001) , 31%(2002) , 11% (2004) , 7 . 72% (2005) , 5 . 9% (2007)Investment (gross fixed): 15 . 5% of GDP (2004 est . )Population below poverty line: 20 , 5% (2007) , (20% in 2005) , 18% in 2001)Household income or consumption by percentage share: 70 . 7% of GDP (2006)lowest 10%: 2 . 3%highest 10%: 32 . 3% (1994)Distribution of family income: 44 (2002)Labor force: 24 . 7 million (2005 est . )by occupation: agriculture 35 . 9% , services 22 . 8% , industry 41 . 2% (2004)note: about 3 million Turks work abroad (2005) , mostly in Germany

Unemployment rate: 10 . 7% (plus underemployment of 3 , 5%) (2008 March)Employment Rate: 42 , 1 (2007 March)

B udg e t

revenues: $93 . 58 billionexpenditures: $115 . 3 billion , including capital expenditures of NA (2005 est . )public debt: 67 . 5% of GDP (2005 est . )



Industries: textiles , food processing , autos , mining (coal , chromate , copper , boron) , steel , petroleum , construction , lumber , paper . Industrial production growth rate: 8 . 5% (2004 est . )

A gricu ltur e

Main products: tobacco , cotton , grain , olives , sugar beets , pulses , citrus , livestockIllicit drugs: major transit route for Southwest Asian heroin and hashish to Western Europe and the USAvia air , land , and sea routes; government maintains strict controls over areas of legal opium poppycultivation and output of poppy straw concentrate .

Agricultural land: 391 . 219 sq km - 50 . 12% of the land area (2008)Forest area: 211 . 887 sq km - 27% of the land area (2004)

E le ctricity

220 Voltscapacity: 18 , 710 , 000 kW

production: 191 . 2 billion kWh (2007 est . )consumption: 140 . 3 billion kWh (2005)export: 1 . 8 billion kWh (2005 est . )imports: 636 million kWh (2005 est . )

Oi l

production: 50 , 000 bbl/day (2005 est . )consumption: 715 , 100 bbl/day (2005 est . )exports: 46 , 110 bbl/day (2001)imports: 616 , 500 bbl/day (2001)proved reserves: 288 . 4 million bbl (1 January 2002)

N atura l gas

production: 980 million cu m (2005 est . )consumption: 27 . 3 billion cu m (2005 est . )exports: 0 cu m (2005 est . )imports: 15 . 75 billion cu m (2001 est . )proved reserves: 8 . 685 billion cu m (1 January 2002)

C urr e nt acc o unt ba lanc e

$-32 . 77 billion (2007)Exports: $105 . 9 billion f . o . b . (2007)Commodities: apparel , foodstuffs , textiles , metal manufactures , transport equipment . Partners: Germany 13 . 9% , UK 8. 8% , US 7 . 7% , Italy 7 . 4% , France 5 . 8% , Spain 4 . 2% (2004)Imports: $137 billion c . i. f . (2006)Commodities: machinery , chemicals , semi-finished goods , fuels , transport equipment . Partners: Germany 12 . 9% , Russia 9 . 3% , Italy 7 . 1% , France 6 . 4% , US 4 . 8% , China 4 . 6% , UK 4. 4% (2004)External debt: $247 . 2 billion (2007)Reserves of foreign exchange & gold: $60 . 7 billion (2006)



Ec o n o mic aid

recipient: ODA , $635 . 8 million (2002)note: aid for Gulf war efforts from coalition allies (1991) $4 . 1 billion; aid pledged for Turkish Defense Fund$2 . 5 billion; aid for Iraqi war (2003) approx . $8 . 5 billion .

C urr e ncy

Turkish Lira - TL (formerly New Turkish lira - YTL)

Exchange rates: USD 1 = 1 . 52 TL , Euro 1 = 1 . 93 TL (as of 12 May 2010) . As of 01/01/2005 , six zeroes are dropped from the old TL by the Law , which made 1 . 000 . 000 TL equal to1 YTL. Both TL and YTL banknotes were in physical circulation for one year in 2005 and the old TLbanknotes are withdrawn from circulation as of 1 January 2006 . As of 1st of January 2009 , "Yeni" (New)is dropped off from the name of the currency and YTL is now called TL (Turkish Lira) again .

