tutorial 2 students
TRANSCRIPT
Centennial College - HUM 4002
Tutorial 2: Instruments & Voices
1. Category of Sound Production
Aerophone - produce sounds by vibrating columns of air (e.g. Chinese dizi, recorder)
Chordophone - produce sounds by vibrating strings (e.g. violin, guitar)
Idiophone – produce sounds by vibrating themselves (e.g. cymbals, maracas)
Membranophone - produce sounds by vibrating the membranes (any kind of drums)
Electrophone – produce sounds by electronic means (e.g. theremin, synthesizer, electric guitar)
2. Classification of Western Musical Instruments
(A) Link – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y9lailBPbhU&feature=related
Instrument: _____________________________________
Family: _____________________________________
Category of Sound Production: _____________________________________
Other Instruments in this Family:
__________________________________________________________________________
Instrument: _____________________________________
Family: _____________________________________
Category of Sound Production: _____________________________________
Other Instruments in this Family: Piccolo (no reed),
_____________________________________ (double reed), clarinet (single reed),
_____________________________________ (double reed),
_____________________________________ / cor anglais (double reed), saxophone
(single reed)
_____________________________________: clarinet, saxophone, English horn
(chart for transposing & non-transposing instruments:
http://www.secretcomposer.com/Secret_Composer_Blog_Demo/Concer
t_Pitch_-_Instrument_Transposition_chart.htm)
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(B) Link – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LOVGt__MTKc
Instrument: _____________________________________
Family: _____________________________________
Category of Sound Production: _____________________________________
Other Instruments in this Family: _____________________________________,
_____________________________________ / horn, ____________________________________
Mute - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3f9VlqbXH2I
(C) Link - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qYtrnr4chfU
Instruments: Marimba, cymbals, snare drum, glockenspiel, timpani
Family: _____________________________________
Category of Sound Production:
snare drum & timpani – _____________________________________;
marimba, glockenspiel & cymbals – ____________________________________
Other Instruments in this Family: Bass drum, gong, castanets, triangle
Timpani: http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=nnAjo1qdhKo&feature=related
(D) Link – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bvNx9qYl_cs&feature=related
Instrument: _____________________________________
Family: _____________________________________
Category of Sound Production: _____________________________________
Other Instruments in this Family: organ (_________________________)
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3. Instrumental Combination
Musical
Term / Genre
Number of Instruments &
Examples
Link
Solo Work 1 instrument
Piano sonata, unaccompanied
cello suite
Please refer to Yoyo Ma’s Cello suite in Tutorial 1
http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=QC_nypfbZLQ&feature=fvwrel (Hungarian
Rhapsody) / Audio Example at 2.(D) (P.2)
Sonata 1 or 2 instruments
Cello sonata –
__________________________________;
trumpet sonata
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yj2ALeNYxCk
(trumpet sonata)
Chamber Music: music written for a small group of instruments, intended to be played in a room
Duet 2 instruments
Piano duet / piano four hands
(1 piano); piano duo (2 pianos)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yFDDSMlndcc
/ http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=tq1rZXzjP-I (Sonata for Two Pianos)
Trio 3 instruments
Violin trio – violin, viola, cello;
piano trio –
__________________________________
http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=GfiFfqdP5rE&feature=related
Quartet 4 instruments
String quartet –
__________________________________
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BllO5qdBAHY
(string quartet)
Quintet 5 instruments
Woodwind quintet -
__________________________________
__________________________________
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yTCJhuxNBHA
(wind quintet)
Sextet (6 instruments), Septet (7 instruments), Octet (8 instruments), etc.
