tut-7 introduction to smart grid and distributed energy resources standards by ieee...

Tut-7 Introduction to Smart Grid and Distributed Energy Resources Standards by IEEE SCC21 (Half Day – morning)

October 26, 2015 T. Basso (TB), Chair: IEEE SCC21, IEEE P1547 and IEEE P1547.1 M. Siira (MS), IEEE 2030.2 Working Group Chair and IEEE P1547 Committee Vice Chair C. Vartanian (CV), IEEE 2030.2 Working Group Secretary and IEEE P1547 Committee Secretary and Treasurer

MODULE 1) INTRODUCTION — IEEE STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT

MODULE 2) LISTING OF IEEE 1547™ DISTRIBUTED ENERGY RESOURCES (DER) INTERCONNECTION SERIES

MODULE 3) LISTING OF IEEE SCC21 2030™ SMART GRID SERIES

MODULE 4) USING THE PUBLISHED IEEE 2030 STANDARDS (2030 AND 2030.2)

MODULE 5) USING THE PUBLISHED IEEE 1547 & 1547.X STANDARDS

MODULE 6) STATUS OF ONGOING FULL REVISION OF IEEE 1547 AND 1547.1: DER INTERCONNECTION INTEROPERABILITY, AND INTERFACES

MODULE 7) CLOSING REMARKS; GETTING INVOLVED; AND DISCUSSION

10/22/2015 2

WORKSHOP OUTLINE

MODULE 1) INTRODUCTION — IEEE STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT, 20 MIN, TB

IEEE Standards Coordinating Committee 21: SCC21 “Fuel Cells, Photovoltaics, Dispersed Generation, and Energy Storage”

• SCC21 scope, purpose, and officers • Overview of standards development by SCC21 • DER and Smart Grid interconnection and interoperability

3

IEEE-SA Standards Board • Encourages and coordinates the development and revision • of all IEEE standards • Approves the initiation of IEEE standards projects • Reviews IEEE standards projects for consensus, due process,

openness, and balance • Gives final approval to IEEE standards prior to publication

and processes all necessary appeals.

Standards Coordinating Committees (SCC) IEEE-SA Standards Board will establish its own standards developing committees (SCC’s) when necessary, e.g., when the scope of an activity is too broad to be encompassed in a single IEEE Society, an SCC may be formed.

An SCC reports directly to the Standards Board; there are over 15 SCC committee’s.

SCC21 has been operating since 1981

4

IEEE Standards Association Standards Board Standards Coordinating Committee 21 (SCC 21)

Fuel cells, Photovoltaics, Dispersed Generation, and Energy Storage (operating since 1981)

IEEE SCC21 – Scope and Purpose

The IEEE Standards Coordinating Committee 21 oversees the development of standards in the areas of fuel cells, photovoltaics, dispersed generation, and energy storage, and coordinates efforts in these fields among the various IEEE societies and other affected organizations to insure that all standards are consistent and properly reflect the views of all applicable disciplines. Reviews all proposed IEEE standards in these fields before their submission to the IEEE-SA Standards Board for approval and coordinates submission to other organizations. 5 5

IEEE SCC21 Officers/Committee (http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/scc21/index.html) T. S. Basso – SCC21 Chair and Secretary; NREL R. DeBlasio – SCC21 Emeritus and Founding Chair; Member IEEE Standards Association; IEEE SA Liaison to U.S. DOE M. Kipness – IEEE Staff SCC21 Standards Liaison IEEE SA SCC21 Committee • T. Basso (SCC21 Chair; P1547 and P1547.1 Chair; 1547 & 2030 secretary,1547.8 Chair, 1547a Chair; 1547.1a Co-Chair; 2030.2 Vice Chair; NREL) • R. DeBlasio (Chair 1547, 2030) • D. Bassett (Vice Chair 1547.2; Co-Chair P1547.8; retired PPL Electric Utilities) • J. Bzura (Vice Chair P1547.6; retired U.S. National Grid) • J. Daley (Chair 1547.1; 1547a Co-Chair (Consultant, retired ASCO Power Technologies) • D. Dawson (PES; consultant; retired Southern California Edison Corp.) • F. Goodman (Chair 1547.3; 1547 co-chair; San Diego Gas & Electric Corp.) • K. Hecht (Fuel Cells) • Y. Hou, Chair P2030.3 (China Electric Power Research Institute/State Grid China Corporation) • G. Johnson (PES Power Systems Relay Committee; retired Basler Electric Co.) • J. Koepfinger (Chair 1547.6; 1547 Co-chair; SA Member Emeritus (retired Duquesne Power & Light) • B. Kroposki (Chair 1547.4; NREL) • Xiaolin Li Chair, P2030.2.1 (China Southern Power Grid, Co. Ltd.) • Wenpeng Luan (China Electric Power Research Institute) • P. McNutt (Chair PV Storage/Batteries) • T. Prevost (Vice Chair 2030; Weidmann Diagnostic Solutions, Inc.) • C. Rogers (NERC standards; Consumers Energy) • R. Saint (Chair 1547.2 and P1547.7; retired National Rural Electric Cooperative Assoc) • M. Siira (Chair P2030.2; ComRentCorp) • T. Zgonena (UL Liaison; UL)

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IEEE Standards Development Lifecycle

Standards Process Overview: http://standards.ieee.org/develop/overview.html

Idea !

Project Authorization Request (PAR)

approved

WG develops the draft standard

Sponsor ballot

IEEE-SASB approves

the standard

Standard is published

Sponsor agrees to revise the standard

Standard withdrawn by the Sponsor

or the IEEE-SASB

Archive

Maximum of 10 years

Maximum of 4 years

7

http://standards.ieee.org/develop/overview.html



IEEE Standards are Classified As: • Standards: documents specifying

mandatory requirements (shall)

• Recommended Practice: documents in which procedures and positions preferred by the IEEE are presented (should)

• Guide: documents that furnish information -- e.g., provide alternative approaches for good practice, suggestions stated but no clear-cut recommendations are made (may)

8 8

Interconnecting Distributed Energy Resources

Traditionally the power system was viewed as 7 layers; each performing its function from central station generation supplying power out to customers/loads. 9

10

Grid Modernization

Traditional Electric Grid…

Power park

Hydrogen Storage

Industrial DG

Modern Electricity Choices …

Combined Heat and Power

PV

Wind Farms

Rooftop Photovoltaics

Remote Loads

Load as a resource

Fuel Cells

Smart Substation EV’s

Utility Scale

10

Smart Grid Concepts: Interconnection (1547) & Interoperability (2030) System of Systems Approach

Interoperability: the capability of two or more networks, systems, devices, applications, or components to externally exchange and readily use information securely and effectively. (Std 2030)

Smart Grid: the integration of power, communications, & information technologies for an improved electric power infrastructure serving loads while providing for an ongoing evolution of end-use applications. (Std 2030)

11

MODULE 2. LISTING OF IEEE 1547™ DISTRIBUTED ENERGY RESOURCES (DER) INTERCONNECTION SERIES (25M, CV, TB)

• Background; 1547 standards use, e.g., in U.S.A. • IEEE Std 1547 and Amendment 1: DER interconnection and interconnection tests • IEEE Std 1547.1 and Amendment 1: Interconnection equipment test procedures • IEEE Std 1547.2: Guide to 1547 • IEEE Std 1547.3: Monitoring, information exchange and control (MIC) for DER • IEEE Std 1547.4: Planned DER islands/microgrids • IEEE Std 1547.6: DER on distribution secondary networks • IEEE Std 1547.7: DER impact studies • IEEE P1547.8: Expanded use of IEEE 1547 • Full revision of 1547 and 1547.1 (interconnection, interoperability and interfaces

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NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY

• Energy Policy Act (2005) Cites and requires consideration of IEEE 1547 Standards and Best Practices for Interconnection; all states use or cite 1547. • Energy Independence and Security Act (2007) IEEE cited as a standards development organization partner to NIST as Lead to coordinate framework and roadmap for Smart Grid Interoperability standards and protocols {IEEE 1547 & 2030 series being expanded}; • Federal ARRA (2009) Smart Grid & High Penetration DER projects {use IEEE stds}.

