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TWENTY SIXTH

SOUTHERN AFRICAN UNIVERSITIES

POWER ENGINEERING CONFERENCE

SAUPEC 2018

University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg

24 - 26 January 2018

Platinum Sponsors

Silver Sponsor

Other Sponsors

Media

Foreword

Dear Colleagues

Welcome to the 26th Southern African Universities Power Engineering Conference, SAUPEC 2018, hosted

by the School of Electrical and Information Engineering of the University of the Witwatersrand, Johan-

nesburg.

SAUPEC conferences are primarily intended to provide a forum for postgraduate students and faculty

from the region to present their research work in power related fields. The secondary but equally

important goal is to provide a regional networking forum for researchers in the power engineering field.

We are extremely grateful to our growing number of industrial sponsors. Their sponsorship and active

participation is playing a large role in sustaining SAUPEC into the future.

We are also privileged this year to have three keynote speakers. This fits well with the vision of providing

students and academics exposure to the projects and developments taking place in the real world and

that will be shaping the future.

Some statistics: 148 papers were submitted for consideration, 70 reviewers completed 282 reviews, and

78 papers were eventually accepted as peer-reviewed papers. The remaining papers were mostly accepted

for discussion papers and only a few papers were rejected.

We are extremely thankful to all the reviewers who selflessly gave their time to perform the reviews over

the festive period. This combined volunteer effort is the heart of SAUPEC.

We wish all the attendees to SAUPEC 2018 a wonderful stay in Johannesburg and a rewarding and

enjoyable conference.

SAUPEC 2018 Organising Committee

Local Organising Committee

Willie Cronje (General Chair)Cuthbert Nyamupangedengu (Technical Chair)Ken NixonLesedi MasisiIvan HofsajerJames BraidYu-Chieh YenJohn Van CollerThabiso Motsei (Conference Secretariat)Gerda Geyer (SAIEE) (Conference Secretariat)

List of Technical Reviewers

BuildingPhysics Barker, M.

Cape Peninsula University of Technology Adonis, M.

CBI-electric: low voltage Joannou, A.J.L.

Continental Corporation, Canada Akbarian, H.

Al-Badri, M.

Aljehaimi, A.

Takbash, A.

CrunchYard Dreyer, R.

CSIR Hlatshwayo, M.

Dehn Africa Gora, T.

Department of Public Works, Limpopo Ntshani, M.

Durban University of Technology Davidson, I.E.

Energy System Planning Chidzikwe, C.

Eskom Beutel, A.A.

Geldenhuys, H.J.

Hank, A.M.

Strelec, G.J.

etalumiSe Rigby, B.S.

Experimental Power Grid Centre, Singapore Choudhury, A.

Gibela Rail Transport Consortium Tshivhilinge, M.M.

Hatch Moraka, O.

Mentor Infolytica, A Siemens Business Wanjiku, J.

Next Renewable Generation Cooper, D.J.

North West University Gouws, R.

Grobler, A.J.

Rens, A.P.J.

Uren, K.R.

van Schoor, G.

Pharos University in Alexandria, Egypt Ibrahim, M.

Sasol Sorgdrager, A.

South African Bureau of Standards Djurdjevic, I.

Stellenbosch University Bekker, J.C.

Booysens, M.J..

Gule, N..

Strauss, J.M.

Vermeulen, H.J..

TerraTech Pretorius, P.H..

Tswane University of Technology Akumu, A.O..

Uganda Electricity Generation Company Lim-

ited (UEGCL), Uganda

Okwii, J.C.

University of Cape Town Awodele, K.O.

Barendse, P.S.

Boje, E..

Chowdhury, S..

Folly, K.A..

Gaunt, C.T..

University of Johannesburg Bokoro, P..

Doorsamy, W..

Muteba, M.C..

Nicolae, D-V.

Pentz, D.C.

University of KwaZulu-Natal Dorrell, D.G.

Goudarzi, A.

Saha, A.K..

Swanson, A.G..

University of Ontario Institute of Technology,

Canada

Aditya, K.

University of the Witwatersrand Braid, J.I.

Chingozha, T.

Cronje, W.A.

Grant, M.D.

Hofsajer, I.W.

Lange, J.H.