Concerto 1 instrument + orchestra http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=4Ud_wGMXRnQ (piano concerto)
Symphony Orchestra
Beethoven’s 9 symphonies,
Mahler’s 10 symphonies
http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=xV9suzcpQag&feature=relmfu (symphony)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=WuqyfEyNXQo&feature=related (Dvorak
“New World” Symphony)
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Band Music Brass band – brass +
percussion; military band
(woodwind + brass +
percussion); jazz band
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Ji5GH1PyxE
(brass band)
4. Vocal Music
(A) Art Song / Lied (plural: lieder)
Literally means “song”
Setting of romantic German poems to music
__________________________________ (piano / orchestra)
Schubert: more than 600 lieder
“Erlking” by Schubert: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5XP5RP6OEJI
(B) Choir
SATB – ____________________________________________________________________
Soprano, mezzo-soprano, alto, contralto, countertenor, tenor, baritone, bass
Boys’ choir, girls’ choir etc.
Vienna Boys’ Choir: http://www.wienersaengerknaben.at/jart/prj3/wsk_website/main.jart?
rel=en&content-id=1181926278704&reserve-mode=active
A Cappella (please refer to Lecture 1 notes)
(C) Opera
A drama set to music, acted and sung by solo singers and chorus, and accompanied by an
orchestra
Spoken dialogue
“Magic Flute” by Mozart - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tlhbFk2GbcY&feature=related
“Carmen” by Bizet - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8w9yJdkeryI
(D) Oratorio, Cantata
Please refer to Lecture 2 notes
5. Classification of Chinese Musical Instruments
System of instrumental classification in traditional Chinese music 4
Bayin (literally “eight tones”)
Ba: eight in Chinese, yin: sounds / tones (similar to Yinyue)
The system was devised by Zhou court scholars (11th century B.C. – 771 B.C.) in an attempt to
classify the musical instruments of the period
The categorization is based on materials used in construction
8 categories of bayin: metal, stone, earth, skin, silk, wood, gourd, and bamboo
The system disappeared with the decline of imperial china in 1911
Classification & instruments:
No Bayin Pictures & Instruments
1 Metal
(Bian)zhong Bo / Cymbals
2 Stone
Qing
3 Silk
5
Qin
4 Bamboo
Xiao Di
5 Gourd
Sheng
6 Earth
Xun
7 Skin
Drums
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8 Wood
Muyu, wooden block
Classification in modern Chinese music
Different from bayin categorization of materials, this is a classification system categorized by the
way the instruments are played
Introduced at the beginning of the 20th century with the decline of imperial dynasties and the
rising popularity of Western music in China
4 categories: Blown, plucked, bowed, Struck 吹彈拉打; commonly translated as winds, plucked
strings, bowed strings, and percussion
Become the basic structure and division of the Modern Chinese Orchestra until nowadays
Classification & Instruments:
No Classification Instruments
1
______________________________
(Blown)
Di, xiao, sheng
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2
__________________________________
(plucked)
Pipa
Link: http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=cq9w79TwyUo
3
__________________________________
(bowed)
Erhu
Link: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4JNAIEDx3Vw
4
__________________________________
(struck)
Cymbals (Bo), wooden blocks, drums, gongs
6. Other Instruments
(C) Theremin – “Fantasia for theremin, oboe, string quartet and piano” by Bohuslav Martinu (link:
(D) Toy – “Toy Symphony” (link: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1miohLVZobE&feature=fvwrel)
(E) Accordion – “Concerto No.1 in Bb Major for Accordion and Orchestra” by Nikolai Chaikin (link:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W_fTCQ7O6IM)
(F) Electric Guitar – “Songs, Drones, and Refrains of Death” (1968)
7. References
Bennett, Roy. General Musicianship. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984. (HKU Music
Library)
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Bennett, Roy. Instruments of the Orchestra. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982. (HKU
Music Library)
Lau, Frederick. Music in China: Experiencing Music, Expressing Culture. New York, Oxford University
Press, 2008. (HKU Music Library)
8. Next Tutorial
In the next week’s tutorial session, please share your findings on the preliminary research of your concert
report. In a 2-minute presentation, please bring one or two pictures (in USB), give a brief introduction of
the concert that you are going to, and tell what you would expect in the concert.
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