Some previous rates: US$ 1 = 1 , 420 , 000 (Dec . 2004) , 1 , 670 , 000 (Jan . 2003) , 1 , 400 , 000 (Feb . 2002) ,

538 , 000 (Jan 2000) , 420 , 000 (Jul 1999) , 270 , 000 (July 1998) , 175 , 000 (October 1997) , 60 , 502 . 1 (January1996) , 45 , 845 . 1 (1995) , 29 , 608 . 7 (1994) , 10 , 984 . 6 (1993) , 6 , 872 . 4 (1992) , 4 , 171 . 8 (1991)

Fiscal year: calendar year

Transp o rtati o n

Rai lw ays

total: 10 , 991 km (2007)gauge: 8 , 717 km standard + 2 , 274 km electrified (2007)New high-speed train tracks are under construction between I stanbul -Ankara

total passenger capacity: 108,

330 (2007)capacity of Freight Wagons: 691 , 634 tons (2007)

H igh w ays

( Detailed Road Map ) total: 354 , 421 kmpaved: 140 , 850 km (including 1 , 987 km of expressways) (2006)unpaved: 207 , 017 km (2002)Waterways: about 1 , 200 km (2003)Pipelines: gas 3 , 177 km; oil 3 , 562 km (2003)Ports: Gemlik , Hopa , I skenderun , I stanbul , Iz mir , Iz mit , Mersin , Samsun , Trab z on

M e rchant marin e

total: 526 ships (1 , 000 GRT or over) 4 , 666 , 895 GRT/7 , 311 , 504 DWTships by type: bulk carrier 108 , cargo 228 , chemical tanker 45 , combination ore/oil 1 , container 25 , liquefied gas 6 , passenger 5 , passenger/cargo 50 , petroleum tanker 33 , refrigerated cargo 2 , roll on/rolloff 22 , specialized tanker 1



foreign-owned: 8 (Cyprus 3 , Denmark 2 , Greece 1 , Italy 1 , Switzerland 1)registered in other countries: 231 (2005 est . )

A irp o rts

total: 120 (2004 est . ) (88 with paved runways and 32 with unpaved runways)with paved runways over 3 047 m: 15with paved runways 2 438 to 3 046 m: 32with paved runways 1 524 to 2 437 m: 19with paved runways 914 to 1 523 m: 18with paved runways under 914 m: 4with unpaved runways over 3 047 m: 1with unpaved runways 2 438 to 3 046 m: 1with unpaved runways 1 524 to 2 437 m: 2with unpaved runways 914 to 1 523 m: 8with unpaved runways under 914 m: 20 (2005 est . )Heliports: 16 (2005 est . )

C o mmunicati o ns

Country code : 90Telephones: 18 , 978 , 223 (2005)Telephone system: fair domestic and international systems , area codes Mobile Phones: GSM 63 , 900 , 000 approximately (June 2008) , three nets; Turkcell , Vodafone (ex-Telsim) ,

Avea (Aria and Aycell have merged)domestic: trunk microwave radio relay network; limited open-wire networkinternational: international service is provided by three submarine fiber-optic cables in the Mediterranean and B lack Seas , linking Turkey with Italy , Greece , Israel , Bulgaria , Romania , and Russia; also by 12Intelsat earth stations , and by 328 mobile satellite terminals in the Inmarsat and Eutelsat systems (2002) .

Turkey has four communication satellites; Turksat 1B (31 . 3 degrees East , not operative since 2006) , Turksat 1C (31 . 3 degrees East) , Turksat 2A (42 degrees East) , and Turksat 3A (42 degrees East) . Radio broadcast stations: 36 National , 102 Regional , 955 Local , a total of 1 , 093 (2005)Radios: 19 . 4 million (1997 est . )Television broadcast stations: 24 National , 17 Regional , 218 Local , a total of 259 (2005)Internet country code: . tr Internet hosts: 355 , 215 (2004)Internet users: approx . 20 million in 2008 (5 . 5 million in 2003 , 8 . 5 million in 2005)

De f e ns e

Branches: Turkish Armed Forces (TSK): Land Forces , Naval Forces Command (includes Naval Air and

Naval Infantry) , Air Force , Coast Guard Command , Gendarmerie (Jandarma)Manpower availability:males age 15-49: 16 , 756 , 323 (2005 est . )males fit for military service: 13 , 905 , 901 (2005 est . )males reach military age (20) annually: 679 , 734 (2005 est . )Defense expenditures: $10 . 1 billion (2004) , 3 . 2% of GDP (2005)

turkish facts and statistics

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