13

Putting the Pieces Together: Standards, Testing, and Implementation

14

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IEEE 1547 Interconnection Standards Use in USA

** Articles: 480 Storage Batteries ; 692 Fuel Cell Systems; 694 Wind Electric Systems (NEC info. based on NEC 2011)

**

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1-2-3 Overview, Definitions, References 4.0 Interconnection Technical Specifications and Requirements: . General Requirements . Response to Area EPS Abnormal Conditions . Power Quality . Islanding 5.0 Interconnection Test Specifications and Requirements: . DesignTests . Production Tests . Interconnection Installation Evaluation . Commissioning Tests . Periodic Interconnection Tests

ANSI/IEEE Standard 1547 (2003, reaffirmed 2008; Amendment 1 2014)

17 17

18

1547: Interconnection Is The Focus

Distributed

Resource

(DR)

unit

Area

Electric

Power

System

(EPS)

Interconnection

System

Note: P1547 full revision started in

year 2015 is also addressing

interoperability and interfaces

IEEE Std 1547 covers: - INTERCONNECTION TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS & REQUIREMENTS - INTERCONNECTION TEST SPECIFICATIONS & REQUIREMENTS

18

19

A Technical Standard – Functional Requirements For • the interconnection itself • the interconnection test

Technology neutral, e.g., does not specify particular equipment nor type A single (whole) document of mandatory, uniform, universal, requirements that apply at the PCC. Should be sufficient for most installations.

IEEE 1547 IS:

IEEE 1547 Is NOT:

• a design handbook • an application guide • an interconnection agreement • prescriptive, e.g., does not address DR self-protection, nor planning, designing, operating, or maintaining the Area EPS.

IEEE 1547.1 is: Test Procedures for

Conformance to1547 19

NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY

IEEE Std 1547 {2003/2014}

20

4.0 INTERCONNECTION TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS AND REQUIREMENTS

4.1 General Requirements 4.2 Response to Area EPS Abnormal Conditions 4.3 Power Quality 4.4 Islanding

5.0 INTERCONNECTION TEST SPECIFICATIONS AND REQUIREMENTS

5.1 Design Test 5.2 Production Tests 5.3 Interconnection Installation Evaluation 5.4 Commissioning Tests 5.5 Periodic Interconnection Tests

ANNEX A (INFORMATIVE) BIBLIOGRAPHY 20

21

4.1.1 Voltage Regulation

… DER allowed to change its output of active and reactive power. 4.2.3 (Response to abnormal grid …) Voltage …. DER allowed to “ride through” abnormalities of grid voltage; … grid and DER operators can mutually agree to other voltage trip and clearing time settings 4.2.4 (Response to abnormal grid …) Frequency … DER allowed to provide modulated power output as a function of frequency … … grid and DER operators can mutually agree to other frequency trip and clearing time settings

IEEE Std 1547a – Amendment 1, May 2014 (Amendment 1: revisions to 4.1.1, 4.2.3, and 4.2.4)

IEEE Std 1547.1 (2005; reaffirmed 2011; Amendment 1 -- 2014)

1547.1 Figure 1 - Boundaries between the interconnection system, EPS and DR.

Energy Conversion

(Inverter , Converter)

Generator(Induction,

Synchronous)

Area EPSor

Local EPS

System Control(Output Levels, Start/Stop, etc.)

Electrical Protection(abnormal protection)

Steady-State Control(V, I, W, VAR, pf)

Distributed Resource

(DR)(Internal Combustion,

Photovoltaics, Wind, Fuel Cell, Turbine, Storage, etc.)

Interconnection System (ICS)

Ancillary Equipment

22

… Standard for Conformance Test Procedures …specifies the type, production, and commissioning tests that shall be performed to demonstrate that interconnection functions and equipment of a distributed resource (DR) conform to IEEE Std 1547.

22

23

IEEE Std 1547.1 Conformance Test Procedures … … this standard specifies the type, production, and commissioning tests that shall be performed to demonstrate that interconnection functions and equipment of a distributed resource (DR) conform to IEEE Std 1547.

…

5.0 Type (Design) Tests 5.1 Temperature Stability 5.2 Response to Abnormal Voltage 5.3 Response to Abnormal Frequency 5.4 Synchronization 5.5 Interconnection Integrity 5.6 DC injection

6 - Production Tests

7 - Commissioning Tests

• Verification and Inspections

• Field Conducted type and Production Tests

5.7 Unintentional Islanding 5.8 Reverse Power 5.9 Cease to Energize Functionality and Loss of Phase 5.10 Reconnect Time 5.11 Harmonics 5.12 Flicker

IEEE Std 1547.1a -- Amendment 1 [March 2015]

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New type tests: 5.3 (DER real power output variation as a function of frequency); and 5.13 Voltage regulation (next slide)

------------------- ----------------------- 5.3 Response to abnormal frequency conditions Insert new subclauses (into IEEE Std 1547.1)

5.3.3 Real power reduction test where the EUT responds to over frequency The manufacturer shall specify the response characteristics of the EUT real power reduction in response to over-frequency events 5.3.4 Real power increase test where the EUT responds to under frequency The manufacturer shall specify the response characteristics of the EUT real power increase in response to under-frequency events.

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IEEE Std 1547.1a (Mar. 2015 -- Amendment 1 to 1547.1)

New type test …5.13 Voltage regulation … four categories of voltage regulation testing … each applicable to: static power inverters/converters, induction machines, and synchronous machines. - Where the EUT responds to variations in voltage the manufacturer shall specify the response characteristics. - Where the EUT responds to communicated settings the manufacturer shall specify the protocol, means of communications and the response characteristics. - Where the EUT responds to a time schedule the manufacturer shall specify the response characteristics. - Where the reactive power output of the EUT changes with respect to real power output, the manufacturer shall specify the response characteristics.

P1547.1a Annex A. 5 Power variation test (step-wise ramp function) – general Figure A.6 -- Graphical representation of power variation test -- using step-wise ramp function with n = 4

New annex for: 5.3 Real power variation test (over/under frequency)

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IEEE Std 1547.2 (application guide to IEEE 1547) … background and rationale of {IEEE 1547-2003} technical requirements are discussed… Presented ... are technical descriptions, schematics, applications guidance, and interconnection examples to enhance the use of IEEE 1547...

Figure A.1 – Functional diagram of an interconnection system

Interconnection system (within dashed lines)

Local EPS protective relaying

DR unit electric generator

Area EPS protective relaying

Area EPS power system ( g rid)

DR control

DR monitoring/ metering

Point of common coupling

Meter

Power conversion, DR protective relaying, DR

paralleling switch

Dispatch and control

Power distribution

DC loads

TAT Unit (heat recovery,

cooling, storage)

TAT unit (heat recovery, cooling,

storage)

Thermal loads

Power flow

Thermal flow Operational control

AC loads

Transfer switch or paralleling switchgear

Area EPS

DR unit (Prime movers,

generator, storage

26

IEEE Std 1547.3 MIC for DR … guidelines for MIC (monitoring, information exchange, and control) for DR

(distributed resources) interconnected with electric power systems (EPS).