Mahmood, A.

Masisi, L.

Nixon, K.J.

Nyamupangedengu, C.

Nyandoro, O.T.

Shuma-Iwisi, M..

Trengove, E.

Van Coller, J.M.

West, N.J.

Yen, Y-C.J.

Disclaimer: Authors are responsible for the contents of the papers.

Keynote Speaker - Dr. Rob Stephen

Dr. Rob Stephen was born in Johannesburg South Africa. He graduated from the University of the

Witwatersrand in 1979 with a BSc Electrical Engineering degree. He joined Eskom the electrical utility

in 1980. He holds both MSc, MBA degrees as well as a PhD in overhead line design. He is currently the

Master Specialist in the Technology Group in Eskom and is responsible for distribution and transmission

technologies of all voltages covering both AC and DC and was responsible for the smart grid strategy

for Eskom. He is past chairman of Cigre SC B2 on overhead lines, and has held positions in Cigre of

Special Reporter and Working Group Chairman and has authored over 100 technical papers. He was

recently elected International President of Cigre in 2016. He is also a Fellow of the SAIEE and was

elected Honorary Vice President in 2005. He received the SAIEE President’s award in 2016.

Keynote Speaker - Ms. Liping Jiang

Ms. Liping Jiang, senior engineer, is currently the deputy president of the State Grid Energy Research

Institute. She is also project committee member of the World Energy Council (WEC), member of the

International Society of Solar Energy (ISES), deputy director of the Study Committee of Concentrating

Solar Power (CSP) of the Chinese Society for Electrical Engineering (CSEE), and deputy director of

the Study Committee of Energy Economics of China Energy Research Society (CERS). She has long

been engaged in energy and power technological and economic research work, especially in the field of

strategic planning, policy, market building and regulation of energy and power sector, and has a rich

experience of relevant research and consulting projects. She has hosted and participated in 100+ projects

commissioned by the national authorities, local governments, power companies, as well as domestic and

foreign institutes.

Keynote Speaker - Prof. Malcolm McCulloch

In 1993 Malcolm moved to Oxford University where he started the Electrical Power Group. Climate

change, resource depletion and social inequity are the challenges facing our civilisation. The group’s

focus is to develop and commercialise technologies for sustainable energy systems. Malcolm has active

research programmes addressing the challenges of new power grids for Africa, transforming existing grid

systems globally and the convergence of mobility and energy.

Developing new systems to meet the need of providing sustainable electricity to the 1.3 billion people

without access to electricity provides a triple benefit - 1) the end users benefit from the provision of

the service, 2) lack of significant existing infrastructure enables clean sheet thinking and 3) the insights

gained are often relevant globally. By understanding the end users’ current and future needs and capa-

bilities ensures innovations in energy system are fit for purpose. Specific projects include multi-level grid

architectures, portfolio design to meet the flexibility needs and ultra-low cost distribution.

In the transport sector, he has developed the power train the first-ever Hydrogen sports car. This project

led to the development of high-efficiency low-weight motors using new materials and topologies. This is

commercialised by Yasa Motors, of which Malcolm is also a founder. Malcolm has founded four other

companies and three not-for-profits.

His research now brings together the strands of energy and mobility. The rapid rise of electric vehicles

needs careful consideration if it is to be compatible with the power system. Work on minimising the effect

on both the national and local infrastructure is yielding insights relevant to a wide range of stakeholders.

Malcolm believes that developing the technology is only the start. There needs to be a public awareness

of the seriousness of the problems. Therefore he has been instrumental, together with a small team of

people, in conceiving and developing Tipping Point, an annual event to bring some of the top artists and

climate scientists together. Through the creative use of the open space format, this forum has proved

to be extremely successful and has found international acceptance. This has led to Malcolm being an

advisor to Ian McKewan for his book Solar.

He presents his research to a wide range of audiences, from schools to the World Economic Forum.

Malcolm has over 150 publications and 25 patents and patent applications.

26th Southern African Universities Power Engineering Conference 24 -26 January 2018

Hosted by the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

CONFERENCE PROGRAMME

Time

08:00-15:00

15:00-16:00

16:00-16:30

16:30-17:30

D-1

Earth grid design for 400kV Neiuwehoop substation using CDEGS

platform

Ndhlamblenze, S., Hlalele, T.S., Sumbwanyambe, M.

