Entrepreneurial Potential and its Development

Among Imprisoned Criminal Offenders

Tuuli StewartEstonia

SOCIOLOGY, YOUTH STUDIES AND GENDER

STUDIES

Tuul i Stewart 2013

MY STUDY IS ORIENTED ON the question, how to re-integrate today’s prisoners (criminal

offenders) back to society through entrepreneurialism comparison of our philosophy with Scandinavian model – are there

cultural differences that matter

how to find and define the ones who are suitable for possible courses, developmental plan, entrepreneurial activity

I ARGUE THAT Legal occupation and self-driven income is a cornerstone for

societal integration for immigrants as well as for those, who have been relegated from the same society Entrepreneurial activity might be a solution for people, who’s

opportunities to be employed legally are limited

Tuul i Stewart 2013

Tuul i Stewart 2013

WHAT IS THE PROBLEM?

The felons are minority in society who’s number is increasing. Integration capability of those aliens defines the society’s own well-being through numerous channels Our reforms have decreased the number of prisoners, and that’s adorable but the

number of people, who hold criminal records is increasing in society

Is the problem increasing? (a study about overcriminalization 2010)

Illustration: Baltics had more people on 2010 as in previous years in prisons than in

the army forces The amount of people with criminal record is abnormal – 55,6% The cost for society rises both as fiscal cost and as social effect

Since those numbers mostly reflect young men, their fate is related to children, workforce and health of the society in general

WORKING-AGE PART OF POPULATION OF ESTONIA

Tuul i Stewart 2013

It is a mindset that needs to be encouraged for alternatives after release. For all participating parties – the offender, lawmakers, integrators and society

MIXED METHOD STUDY Observation – Estonia, Lithuania, Norway…

Statistics – Estonian/ EU/ world

Interviews - 15

Focus group interviews - 5

Questionnaires - 200

Communication with specialists on the field

Analysis of documents

LET’S TALK?

Bottom up approach- - - - - - -

synoptic model

Tuul i Stewart 2013

BALTICS ARE NOT PART OF EUROPE. YET RETURN / recidivism in Baltic states:

30% - 2 years 60% - 5 years 90% - 10 years

Could we hope to be a part of the Nordic area some day?

Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia are still countries of long-term mass incarceration

Tuul i Stewart 2013

1. What is the connection between Baltics, Europe and Scandinavia through prisons?

2. Are we interested in those people in our prisons?

THIS IS NOT A MAP OF BAD PEOPLE vs GOOD PEOPLE IN EUROPE.

THIS IS A MAP OF STATE POLICIES AND COMMUNAL ACCEPTANCE

Tuul i Stewart 2013

Rate of captives in Europe

per 100 000 persons of population

Geographical location and

traditions in connections fill

thrivingly Scandinavian

prisons with foreigners.

In the last 40 years the

number of their local

captives hasn’t risen.

Rehabilitation and after care

programs used in those

prisons, however, are

designed for integration into

local society, ran in local

language and are based on

local culture and mentality.

Tuul i Stewart 2013

• Are those prisoners different people? Domestic

Migrants

• Are they different from other migrants? In which way?

• Are they migrants?

• Motivation for crime-free lifestyle / integration.

• Motivational interviewing and pro-social modeling as a way for learning.

• Practical help and information.

• Breaking exclusion, building trust and inclusion.

• No, this is not a guaranteed road that works on all. Is it worth a try?

PREPARATION FOR THE NEW ENTRY INTO SOCIETY

Tuul i Stewart 2013

THERE IS A MAJOR DIFFERENCE BETWEEN BALTIC PRISONERS IN BALTIC PRISONS AND THOSE IN SCANDINAVIAN PRISONS!

COMMON PROBLEMS IN LITHUANIAN AND LATVIAN PRISONS:

• Undereducated / under 4th or 9th grade

• Tuberculosis, HIV / Aids

• Gray prisoners – over 60 years old

• Chronic health problems due to conditions

• Certain types of crime – child molesters, wife beaters etc.

• Addictions / alcohol and drugs

COMMON PROBLEMS AMONG BALTIC PRISONERS IN NORDIC PRISONS:

• Language barriers, incl access to programs

• Absence of the family and communication

• Cultural interpretation

!

WORKING-AGE PART OF POPULATION

Tuul i Stewart 2013

ROBIN HOODS?

Many male prisoners from Lithuania and Latvia in Scandinavian prisons are well educated first-times in their prime years, who have young families and quite realistic plans for future compared to the average among prisoners in their home countries

This is a well-needed potential in Lithuania and Latvia. Most of them do want to go home, not to stay in Norway or Sweden. Most of them do want to study and find a legal alternative.

Estonia and Finland as a destination are different because Estonians are commuters

Vilnius prison -- Lukiškių tardymo izoliatorius kalėjimas.Built 1904, active in 2013

WHAT WORKS?

(re)integration of prisoners into society means:

1. Integration from a long term damaging exile

2. In many cases into a new culture, unknown

previously

So, in terms, it is a migration case

You are welcome to ask about the following approaches and programs

Tuul i Stewart 2013

Whatever program is

good

Nothing works

WHAT WORKS IN SOCIALIZATION?

In 1974 D. Lipton, R. Martinson and J. Wilks, using ‘meta-analysis’, assessed all the evaluations of criminal rehabilitation programs between 1945 and 1967.

They reached the following conclusion:

‘With few and isolated exceptions, the rehabilitative efforts that have been reported so far have had no appreciable effect on recidivism’.

The results of this assessment convinced them that not much seems to work and one program did not seem more effective than another.

Changing LensesRestorati ve justi ce

HOWARD ZEHR

I have been involved in photography for many years. One of the lessons I have learned is how profoundly the lens I look through affects the outcome.

My choice of lens determines in what circumstances I can work and how I see.

Tuuli StewartVilnius 2013

Tuul i Stewart 2013

We will have to look to alternative ways of viewing both problem and solution.

The source of many of our failures,

I am arguing, lies in the lens through

which we view crime and justice,

and that lens is a particular construction

of reality, a paradigm.

It is not the only possible paradigm.

Tuul i Stewart 2013

PrisonerLearn-acy

PublicTrust

Motive?Respect

Legal AdministrationConsistency

Learnacy - ability to learn new

information and skills

Tuul i Stewart 2013

Learn- ACY

SkillsSocial,

practical

KnowledgeHow does it

work?

„Language“Terminology

to operate

Values, normsReligion

Plan BGAMES, STORIES, PRACTICE

What is my next move, if this

doesn’t work?

Tuul i Stewart 2013Tuulist@yahoo.com

Thank you!