4. General information about monitoring, information exchange and control (MIC)

4.1 Interoperability 4.2 Performance 4.3 Open Systems Approach 4.4 Extensibility

5. Data exchange guidelines based on 4.1.6 of IEEE 1547 6. Business and operation processes 7. Information exchange model 8. Protocol Issues 9. Security guidelines for DR implementation Annexes (informative) – e.g., includes sample use cases and

sample information exchange agreement .

4.5 Automatic Configuration Management 4.6 Information Modeling 4.7 Protocols

27 27

IEEE Std 1547.3 Guide for MIC for DR … guidelines for monitoring, information exchange, and control (MIC) for distributed resources (DR) interconnected with electric power systems (EPS).

Matter of Packaging

PCC

Point of DRConnection DR

Controller

Point of LoadConnection

Area EPS Operator DR Operator DR MaintainerDR Aggregator

BuildingEMS

LegendInterconnection Info Path (focus of this guide)Local Info Path (not addressed in this guide)Electric Path (not addressed in this guide)

DRUnit

DRUnit

… DRUnit Load

Local EPS

Information Exchange Interface (IEI)

Area EPS

IEEE Std 1547.3 Figure 1 Reference diagram for information exchange.

Also - see Annex G: Information Exchange Agreement Template

28

1547.3 Annex G – Sample Information Exchange Agreement Information Exchange Agreement (IEA) template: a framework to capture the specification of technology and processes needed to support interoperable interactions between parties in the use of a DR unit.

• 1. Introduction • 2. Theory of Operation Overview • 3. Shared Ontology • 4. Message Structure • 5. Interface Services and

Collaboration Agreements • 5.1. Business (Workflow)

Message Definitions • 5.2. Choreography Rules

(order/sequence of messages in a transaction)

• 5.3. Transaction Services • 5.4. Resource Identification

• 5.5. Resource Registration and Discovery

• 5.6. Data and Time Formats • 5.7. Time Synchronization • 5.8. Security Agreements • 5.9. Expected Standalone

Behavior • 6. Performance Requirements

and Constraints • 7. Communication Protocol

Profile • 8. Version Compatibility • 9. Miscellaneous • 10. Example Usage 29

IEEE Std 1547.4 Guide for Design, Operation, and Integration of Distributed Resource Island Systems with Electric Power Systems

30

Scope. This document provides alternative approaches and good practices for the design, operation, and integration of distributed resource (DR) island systems with electric power systems (EPS). This includes the ability to separate from and reconnect to part of the area EPS while providing power to the islanded local EPSs. This guide includes the distributed resources, interconnection systems, and participating electric power systems.

Purpose. This guide is intended to be used by EPS designers, operators, system integrators, and equipment manufacturers. The document is intended to provide an introduction, overview and address engineering concerns of DR island systems. It is relevant to the design, operation, and integration of DR island systems. Implementation of this guide will expand the benefits of using DR by targeting improved electric power system reliability and build upon the interconnection requirements of IEEE 1547.

IEEE Std 1547.4 (micro-grids/planned DER Islands) E.g., DER (generation and energy storage) technologies are integrated with all others including the grid technologies to form Micro-grids (planned islands; includes – load management, voltage & VAR control, active participation.)

Substation Bus Island

Bus

Substation Feeds

Step-Down Transformers

(open for substation

island)

L

(open for substation bus island)

Circuit Island

(open for facility island)

N.C.

N.C.N.C.

L L

Adjacent Circuit

N.O. (closed for adjacent circuit island)

Lateral island

(open for circuit island)

Facility Island

Substation Island

Adjacent Circuit Island

Open for lateral island

L

Legend

Distributed Generator

Breaker

Recloser

Load

CB1

RC1CB3

CB4

CB5

CB6

RC2

LCB2

Secondary Island

Figure 1 – Examples

of DR island systems

31

1547.6 Figure 4 – Illustrative example of DR output limited by a control system

IEEE 1547.6 (2011) Recommended Practice for Interconnecting Distributed Resources With Electric Power Systems Distribution Secondary Networks

32

1547.7 Guide to Conducting Distribution Impact Studies for Distributed Resource Interconnection

Purpose The creation of IEEE Std 1547 “Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems” has led to the increased adoption of distributed resources (DR) throughout distribution systems. This document describes a methodology for performing engineering studies of the potential impact of a distributed resource interconnected to an area electric power distribution system. Study scope and extent are described as functions of identifiable characteristics of the distributed resource, the area electric power system, and the interconnection. Criteria are described for determining the necessity of impact mitigation.

33

Scope This recommended practice applies to the requirements set forth in IEEE Std 1547 and provides recommended methods that may expand the usefulness and utilization of IEEE Std 1547 through the identification of innovative designs, processes, and operational procedures.

P1547.8 Draft Recommended Practice for Establishing Methods and Procedures that Provide Supplemental Support for Implementation Strategies for Expanded Use of IEEE Standard 1547

Purpose. The purpose of the methods and procedures provided in this recommended practice is to provide more flexibility in determining the design and processes used in expanding the implementation strategies used for interconnecting distributed resources with electric power systems. Further, based on IEEE Std 1547 requirements, the purpose of this recommended practice is to provide the knowledge base, experience, and opportunities for greater utilization of the interconnection and its applications.

34

35

IEEE P1547 (Full Revision) Project Authorization Approved by the IEEE SASB on March 27, 2014

Title: Draft Standard for Interconnection and Interoperability of Distributed Energy Resources with Associated Electric Power Systems Interfaces. Scope: This standard establishes criteria and requirements for interconnection of distributed energy resources (DER) with electric power systems (EPS), and associated interfaces.* Purpose: This document provides a uniform standard for the interconnection and interoperability of distributed energy resources (DER) with electric power systems (EPS). It provides requirements relevant to the interconnection and interoperability performance, operation, and testing, and, safety, maintenance and security considerations. Note: Interfaces and interoperability and related terms are defined and described in IEEE Std 2030

35

P1547 Revision: Draft Standard for Interconnection and Interoperability of Distributed Energy Resources with Associated Electric Power Systems Interfaces.

36

• Build from existing Std 1547 document structure • Incorporate revisions based on existing 1547 series • Address additional criteria and requirements based on approaches of Std

2030 and P2030.2, including interoperability, and, associated interfaces

Scope: This standard establishes criteria and requirements for interconnection of distributed energy resources (DER) with electric power systems (EPS), and associated interfaces. Note: Interfaces defined in IEEE 2030: “a logical interconnection from one entity to another that supports one or more data flows implemented with one or more data links.

Purpose: This document provides a uniform standard for the interconnection and interoperability of distributed energy resources (DER) with electric power systems (EPS). It provides requirements relevant to the interconnection and interoperability performance, operation, and testing, and, safety, maintenance and security considerations.

36

37

IEEE P1547.1 (Full Revision) Project Authorization Approved by the IEEE SASB December 2014

Title: Draft Standard Conformance Test Procedures for Equipment Interconnecting Distributed Energy Resources with Electric Power Systems and Associated Interfaces Scope: This standard specifies the type, production, commissioning and periodic tests, and evaluations that shall be performed to confirm that the interconnection and interoperation functions of equipment and systems interconnecting distributed energy resources with the electric power system conform to IEEE Std 1547. Purpose: Interconnection equipment that connects distributed energy resources (DER) to an electric power system (EPS) shall meet the requirements specified in IEEE Standard 1547. Standardized test and evaluation procedures are necessary to establish and verify compliance with those requirements. These test procedures shall provide both repeatable results, independent of test location, and flexibility to accommodate a variety of DER technologies and functions.