D-9

Performance analysis of the monocrystalline single face array,

monocrystalline bifacial array with pavement surface and

monocrystalline bifacial array with grass surface of the ground-

mounted dual axis tracker plant

Mudau, U.B., Kuepker, U., Simelane, S.N.

D-17

Impact of using High Surge Impedance Loading lines (HSIL) in place

of series capacitors on long high voltage transmission lines.

Maphumulo, T.P., Van Coller, J.M., Stephen, R.

D-25

Energy efficiency evaluation of a bagasse gasification system for the

South African sugar industry

Nene, S W., Akindeji, K.T.

D-2

Optimization of online bushing monitoring system to predict power

transformer bushing failures in distribution networks.

Vermaak, H.J., Motau, T.

D-10

Analysis of tracking on insulating pressboards used in high voltage

transformers

Okon, N., Swanson, A.

D-18

Investigation of 11 kV overhead distribution lines uprating at Tutuka

Power Station

Mathuradas, K.R., Strelec, G.J., Mushabe, S.A.

D-26PV integration to grid with a battery storage system

Binini, G., Mashile, T.W., Mbungu, N.T., Siti, M.W.

D-3

Final pass rate fluctuations of power engineering students may be

related to load shedding, and not load shifting

Swart, A.J.

D-11

The effects of adding decoupled terms in the pi-controller structure

of a VSC-based PMSG turbine

Sukati, K.S., Dorrell, D.G., Agee, J.T.

D-19

A review of recent optimal energy management studies on grid-

integrated renewable energy systems applying time-of-use tariff

strategy

Pienaar, S.B., Kusakana, K., Manditereza, P.T.

D-27

Validation of electromagnetic energy conversion from transmission

line reflections

Habumugisha, D., Hofsajer, I.W.

D-4

Investigation into high impedance fault detection on a rural medium

voltage overhead distribution network

Jooste, F., Bisschoff, W.A., Beutel, A.

D-12

Challenges in power systems operations, analyses, computations and

application of cloud computing in electrical power systems

Saha, A.K.

D-20

Creating an artificial defects in insulation to study phase-resolved

partial discharge patterns

Kyere, I.K., Walker, J.J.

D-28

High-speed video analysis of lightning flashes over Johannesburg,

South Africa

Tasman, J., Fensham, H., Schumann, C., Hunt, H.G.P., Nixon, K.J.,

Warner, T.A.

D-5

Proposed adaptive overcurrent protective relaying in a reliable

micro-grid system

Hasan, A.N., Dlamini, L.V.

D-13Solar power generation plant

Ncane, Z.P., Saha, A.K.D-21

The desalination of ocean water, using renewable energy sources for

the city of Cape Town

Thakoordeen, R.R., Ojo, E.E., Ijumba, N.M.

D-6

Development of a simulation-based practical for electrical power

engineering education

Saha, A.K.

D-14

Reconfiguration of Mitchells Plain 11kV Medium Voltage (MV)

network

Chitaukire, D., Hlalele, T.S., Sumbwanyambe, M.

D-22

Design and analysis of an inductor for 19kV, 500Hz accelerated

cable ageing system using finite element analysis technique

Adeniyi, A.O., Walker, J.J.

D-7

Improving reliability on distribution systems by means of network

reconfiguration

Bhugwandeen, R., Saha, A.K.

D-15

Contributions of cattle slurry and poultry waste generated biogas

to South African power grid

Adebayo, A.O., Adebayo, A.O.

D-23

Condition monitoring developments for asset management in MV

switchgear within with Ethekwini electricity

Lokothwayo, M.P., Malima, A., Ntombela, P.

D-8Substation SCADA & automation systems in the port of Durban

Mnukwa, S., Saha, A.K.D-16

Investigation into the issues associated with closing an automated

Normally Open (N/O) point on three Medium Voltage (MV)

networks where Fault Location, Isolation and Service Restoration

(FLISR) is planned

Mthethwa, F., Van Coller, J.M.

D-24Control law execution with respect to control frequency

Bloem, J.H.D., Grobler, A.J., Marais, H.