MODULE 3) LISTING OF IEEE SCC21 2030™ SMART GRID SERIES, 20 MIN, MS

• Background • IEEE Std 2030™ Smart Grid Interoperability • IEEE P2030.1™ (Draft) Guide for Electric-Sourced Transportation Infrastructure • IEEE Std 2030.2™ Energy Storage Systems Interoperability • IEEE P2030.2.1™ (Draft) Design, and O & M of Battery Energy Storage Systems • IEEE P2030.1™ (Draft) Electric-Sourced Transportation Infrastructure • IEEE P2030.3™ (Draft) Test Procedures for Electric Energy Storage Equipment and Systems • IEEE P2030.9™ (Draft) Planning and Design of the Microgrid

38

Smart Grid Interoperability Open Systems Interconnect Reference Model

Layering simplifies the task of replacing one communication technology with an

alternate technology

39

Smart Grid Interoperability

Interoperability: the capability of two or more networks, systems, devices, applications, or components to externally exchange and readily use information securely & effectively. (Std 2030)

Smart Grid: the integration of power, communications, and information technologies for an improved electric power infrastructure serving loads while providing for an ongoing evolution of end-use applications. (Std 2030)

40

• 2030 (2011) Guide for Smart Grid Interoperability of Energy Technology and Information Technology Operation with the Electric Power System and End-Use Applications and Loads • P2030.1 Draft Guide for Electric-Sourced Transportation Infrastructure • 2030.2 (2015) Guide for Energy Storage Systems Interoperability with Electric Power Infrastructure 2030.2.1 Draft Guide for Design, Operation, and Maintenance of Battery Energy Storage Systems, both Stationary and Mobile, and Applications Integrated with Electric Power Systems • P2030.3 Draft Standard for Test Procedures for Electric Energy Storage Equipment and Systems for Electric Power Systems Applications P2030.9 Draft Recommended Practice for the Planning and Design of the Microgrid

IEEE 2030 Series: Smart Grid Interoperability

41

IEEE Std 2030 Smart Grid Interoperability Provides a knowledge base addressing terminology, characteristics, and smart grid functional performance. Establishes the 2030 SGIRMTM - Smart Grid Interoperability Reference Model; inherently allows extensibility, scalability, & upgradeability.

• SGIRM defines three integrated architectural perspectives: (IAP’s) -- PS-IAP: power systems; CT-IAP: communications technology, and IT-IAP: information technology. • SGIRM emphasis is on functional interfaces: logical connections (PS and CT); and data flows (IT). • SGIRM defines Classification of Data Flow Characteristics (Table 5-1*), and, design templates (e.g., Annex D-1 Interface Template*) for establishing power perspective interoperability needs and for identifying and integrating information/communication technology protocols, standards, etc. (… reliability/security/cyber, quality of service, connection medium). * See Backup slides

42

Smart Grid Interoperability of DER with EPS IEEE 2030-2011 - Guide for Smart Grid Interoperability

- More commonality and completeness in power systems, communications and information technologies requirements to communicate effectively and transfer meaningful data

- Logical, functional considerations for interfaces & data flows relating to Smart Grid interoperability of PS, CT, and IT.

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Power Systems

Perspective

•Emphasis on the production, delivery and consumption of electric energy (… related to interoperability, not power flow).

Communication Technology Perspective

•Comm. connectivity: Networks; comm. media, comm. performance and comm. protocols.

Information Technology Perspective

• Information Data Flow data management and control of processes

Common Domains

Cu

stom

er

Dis

trib

uti

on

Tran

smis

sion

Bu

lk G

ener

atio

n

Con

trol

an

d

Op

erat

ion

s

Ser

vice

Pro

vid

ers

Mar

kets

44

2030 SGIRM Domains, Entities, and Interfaces PS-IAP & CT-IAP: Connecting Lines are “Interfaces” or Logical Connections, and in IT-IAP Connecting Lines are “Data Flows”

Customer

Customer Point(s) of Interface

Service Providers

AC LoadsDC Loads

PS9

Customer Distributed

Energy Resources

PS59

PS60

PS62

PS63PS64

Electric Service Providers

PS68

PS69

Distribution Protection

and Control Devices

Distribution

Entity Interface

Domain

44

Utility Operation and Control / Enterprise

Control and Operations

Other Networks

Customer

DistributionTransmission

Service Providers

Smart Meter / Energy

Services Interfaces

Plug-in Electric Vehicle

Distribution Substation Network

Regional Interconnects

Networks

Distributed Energy

ResourcesNetwork

Public Internet /Intranet

Workforce Mobile Network

Neighborhood Area Network

Markets

Energy Services

Interfaces / Customer Premises Network

Feeder Distributed Energy Resources / Microgrid Network

Field Area Network

Backhaul

Third-Party

Services

Distribution Access Point

Bulk Generation

Bulk Generation

Network

Loads

Grid Scale Energy

Resources

Wide Area Network

Transmission Substation Network

Networks

Markets

Feeder Network

CT-IAP showing the 7 Domains (thick solid lines) common to 3 IAPs (PS, IT, CT), the communication

“Networks” (inside the dotted lines), and, the “entities” (shaded boxes).

IEEE Std 2030 SGIRMTM Domains & Entities

CT-IAP showing: (a) the 7 Domains (thick solid lines) common to the three IAPs (PS, IT, CT); (b) the CT “Networks” (in the dotted lines); and, (c) the “entities” (shaded boxes) in the domains. 45

46

IEEE STD 2030: PS-IAP {POWER SYSTEM – INTEGRATED ARCHITECTURAL PERSPECTIVE} – INTERFACES ARE LOGICAL CONNECTIONS

46

47

IEEE Std 2030: IT-IAP {Information Technology – Integrated Architectural Perspective} In IT-IAP the Connecting Lines Are “Data Flows”

47

IEEE Std 2030: CT-IAP {Communication Technology – Integrated Architectural Perspective } – In CT-IAP (and PS-IAP) the Connecting Lines “Interfaces” are Logical Connections

48

Takeaways SGIRM: integration of 3 perspectives is key.

- A framework with well-vetted definition of entities, interfaces and data flows;

e.g., Customer DER represents both Distributed Generator and Distributed Storage

Power Systems IAP: - Domains (same in all 3 perspectives) provide

division of efforts close to those of existing utilities. - Entities reflect equipment or functions of the EPS. - Interfaces are logical connections not power flows….

interfaces may represent {multiple} data flows over {multiple} data links. CT-IAP in its perspective, includes “Communication Networks” entities.

49

MODULE 4) USING THE PUBLISHED IEEE

2030 STANDARDS (2030 AND 2030.2),

30 MIN, MS

10/22/2015 50

IEEE Std 2030 SGIRM Use Example Customer Support of the Utility-Grid

• Customer owns distributed energy resources (DERs) & loads

– Distributed generation (DG) – Distributed energy storage (DES) – Controllable loads

• Service Provider manages customer DERs and loads:

– Controls multiple (aggregated) customers DG, DES, and loads

– Responds to Controls & Operations signals – Responds to Markets signals

51

52

IEEE 2030 -- First/Only Consensus, SG Standard (2011) Simplified* Example: Service Provider Controls Customer DG, Community Energy Storage and Controllable Loads -- * Protection, security, communications, testing, etc. not highlighted

Power System Integrated Architectural Perspective (PS-IAP): Logical Connections 52

Scope: This document provides guidelines for discrete and hybrid energy storage systems {DER} that are integrated with the electric power infrastructure, including end-use applications and loads. This guide builds upon IEEE Standard 2030 Guide for Smart Grid Interoperability of Energy Technology and Information Technology Operation With The Electric Power System (EPS), and End-Use Applications and Loads.

Purpose: The purpose is to provide guidance in understanding and defining technical characteristics of energy storage systems, and how discrete or hybrid systems may be integrated with and used compatibly as part of the electric power infrastructure. Further, the standard fills the need for guidance relevant to a knowledge base addressing terminology, functional performance, evaluation criteria, operations, testing, and the application of engineering principles for energy storage systems integrated with the electric power infrastructure.

IEEE 2030.2 – Guide for the Interoperability of Energy Storage Systems Integrated with the Electric Power Infrastructure

53

P2030.2 Example Applications Of Energy Storage Systems Integrated With The Grid

54

55

Bulk Generation

Customer

Control and Operations

DistributionTransmission

Service ProvidersMarkets

Distribution Operation

and Control

Distribution Sensors and Measurement

Devices

Transmission Operation and

Control

Transmission Protection and

Control Devices

Distribution Substation Generation

SubstationPS6

PS2 PS4

PS5

PS10

PS3PS7

PS1

Distribution Distributed

Energy Resources

PS24

PS25

PS22

PS39

PS47

PS14

PS15

PS16

PS30

PS46

PS17

PS40

PS43PS45

PS28

PS27

PS26

PS44

PS41

PS42

PS29

PS20

PS32

PS38

PS34

PS21

PS33

PS36

PS35

AC LoadsDC Loads

Markets

PS12

PS9

PS8

Customer Distributed

Energy Resources

PS13

PS37PS18

PS23

Generation Operation

and Control

PS53

PS56

PS54

PS55

PS48

PS49

PS11

PS52

PS50

PS51

PS59

PS60

PS57

PS58

PS62

PS63PS64

PS65

PS66

PS67PS68

PS61

PS19

PS69

PS31

PS70

PS71

PS72

PS73PS74

PS77

PS78

PS79

PS81

PS80

PS76

PS75

Distribution Protection

and Control Devices

Customer Substation

Electric Service Providers

Bulk Generation

TransmissionSensors and Measurement

DevicesBulk Storage

Transmission Substation


2030.2 showing Power System Interfaces (Logical Connections) for DER

For Example Used Earlier: Service Provider Controls Customer DG, Energy Storage and Controllable Loads For Customer Based ESS : For Electric Service Provider:

IEEE 2030.2: Power System Interfaces (Logical Connections) for DER/ESS

56

Interface Entity 1 Entity 2 Description PS62 Customer Point(s)

of Interface Customer Distributed Energy Resources

Provides for information exchange and control of DERs by entities external to customer. Interfaces include those for protection, control, and monitoring.

PS63 Customer Distributed Energy Resources

AC Loads Provides for information exchange and control of DERs and ac loads internally at the customer. Interfaces include those for protection, control, and monitoring.


DC Loads Provides for information exchange and control of DERs and dc loads internally at the customer. Interfaces include those for protection, control, and monitoring.


Customer Distributed Energy Resources

Interfaces between two or more customer DERs. Interfaces include those for protection, control, monitoring, reporting, and SCADA.

Interface Entity 1 Entity 2 Description PS65 Electric Service

Providers Markets Provides for information exchange of market information

and expected loading. Interfaces include those for monitoring and control.

PS66 Electric Service Providers

Distribution Operation and Control

Provides for information exchange of expected loading and aggregate control mechanisms. Interfaces include those for monitoring.

PS67 Electric Service Providers

Customer Substation Provides for monitoring information and control of customer generation, storage, and loads. Interfaces include those for monitoring and control.

PS68 Electric Service Provider


Provides for monitoring information and control of customer generation, storage, and loads. Interfaces include those for monitoring and control.

For customer based ESS: PS19 – to Distribution Distributed Energy Resources PS61 – to Customer Substation (Large Customers) PS62 – to Customer Point of Interface PS63 – to AC loads PS64 – to DC loads PS69 – to other Customer Distributed Energy Resources (ESS and energy producers)

For distribution system based ESS: PS11 – to Markets PS12 – to Customer Point(s) of Interface PS14 – to Distribution Operation and Control PS15 – to Distribution Substation PS16 – to Distribution sensors and measurement devices PS17 – to Distribution Protection and Control Devices PS19 – to Customer Distributed Energy Resources PS31 – to other Distributed Energy Resources (ESS and energy producers) PS70 – to Transmission Operation and Control PS71 – to Generation Operation and Control PS79 – to Electric Service Providers

IEEE 2030.2: Power System Interfaces (Logical Connections) for DER/ESS

57

2030.2 Example: Information Technology Interfaces (Data Flows) for DER providing multiple services

58

Interface Entity 1 Entity Comments

IT5 Energy Management Plant Control

IT12 Distribution Operation Demand Management

IT13 Distribution Operation Distribution Management

IT19 Energy Market Clearing Demand Management

IT20 Dispatch Energy Market Clearing

IT26 Distributed Energy Resources (Local Generation)

Customer Energy Management and Control

IT28 Dispatch Plant Control

IT29 Distribution Substation Distribution Field Device

IT30 Distribution Management Distribution Substation

IT34 Distribution Management Geographic Information Management

2030.2 Example: Communications Interfaces (Logical Connections) for DER providing multiple services

59

Interface Entity 1 Entity 2 Comments

CT1 Utility Operation and Control/Enterprise

Backhaul

CT5 Backhaul Distribution Substation Network

CT10 Distribution Substation Network

Feeder Network

CT26 Markets Public Internet/Intranet

CT27 Utility Operation and Control/Enterprise

Public Internet/Intranet

CT28 Backhaul Feeder Distributed Energy Resources/MicroGrid Network

2030.2 Example: Application Table – Mapping Power System Interfaces, IT and Communication.

60

Power systems perspective IT perspective Communications perspective

Data path Data path Data flow

CT3 - CT12 Utility Operation Enterprise LAN from Customer Smart Meter via Neighborhood

Area Network

Distribution operations control and monitoring of customer loads through smart meter

CT3 - CT52 Utility Operation Enterprise LAN from Customer

Point of Interface via Neighborhood Area Network

Distribution operations control and monitoring of customer loads through non-smart meter black box

CT3 - CT12 Monitoring of customer information by operations center through smart meter

CT3 - CT52Monitoring of customer information by operations center througt non-smart meter black box

CT3 - CT12 Distribution operations control and monitoring of customer loads through smart meter

CT3 - CT52Distribution of operations control and monitoring of customer loads through non-smart meter black box

Comments

PS13 - Distribution Operations to

Customer Point of Interface

IT12 - Demand Management by

Distribution Operations

IT22 - Customer Information

IT24 - Demand Management for

Asset Management

Example Integration of PS and CT Interfaces, and IT Data Flows -- Application Summary

Example Integration of PS and CT Interfaces, and IT Data Flows -- Application Summary Detail

Pow

er s

yste

m

data

pat

h

Entity (from) and

number of

Points

Entity (to) and

number of

points

Data type

Reach

Inform

ation

tran

sfer

time

Data occ

urrence

inter

val

Method of b

road

cast

Priorit

y

Latency

Synch

ronici

ty

Informatio

n relia

bility

Availab

ility (

reliabil

ity)

Level o

f ass

urance

HEMP, IEMI

Data vo

lume

Securit

y

Confiden

tiality

Integrit

y

Availab

ility (

secu

rity)

Ope

ratio

ns

10 s

ec to

m

inut

es

hour

s

ALL

Hig

h

Hig

h >1

60 m

s

No

Impo

rtant

Med

ium

Hig

h

No

Byt

es

Med

ium

Low

Med

ium

Med

ium

Rep

ortin

g

Hou

rs

hour

s

Mul

ticas

t

Low

Hig

h >1

60 m

sNo

Impo

rtant

Med

ium

Med

ium

No kB Low

Med

ium

Low

Low

PS13

Dis

tribu

tion

Ope

ratio

n an

d C

ontro

l (1

Poi

nt)

Poi

nt(s

) of I

nter

face

(th

ousa

nds

to

milli

ons

of p

oint

s)

Up

to 7

5 m

iles Provides information exchange

and control of customer equipment by Distribution Operations and Control. Logical connections

include those for control, monitoring.