Wednesday 24th January 2018

Eskom TESP - Grant holders only

Keynote Address

Dr Rob Stephen

Eskom Master Specialist & International President of CIGRE

Venue: WSS2

Registration

Venue: Wits Science Stadium (WSS) outside venues

Welcome Address

Venue: WSS2

17:45-19:30

Discussion Paper Posters & Cocktails

Chair: Prof. W.A. Cronje

Venue: Chamber of Mines Building Atrium




Time

08:30-09:30

Partial Discharge and Corona 1

Chair: Prof. K.J. Nixon

Venue: WSS1

Power Electronics 1

Chair: Prof. G. van Schoor

Venue: WSS3

Electric Machines and Drives

Prof. M. Kamper

Venue: WSS4

Renewable Energy 1

Dr J.M. Van Coller

Venue: WSS5

09:30-09:50 PDC_1

Experimental study on the influence of the sampling resistors on the

corona current pulses

Ilunga, K.G., Swanson, A.G.

PE_1An alternative model of electrical energy conversion

Matji, M.K., Hofsajer, I.W.EMD_1

Design optimisation of wound rotor synchronous wind generator

with a 16/18 non-overlap winding

Kloppers, C., Garner, K.S., Kamper, M.J.

RE_1

Evaluation of leakage current and inductor ripple current in a

transformerless single-phase full-bridge grid-tied PV inverter

Nyathi, W., Mouton, H.duT.

09:50-10:10 PDC_2

Visualization of positive and negative corona under environmental

influence with HVDC appication

Djeumen, J.S., Walker, J.J.

PE_2

Analsis of ripple current in pulsewidth modulation for flying

capacitor multilevel inverters

Jones, K.W., Saha, A.K.

EMD_2Evaluation of a linear motor for utilization in a free piston generator

Kukuni, T.G., Kotze, B.RE_2

Increasing PV penetration with D-STATCOM in a radial distribution

feeder

Ainah, P.K., Folly, K.A., Sagonda, A.F.

10:10-10:30 PDC_3

The unique signatures of PD in artificial installation defects

fabricated in MV XLPE power cable terminations

Haikali, E., Nyamupangedengu, C.

PE_3

Comparative analysis of an optimised modified phase shifted

modulation strategy for flying capacitor multilevel inverters

Jones, K.W., Saha, A.K.

EMD_3

The effect of de-magnetization current injection on a three level

inverter variable flux machine drive for traction applications

Masisi, L.

RE_3

Optimal generation dispatch model for prosumer smart grids with

pumped hydro storage

Damisa, U., Nwulu, N.I., Sun, Y.

10:30-11:00

Lightning and Surges 1

Chair: Dr A.G. Swanson

Venue: WSS1

Energy Management and Efficiency 1

Chair: Prof. K.R Uren

Venue: WSS3

Insulation and Earthing 1

Chair: Dr A.A. Beutel

Venue: WSS4

Renewable Energy 2

Chair: Prof. E. Boje

Venue: WSS5

11:00-11:20 LS_1

A review of research on lightning protection for photovoltaic

systems

Holland, I., Doorsamy, W., Nixon, K.J.

EME_1

Performance analysis of grid connected SCIG and DFIG based

windfarm

Aluko, A.O., Akindeji, K.T.

IE_1

Cahora-Bassa HVDC line nominal tower footing resistance

investigation

Strelec, G.J., Neo, L.

11:20-11:40 LS_2

Application of point on wave switching technique for the generation

of slow-front overvoltages

Oliveira, R., Bokoro, P.

EME_2Energy decomposition of industry in South Africa

Singhand, R., Biyela, T.N.IE_2

Updated electrical model of phase-to-woodpole bird electrocution

on medium voltage overhead power lines

Beutel, A., Murison, M., Hoogstad, C., Mathebula, M., McLaren, B.,

Geldenhuys, H.J., Branfield, R., Kruger, R.

11:40-12:00 LS_3

Finite-Difference Time-Domain simulation of lightning induced

voltages in a photovoltaic array

Mzileni, S.P., Morake, R., Nixon, K.J.

EME_3

Thermodynamic simulation of a scaled water heater tank heating

cycle using computation fluid dynamics

Reid, G.J., Vermeulen, H.J.