Power systemsdescription

Communications IT

Com

mun

icatio

ns

path

(s)

Com

mun

icatio

ns

desc

riptio

n

IT data paths IT description

IT13 to IT27, IT26

(to EMS)

Monitoring/ Control by Distribution

Operations

IT16 (to IT25 in

some cases)

Smart meter or Energy

Management System interface

CT3 t

hen C

T52 o

r CT1

2

Utilit

y Con

trol/O

perat

ion/

Enter

prise

LAN

to

Smart

Mete

r or C

ustom

er Ac

cess

Point

via N

AN

Takeaways SGIRM – Using this framework allows common

description of Power System, IT and Communication Requirements

– Integrated approach provides understanding and transparency across PS, IT, and CT

– Approach is replicable and extensible for other applications and users

Ensures that full capability of system is implemented as designer intended

10/22/2015 63

MODULE 5A) USING THE PUBLISHED IEEE

1547 STDS (1547 AND 1547.1), 15 MIN, CV

BREAK, 20 MIN

MODULE 5B) USING THE PUBLISHED IEEE

1547 STDS (1547.2, 1547.3, 1547.4,

1547.6, AND 1547.7), 45 MIN, CV

64

Use of IEEE 1547, and the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ)

• IEEE 1547 is not an interconnection regulatory rule or contractual agreement document. 1547 is referenced by entities (AHJ’s) and programs that have the authority to set technical requirements.

• Area EPS’s Use -- your local Utility • Regulator’s Use • Legislator’s Use • Other consenting stakeholders

65

IEEE 1547 Interconnection Standards Use in USA

** Articles: 480 Storage Batteries 692 Fuel Cell Systems; 694 Wind Electric Systems (NEC info. based on NEC 2011)

**

66

Scenario 1, Utility, Hydro One

68

DISTRIBUTED GENERATION TECHNICAL INTERCONNECTION REQUIREMENTS , INTERCONNECTIONS AT VOLTAGES 50KV AND BELOW, DT-10-015 R3


70 70


10/22/2015 71 71


10/22/2015 72


73


74


10/22/2015 75

Scenario 1a, Canadian Utilities & Certification

10/22/2015

Source, “Review of Distributed Generation Product and Interconnection Standards for Canada“, Sylvain Martel and Dave Turcotte, IEEE ELECTRICAL POWER CONFERENCE, OCTOBER 25–26, 2007, MONTREAL 76

Scenario 2, Utility/Regulatory, SCE/CPUC Rule 21

77

Scenario 2, Utility/Regulatory, CA Rule 21, Practical Use Impact

78

Scenario 3, Legislative, CA CSI

10/22/2015 79

(From Calif. Senate Bill 1):

Scenario 3, Legislative, CA CSI (Calif.) Commission’s Eligibility Requirement

80

Scenario 3, The Impact of Using IEEE 1547 by reference

(Calif.) Commission’s Reporting of CSI Program Results

81

MODULE 6) STATUS OF ONGOING FULL

REVISION OF IEEE 1547 AND 1547.1: DER

INTERCONNECTION, INTEROPERABILITY,

AND INTERFACES, 35 MIN, CV, MS

• Scope, purpose, and selected topics (works in progress – for illustrative purposes) • Next actions

10/22/2015 82

IEEE P1547 (Full Revision) Project Authorization Approved by the IEEE SASB on March 27, 2014

Title: Draft Standard for Interconnection and Interoperability of Distributed Energy Resources with Associated Electric Power Systems Interfaces. Scope: This standard establishes criteria and requirements for interconnection of distributed energy resources (DER) with electric power systems (EPS), and associated interfaces.* Purpose: This document provides a uniform standard for the interconnection and interoperability of distributed energy resources (DER) with electric power systems (EPS). It provides requirements relevant to the interconnection and interoperability performance, operation, and testing, and, safety, maintenance and security considerations. Note: Interfaces and interoperability and related terms are defined and described in IEEE Std 2030

83

Std P1547 Full Revision: Example Works in Progress

84

Updates to many 1547 (2003) requirements, and new requirements, e.g.,

Voltage regulation: Reactive Power Capability of the DER … capable of injecting and absorbing minimum reactive power …

Voltage and Reactive Power Control … capabilities of modes of reactive power control functions: Power factor; Volt-Var; Active-power power-factor; Reactive power

Voltage & Frequency Ride Through: 3 classes (parameter ranges)

Power Quality/Harmonics

Unintentional islanding

Interoperability Requirements

Special Interconnection Requirements: e.g., - Energy Storage; - Distribution Secondary Networks - Islanding/Microgrids; - System Studies/Modeling & Simulation - Etc. 84

P1547 Draft Standard for Interconnection and Interoperability of Distributed Energy Resources with Associated Electric Power Systems Interfaces P1547 Organization (e.g., Folder topics – F#)

– P1547 Chair Tom Basso, (CD F1 Overall Document ) – P1547 Secretary/Treasurer Charlie Vartanian, – (CD Folder 5 [F5] Special Interconnections, microgrids,

2ndry networks) – Vice Chairs (Central Desktop [CD] Subgroup Leaders)

John Berdner (CD Folder 3 [F3] GenReq2) Jim Daley (CD F6 Test Specs & Reqs) Babak Enayati (CD F2, GenReq1 & F7 PQ) Mark Siira (CD F4 interoper/Analyses)

– IEEE SCC21 Liaison Mike Kipness, 85

Interconnection Standards Status Examples P1547 New Requirements: LV/HV RT and voltage regulation (works in progress/not approved) – Voltage and frequency ride through – Real and reactive power control – Harmonics – Interfaces and interoperability – Simulation and modeling, and more

P1547: three categories or Classes of DER Responses (e.g., parameter ranges) – Considering differentiated local and regional operational

requirements and technology differentiated capabilities P1547.1 Test Procedures to start work at Oct. 2015 Meeting UL 1741 Supplement is intended to validate compliance with grid interactive features

Note: These works in progress have not been balloted and may change.

86

P1547 New Requirements for Ride Through (Work In Progress)

Three Categories of DER Operational Responses to Support the Grid -- Based on Local and Farther Reaching Grid Requirements and DER Technology Differentiated Capabilities Ride through operation and tripping zones defined: – Continuous operation – Mandatory operation – Permissive Operation – Momentary Cessation – Shall trip

87

P1547 New Requirements for Ride Through (work in progress)

Ride through operation and tripping zones defined: – Continuous operation – Area EPS normal

operating voltage range – Mandatory operation – DER shall remain operating

for area EPS reduced voltage up to a second or so – Permissive Operation – DER may operate for area

EPS further reduced voltage or small overvoltages for up to 10 cycles

– Momentary Cessation – DER stops producing at area EPS low voltages but does not trip –

– Shall trip - For area EPS overvoltages and undervoltages that extend beyond 10 cycles to 2 seconds or more

88

P1547 Example New LVRT Requirements High-level Trip & Ride-Through Concept, (Work In Progress)

10/22/2015 89

89

P1547 Example New Reactive Power Requirements (Work In Progress)

New subsections to be defined: – Voltage and reactive power control Voltage Support during faults

– Power Factor mode – standard operation in today’s environment

– Voltage-Reactive Power Mode – New mode to be defined

– Precedence of voltage and reactive power control modes

90


10/22/2015 91


10/22/2015 92

92

Intentional island systems are EPSs that: (1) have DER and load, (2) have the ability to disconnect from and parallel with the area EPS, (3) include the local EPS and may include portions of the area EPS, and (4) are intentionally planned. [X, cite 1547.4 in Bibliography Annex] Intentional island systems that include any portion of the Area EPS while islanded shall be designed and operated in coordination with the Area EPS operator.

93

P1547 Example New Intentional Islanding Requirements (Work In Progress)

P1547 Example New Power Quality Requirements (Work in progress)

DC Injection – Stays same: 0.5% full rated output Flicker – To be updated to be consistent with IEEE 1547.7, IEEE 1453 and IEEE 1453.1 – P1547.7™-Guide to Conducting Distribution Impact Studies

for Distributed Resource Interconnection – New flicker criteria for wind turbines

Harmonic level – To be updated to be consistent with IEEE 1547.8, IEEE 519 and simulations – IEEE Std 519™-2014 IEEE Recommended Practice and

Requirements for Harmonic Control in Electric Power Systems – IEEE P1547.8™ -Recommended Practice ..Provide Supplemental

Support for Implementation Strategies for Expanded Use of IEEE Standard 1547

PQ subgroup recently formed – much work to do 94

Interoperability and interfaces: Significant New Additions to IEEE 1547

Interoperability elements included as mandatory requirements Additional interfaces addressed – not only the PCC Informative material to be included

95

P1547 Example New Requirements for Communications, Information Models and Protocols (work in progress)

P1547 has the following draft clauses included in the normative text: – Interoperability Requirements – Monitoring and Control Requirements – Information Model and Communication Protocol

Requirements – Cyber Security Requirements – Protection Communication Requirements – Simulation and Modeling

(continued on next slides) 96

P1547 Example New Requirements for Communications, Information Models and Protocols (work in progress)

Interoperability Requirements – …Each DER system shall be capable of supporting

communications with Area and/or Local EPS operators for monitoring and control purposes.

Monitoring and Control Requirements – When required by Area EPS operating practices, DER systems

shall exchange information with the Area EPS operator… Information Model & Communication Protocol Requirements – The information models and communication protocols used

for the information exchanges shall be standards mutually agreed upon by the Local and Area EPS operators

(more on next slide) 97

P1547 Example New Requirements for Communications, Information Models and

Protocols (work in progress)

Cyber Security Requirements – DER systems and DER proxy systems shall use standardized

cyber security policies, procedures, and technologies Protection Communication Requirements – Communications between Local EPS and Area EPS protection

schemes for coordination purposes shall be supported if mutually agreed upon between the Local and Area EPS operators.

Simulation and Modeling (not resolved) – A DER that has certain conditions conditions may be required

to submit parameters suitable for power system computer simulations shall be provided to the area EPS owner.

– Guidelines for this approach are referenced in IEEE 1547.7.

98

P1547 New Interoperability Annex (Informative) -- {Work in Progress}

1. DER Communication and Information Concepts and Guidelines – 1.1 Hierarchical Architecture of DER Systems

1.1.1 Stakeholders in Managing DER Systems

1.1.2 DER Hierarchical Levels and Logical Interfaces

1.1.3 The SGIRM Model and DER Hierarchical Levels and Logical Interfaces

– 1.2 Concepts and Examples of International Standards: Information Models 1.2.1 Standardized Information Models for Interoperability

1.2.2 International Information Models: Common Information Model and IEC 61850

1.2.3 IEC 61850 as Information Model for Information Exchanges with Field Systems

– 1.3 Standards and Guidelines for DER Communications 1.3.1 Standards of Communication Protocols for DER

1.3.2 Overview of Cyber Security Standards and Guidelines for DER

1.3.3 Example of IEC 61850 as Information Model with IEEE 1815 (DNP3) and IEEE 2030.5 (SEP2) as Communication Protocols

1.3.4 Examples of Information Exchange Performance Requirements

– 1.4 DER Protection Systems – 1.5 Recommendations for Coordinating Communication Requirements

99

MODULE 7) CLOSING REMARKS; GETTING

INVOLVED; AND DISCUSSION,

30 MIN, CV, MS

• DER Integration, Interoperability … and Additional Approaches, are Helping Modernize the Grid;

• Full Revision of IEEE P1547 (Requirements) and P1547.1 (Testing Procedures) are on Fast Track Development: Target 2016 and 2017 IEEE Ballot

• Additional P2030 Standards Projects are Addressing Other Priorities and Gaps

100

Opportunity to Get Involved: Next IEEE P1547 Meetings

27-29 October 2015; – Meeting Location, and Facilities Sponsored

by: Salt River Project Tempe, AZ 85281

March 8-10, 2016 – Florida (Orlando; details and sponsor

logistics underway)

101

Opportunity to Get In P1547

Upon WG Membership, You can participate in Sub-Groups via web meetings:

– General Requirements – Interoperability Analysis and Modeling – Special Interconnections Microgrids Secondary networks

– Interconnection Test Spec and Requirements

– Power Quality

102

IEEE P1547 IEEE Grouper web pages,

Getting Involved

103

http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/scc21/1547_revision/1547revision_index.html • FIRST STEP, Sign up for P1547

ListServe • NEXT, Participate in Working Group.

Identify yourself to Folder Subgroup Leads to get connected and involved in specific Folder subgroup for notices of activity and participation

http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/scc21/1547_revision/1547revision_index.html




104

Grid Modernization

Traditional Electric Grid…

Power park

Hydrogen Storage

Industrial DG

Modern Electricity Choices …

Combined Heat and Power

PV

Wind Farms

Rooftop Photovoltaics

Remote Loads

Load as a resource

Fuel Cells

Smart Substation EV’s

Utility Scale

104

Smart Grid Concepts: Interconnection (1547) & Interoperability (2030) System of Systems Approach

Interoperability: the capability of two or more networks, systems, devices, applications, or components to externally exchange and readily use information securely and effectively. (Std 2030)

Smart Grid: the integration of power, communications, & information technologies for an improved electric power infrastructure serving loads while providing for an ongoing evolution of end-use applications. (Std 2030)

105

106

THANK YOU!