IE_3

Voltage-current behaviour of damaged High Temperature

Superconducting (HTS) tapes

Lobban, R.A., Jarvis, A.L., Khan, M.F.

RE_4

Automated spectral measurement and analysis of STC classification

by manufacturers

Botha, P.J.J., Rix, A.J.

12:00-12:20 LS_4Portable impulse generator and measurement system to test SPDs

Wilson, J., Tasman, J., West, N.EME_4

Using inverter-based wind turbine generation to provide virtual

inertia for the future South African power system

Farmer, W.J., Rix, A.J.

IE_4

Modelling insulator flashover mechanisms under hybrid electric

stress – a critical literature review

Kaaiye, S.F., Nyamupangedengu, C.

RE_5

Module-level monitoring of solar PV plants using wireless sensor

networks

Shuda, J.E., Rix, A.J., Booysen, M.J.

12:20-13:20

Thursday 25th January 2018 - Morning

Keynote Address

Ms. Liping Jiang

Deputy President of State Grid Energy Research Institute

Venue: WSS2

Tea Break

Lunch

ABB - Distributed energy resource management




Time


Chair: Dr P. Bokoro

Venue: WSS1

Reliability and Condition Monitoring 1

Chair: Dr D.T. Oyedokun

Venue: WSS3

Power Systems & Energy Conversion

Chair: Dr W. Doorsamy

Venue: WSS4

Transmission and Distribution Networks 1

Chair: Prof. D.G. Dorrell

Venue: WSS5

13:20-13:40 RCM_1

Interpretational scheme for power transformer Sweep Frequency

Response Analysis fingerprint under various winding deformation

Thango, B.A., Nhlanhla, L.M., Nnachi, A.F., Jordaan, J.A.

PSEC_1A repulsion magnetic levitation system using permanent magnet

Gasa, S., Ghayoor, F., Goudarzi, A.

13:40-14:00 RCM_2

A high impedance fault diagnosis technique in power distribution

network based on local polynomial approximation and support

vector machine

Moloi, K., Jordaan, J.A., Hamam, Y.

PSEC_2

Frequency deviation rate limiting via modulated virtual synchronous

inertia

Lange, J.H., Cronje, W.A.

14:00-14:20 LS_5

Improving lightning performance on high voltage overhead shielded

networks by reducing tower footing earthing resistance

Naidoo, N., Khan, M.F., Swanson, A.G.

RCM_3

A comparison of voltage stability assessment techniques in a power

system

Adebayo, I.G., Sun, Y.

PSEC_3

Protection based distributed generation penetration limits for the

South African NRS 097-2-3 standard

Nxumalo, E., Awodele, K.O., Sebitosi, A.B.

TDM_1

Fault detection and classification using discrete wavelet transforms

and a microcontroller in distance protection

Nekare, J.S., Awodele, K.O.

14:20-14:40 LS_6

Impulse generator design to investigate indirect lightning strike

effects on utility-scale photovoltaic installations

Coetzer, K.M., Rix, A.J., Wiid, P.G.

PSEC_4Applications of GOOSE messaging for breaker fail protection

Sparks, N.B., Saha, A.K.TDM_2

Solution to reactive power allocation problem through network

structural characteristics theory

Alayande, A.S., Nnamdi, N.

14:40-15:10

Partial Discharge and Corona 2

Chair: Prof. J.J. Walker

Venue: WSS1

Load Modeling and Demand Side Management 2

Chair: Prof. H.J. Vermeulen

Venue: WSS3


Chair: Prof. A.K. Saha

Venue: WSS4

Smart Grid and Micro Grids

Chair: Prof. I.W. Hofsajer

Venue: WSS5

15:10-15:30 PDC_4Corona spectra in different gases

Fernandes, F.A., Limalia, A., Van Coller, J.M.

LMDSM_

1

Demand side management at the CSIR campus

Duma, T.C., Mukoma, P., Simelane, S.RCM_4

New approach for condition monitoring of DC substation harmonic

filters by means of impedance measurement

Breedt, P.G., Cronje, W.A.

15:30-15:50 PDC_5

The effect of supply voltage frequency on cavity partial discharge

mechanisms

Senoamadi, J., Mabodi, R., Nyamupangedengu, C.

LMDSM_

2

Optimised battery system sizing strategy for peak load shaving using

Cook's distance

de Beer, B., Rix, A.J.

RCM_5

Multiphysics simulation of mineral and ester based transformer

winding

Nayager, S., Singh, A., Swanson, A.G., Khan, M.F.

15:50-16:10 PDC_6

Evaluation of ac and dc breakdown strength of carbon

nanosphere/epoxy nanodielectrics

Sitole, S., Nyamupangedengu, C., Hank, A.M.

LMDSM_

3

Development of a scalable corrosion-free, solid-concrete geyser

Khumalo, F.T., Mokwena, I.G., Braid, J.I.RCM_7

Finite element model for dielectric assessment of mineral and ester

based transformer winding

Nayager, S., Swanson, A.G., Singh, A., Khan, M.F., Molabe, G.

SGMG_1

Mitigating the effects of data availability attacks in a smart grid AMI

network by using effective network planning approach

Diovu, R.C., Agee, J.T.

16:10-16:30 PDC_7

Potential application of transmission line arresters on the Cahora-

Bassa HVDC line

Strelec, G.J., Makena, K.E.

LMDSM_

4

Aggregated load modelling for all electric water heaters in S.A.:

analytical energy-based and state-queuing model

Cheung, S., Vorajee, M.H., Yen, Y-C.J.

RCM_6Business intelligence model for electricity fault monitoring

Frost, C.M., Kooblal, A.SGMG_2

The opportunity for artificial intelligence in grid integrated roof-top

PV and battery storage

Swanepoel, C.G., van Schoor, G., Uren, K.R., Rens, A.P.J.

16:30-17:30

18:00-21:00

Gala Dinner

Venue: The Kerzner Building

School of Tourism and Hospitality

University of Johannesburg

57 Bunting Road, Cottesloe

SIEMENS - Power Engineering Education

Thursday 25th January 2018 - Afternoon

Keynote Address

Prof. Malcolm McCulloch

Head of the Electrical Power Group, University of Oxford

Venue: WSS2

ABB - PowerStore Battery

Easy power transformation through smart energy

Tea Break

SIEMENS - Microgrids and smart grids




Time


Chair: Mr A.M. Hank

Venue: WSS1

Transmission, Distribution and Rectification Networks 2

Chair: Prof. C. Nyamupangedengu

Venue: WSS3


Chair: Prof. R. Gouws

Venue: WSS4

Protection and System Automation 1

Chair: Dr B.S. Rigby

Venue: WSS5

09:00-09:20 IE_5

A mathematical reliability model for an 88 kV XLPE cable

termination

Chimunda, S., Nyamupangedengu, C.

RCM_8Internet-of-things solution to distribution pole monitoring

Hardy, J., Boje, E.

09:20-09:40 IE_6

An investigation into woodpole BIL gap length and reticulation

structure phase to earth lightning impulse flashover voltage

Docrat, Z., Swanson, A.G., Khan, M.F., Livingstone, M., Smith, B.

RCM_9

Utilising the condition monitoring of power transformer bushings to

improve network performance and utility asset life management

Rashid, M.F., Moodley, L., Swanson, A.G., Khan, M.F.

09:40-10:00 IE_7

Earthing design for high tower footing resistance on Cahora-Bassa

HVDC line tower 73

Strelec, G.J., Mahlangu, T.D.

TDM_3

A framework for allocation of transmission loss in electric power

network to generators

Yusuff, A.A.

RCM_10

A review of current signature analysis for condition monitoring of

wound rotor induction generator and fault diagnosis techniques

Swana, E.F., Doorsamy, W.

PSA_1

Design, simulation and implementation of under- and overvoltage

relays

Sparks, N.B., Saha, A.K.

10:20-10:40 IE_8

Experimental evaluation and comparative analysis of Extra-High and

Ultra-High Voltage spacer-dampers used on South African overhead

lines

Kubelwa, Y.D., Swanson, A.G., Dorrell, D.G., Papailiou, K.O.

TDM_4

Proposed substation general arrangement on networks that needs

to be upgraded

Pienaar, S.B., Kusakana, K., Manditereza, P.T.