• Charles Vartanian [email protected] • Mark Siira [email protected] • Tom Basso [email protected]

End of Tutorial

References and Backup slides follow

References Using IEEE 1547 • http://www.hydroone.com/Generators/Pages/TechnicalRequirements.aspx • http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/sites/www.nrcan.gc.ca/files/canmetenergy/files/pubs/2007-

172e.pdf • https://www.sce.com/NR/sc3/tm2/pdf/Rule21_2004.pdf • http://www.gosolarcalifornia.ca.gov/equipment/inverters.php • http://www.energy.ca.gov/sb1/index.html • http://www.cpuc.ca.gov/PUC/energy/rule21.htm

IEEE Reference Materials and Standards • IEEE standards for sale http://www.techstreet.com/ieee/ • IEEE SCC21 Standards web site, http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/scc21/ • IEEE-SASB Bylaws: http://standards.ieee.org/develop/policies/bylaws/index.html • IEEE-SASB Operations Manual: http://standards.ieee.org/develop/policies/opman/

Further Background Information • Basso, T.; “Standards for DER -- IEEE 1547 (Interconnection) & IEEE 2030

(Interoperability)” NREL/5D00-63157;Nov. 2014; www.nrel.gov • Siira, M. Interconnection, interoperability for integration in the Smart Grid;” Consulting-

Specifying Engineer Magazine; March 2014, www.csemag.com • Siira, M. “Best Practices In Electric Power System Testing For Improved Availability;”

March/April 2014 PowerLine Magazine; www.EGSA.org 107

107

108

BACKUP MATERIAL

IEEE SCC21 Standards Historical Highlights • Developed first Photovoltaic (PV) standards (1980’s);

subsequently promulgated worldwide. • Published (late 1980’s) IEEE Std 929 (Interconnection

Recommended Practice) in response to PURPA (1978). • Incorporated SCC23 activities (e.g., IEEE Std 1001 Guide

for Distributed Generators) into SCC21 in 2000. • Established IEEE 1547 in 2003 in response to

deregulation and interconnection needs sought by distributed generation and utility industries;

• Created IEEE 2030 series (early 2000’s); published IEEE Std 2030 (year 2011) Guide to Smart Grid Interoperability-- 1st/only Smart Grid Interoperability Reference Model.

• Currently: establishing new, and liaising for a host of, modern grid integration standards, e.g., DER

concurrent interconnection/interoperability requirements. 109

110

IEEE 1547 Definitions • Distributed generator (DG) –electric generation facilities connected to an

Area EPS through a PCC; a subset of DR. • Distributed resources (DR) – sources of electric power that are not directly

connected to a bulk power transmission system. DR includes both generator and energy storage technologies.

• Electric power system (EPS) – facilities that deliver power to a load. • Area EPS – an EPS that serves local EPSs. • Local EPS – an EPS entirely within a single premises or a group of

premises. • Interconnection – the result of the process of adding a DR unit to an area

EPS • Interconnection equipment – individual or multiple devices used in an

interconnection system • Interconnection system – the collection of all interconnection equipment,

taken as a group, used to interconnect a DR unit(s) to an area EPS • Point of common coupling (PCC) – the point where a local EPS is

connected to the Area EPS. • Pont of DR connection – the point where a DR unit is electrically

connected in an EPS. 110

How Is Smart Grid Different?

Decentralized Supply and Control – from thousands of centralized plants today to tens

of millions of decentralized resources Two-way Power Flow at the Distribution Level – Current distribution system is primarily a radial

design with power flow in one direction – Distributed Energy sources at customer premises

and on utilities distribution circuits, power will begin to flow in both directions

Two-way Information Flow – Available communications and information systems

will enable a modern, more intelligent power system

111

IEEE Smart Grid Domains and Subdomains

http://smartgrid.ieee.org/domains

IEEE Std 2030TM Smart Grid Interoperability Reference Model (SGIRMTM) domains and entities (see 2030 slides) extended the conceptual diagrams of NIST and the IEC; SGIRM provides the model for creating additional Smart Grid standards.

IEEE Smart Grid domains and subdomains were inspired by the NIST Conceptual Reference Diagram (http://www.nist.gov/smartgrid/upload/NIST-SP-1108r3.pdf).

112

http://www.nist.gov/smartgrid/upload/NIST-SP-1108r3.pdf

IEEE Std 2030 (year 2011) Guidance for Smart Grid Interoperability

Std 2030 (Fig a above) lays the foundation for any number of additional smart grid applications, e.g., advanced metering infrastructure, plug-in electric vehicles, and other smart grid applications (“N”).

113

Data Classification Reference Table (IEEE Std 2030: Table 5-1) Data characteristic Classification/Value range

Data use category → To be determined by the user of the table based on the intended use of the data (i.e., control data, protection data, and/or monitoring data)

Reach → meters (feet) kilometers (miles)

Information transfer time → <3 ms Between 3 ms and 10 s

Between 10 s and minutes hours

Data occurrence interval milliseconds seconds minutes hours Method of broadcast Unicast Multicast Broadcast All Priority Low Medium High

Latency → Low-low (<3 ms)

Low (<16 ms)

Medium (<160 ms)

High (≥160 ms)

Synchronicity → Yes No Information reliability → Informative Important Critical

Availability (information reliability) Low (limited impact) Medium

(serious impact) High (severe or

catastrophic impact) Level of assurance Low Medium High HEMP, IEMI → Hardened, yes Hardened, no Data volume → bytes kilobytes megabytes gigabytes

Security → Low (limited impact) Medium (serious impact)

High (severe or catastrophic impact)

Confidentiality Low (limited impact) Medium (serious impact)


Integrity Low (limited impact) Medium (serious impact)


Availability (security) Low (limited impact) Medium (serious impact)


115

IEEE Std 2030: Table D.1 Interface Template -- Example CT12

General information

Interface ID CT12

Description Smart meter to/from NAN: Connects smart meter through wireline or wireless NAN. Smart meters could be residential (including building/business) or industrial-grade.

Security Objective Confidentiality Integrity Availability

Level High High High

Protocols IEEE 802.15.4, IEEE 802.15.4g, ZigBee SEP 2.0, IEEE 802.11a, b, g, n, HomeGrid™/ITU-T G.hn, HomePlug®/IEEE 1901, Ethernet/IEEE 802.3, 2G, 3G (including LTE), WiMAX/IEEE 802.16, etc.

Connection medium type(s) Wireless, wired

Latency Highly variable latency req’ts & sensitivities, depending on application. Common ranges: — MAC+PHY: <1 ms to 1500 ms — End-to-end application information transfer time: <4 ms to 15 s

Standards IEEE Std 802.15.4, ZigBee SEP 2.0, IEEE Std 802.11, ITU-T G.hn, IEEE Std 1901, IEEE Std 802.3, IEEE Std 802.16, etc.

Bandwidth Typically, 50 kHz to 40 MHz (but others are possible)

Bit rate 1 Kbps to 30 Mbps

Payload Size: 10 bytes to 1500 bytes Frequency: 50 000 packets per second to 1 packet per minute

Quality of service Service differentiation/prioritization may be required depending on the quantity and type of applications being supported by this communication link. Many of the standards and protocols mentioned above contain some type of quality of service/differentiated services mechanism.

Reliability Non-essential, important, or essential—depending on application.

Limitations/Constraints In some jurisdictions, there may be limitations on the use of various communications protocols/standards listed for this interface.

Data occurrence interval Could be periodic or aperiodic, depending on the application. This interval could range from 1 ms to 30 min.

Broadcast method Broadcast, unicast, and multicast may all be needed, but it depends on the application. 1. HomeGrid is a trademark of the HomeGrid Forum. ……. 2. HomePlug is a trademark of the HomePlug Powerline Alliance, Inc.

IEEE STD 2030: FIGURE 7-1—END-TO-END SMART GRID COMMUNICATIONS MODEL

116

IEEE STD 2030: FIGURE 7-2: SMART GRID DEVELOPMENT PROCESS AND VISION

117

tut-7 introduction to smart grid and distributed energy resources standards by ieee...

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