RCM_11

Evaluation of a pseudo-random impulse sequence as an excitation

signal for power system equipment

Mwaniki, F.M., Vermeulen, H.J., Viljoen, J.P.

PSA_2

Implementation of a multi-protocol substation communication and

automation network

Sparks, N.B., Saha, A.K.

10:40-11:10


Chair: Dr N.J. West

Venue: WSS1


Chair: Mr. J.I. Braid

Venue: WSS3

Power Generation and Energy Economics and Tarrifs

Chair: Prof. M.D. McCulloch

Venue: WSS4

11:10-11:30 EME_5

Analytical evaluation of the thermal energy losses of a residential air

source heat pump water heater

Yongoua, J., Tangwe, S., Simon, M.

PGEET_1

Energy storage and sector coupling for high renewable power

generation scenarios for South Africa

Klein, P., Carter Brown, C., Wright, J.W., Calitz, J.R.

11:30-11:50 EME_6

Comparison of vertical EWH energy replacement methodologies

for most accurate modelling of electrical load

Nyembe, B.H., Mkhabela, S., Yen, Y-C.J.

PGEET_2

Epsilon-constraint method for solution to the combined economic

and emission dispatch problem

Damisa, U., Oluseyi, P., I. Nwulu, N., Sun, Y.

11:50-12:10 RCM_12Component failure analysis for reliability modelling

Bhugwandeen, R., Saha, A.K.EME_7

Blockchain technology: a review of prospects and challenges for

peer-to-peer energy trading in South African microgrids

Jagadeesan, N., Awodele, K.O., Sebitosi, A.B.

PGEET_3

A conceptual framework for assessing the economic costs of

electricity disruptions

Akpeji, K.O., Olasoji, A., Gaunt, C.T., Folly, K.A., Awodele, K.O.,

Oyedokun, D.T.

12:10-12:30 RCM_13

Reliability evaluation of substation communication automation based

on IEC 61850 using analytical and Monte Carlo simulation

techniques

Ntotho, Y., Awodele, K.O.

PGEET_4

Review on appropriate export tariff structure of locally generated

power from distributed energy resources

Bosaletsi, O.E.T., Van Coller, J.M.

Coffee Break

Friday 26th January 2018 - Morning

Schneider Electric - Cloud and the future of industrial

automationSIEMENS - High voltage engineering

ABB - Connected Asset Lifecycle Management (CALM)




Time

12:30-13:30


Chair: Prof. A.J. Grobler

Venue: WSS1

Power Electronics 2

Chair: Dr L. Masisi

Venue: WSS3

Chair: Dr S.P. Levitt

Venue: WSS4

13:30-13:50 EME_8

Autonomous control solution based on finite state machine

concepts for a low voltage, low power, dc grid

Dangor, M.R.E., Cronje, W.A.

PE_4

A transformerless, single phase, multilevel inverter for grid-tie PV

applications

Senekal, R., Mouton, H.duT., Beukes, H.J.

14:10-14:30 EME_9

A review on the energy and environmental impact of three

generations of space conditioning devices.

Glory, B.M., Tangwe, S., Simon, M.

PE_5

Designing a filter network for high current dc-dc converters on a

low voltage dc grid

Aswat, M., Cronje, W.A.

14:30-14:50 EME_10

Comparison of aggregated effects of a 50% experimental draw event

in a vertical and horizontal EWH

Yen, Y-C.J., Nixon, K.J., Cronje, W.A.

PE_6

Event-based energy conversion simulator using a transmission line

approach

Dikgale, M.B., Ngwepe, M.K., Hofsajer, I.W.

14:50-15:10Closing Session

Venue: WSS2

Lunch

Schneider Electric - Cloud and the future of industrial

automation

Friday 26th January 2018 - Afternoon

Session Chairs

Prof. K.J. Nixon Prof. G. van Schoor Prof. M. Kamper Dr J.M. Van Coller

Dr A.G. Swanson Prof. K.R. Uren Dr A. Beutel Prof. E. Boje

Dr P. Bokoro Dr D.T. Oyedokun Dr W. Doorsamy Prof. D.G. Dorrell

Prof. J.J. Walker Prof. H.J. Vermeulen Dr A.K. Saha Prof. I.W. Hofsajer

Mr A.M. Hank Prof. C. Nyamupa Prof. R. Gouws Dr B.S. Rigby

Dr N.J. West Mr J.I. Braid Prof. M.D. McCulloch

Prof. A.J. Grobler Dr L. Masisi Dr S.P. Levitt

Map of Important Locations and Venue Layout

Exhibition area

Conference

venues

WITS Science Stadium

SAUPEC 2018

WSS3

WSS4

WSS5

WSS2

WSS1

List of previous SAUPEC conferences

No. Year Dates Place Host(s)

1 1990 25 - 26 Jan Stellenbosch University of Stellenbosch

2 1991 17 - 18 Jan Johannesburg University of the Witwatersrand

Randse Afrikaanse Universiteit

3 1992 13 - 14 Jul Durban University of Natal

4 1994 13 - 14 Jan Cape Town University of Cape Town

Cape Technikon

5 1995 19 - 20 Jan Pretoria University of Pretoria

Pretoria Technikon



8 1999 19 - 20 Jan Potchefstroom Potchefstroom University of Christian Higher

Education

9 2000 27 - 28 Jan Durban University of Natal


11 2002 31 Jan - 1 Feb Vanderbijlpark Vaal Triangle Technicon

12 2003 30 - 31 Jan Pretoria Pretoria Technikon



15 2006 26 - 27 Jan Durban University of KwaZulu-Natal


17 2008 24 - 25 Jan Durban Durban University of Technology



20 2011 13 - 15 Jul Cape Town University of Cape Town

21 2013 31 Jan - 1 Feb Potchefstroom North-West University

22 2014 30 - 31 Jan Durban University of KwaZulu-Natal

Durban University of Technology

23 2015 28 - 30 Jan Johannesburg University of Johannesburg

24 2016 26 - 28 Jan VanderBijl Park Vaal University of Technology

25 2017 30 Jan - 1 Feb Stellenbosch University of Stellenbosch

Table of Contents

Electric Machines and Drives 1

EMD-1: Design optimisation of wound rotor synchronous wind generator with a 16/18 non-overlapwindingKloppers, C., Garner, K.S., Kamper, M.J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

EMD-2: Evaluation of a linear motor for utilization in a free piston generatorKukuni, T.G., Kotze, B. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

EMD-3: The effect of de-magnetization current injection on a three level inverter variable fluxmachine drive for traction applicationsMasisi, L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13


EME-1: Performance analysis of grid connected SCIG and DFIG based windfarmAluko, A.O., Akindeji, K.T. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

EME-2: Energy decomposition of industry in South AfricaSinghand, R., Biyela, T.N. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

EME-3: Thermodynamic simulation of a scaled water heater tank heating cycle using computationfluid dynamicsReid, G.J., Vermeulen, H.J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

EME-4: Using inverter-based wind turbine generation to provide virtual inertia for the futureSouth African power systemFarmer, W.J., Rix, A.J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

EME-5: Analytical evaluation of the thermal energy losses of a residential air source heat pumpwater heaterYongoua, J., Tangwe, S., Simon, M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

EME-6: Comparison of vertical EWH energy replacement methodologies for most accurate mod-elling of electrical loadNyembe, B.H., Mkhabela, S., Yen, Y-C.J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

EME-7: Blockchain technology: a review of prospects and challenges for peer-to-peer energy trad-ing in South African microgridsJagadeesan, N., Awodele, K.O., Sebitosi, A.B. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

EME-8: Autonomous control solution based on finite state machine concepts for a low voltage, lowpower, dc gridDangor, M.R.E., Cronje, W.A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

EME-9: A review on the energy and environmental impact of three generations of space condition-ing devices.Glory, B.M., Tangwe, S., Simon, M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

EME-10: Comparison of aggregated effects of a 50% experimental draw event in a vertical andhorizontal EWHYen, Y-C.J., Nixon, K.J., Cronje, W.A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

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IE-1: Cahora-Bassa HVDC line nominal tower footing resistance investigationStrelec, G.J., Neo, L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

IE-2: Updated electrical model of phase-to-woodpole bird electrocution on medium voltage over-head power linesBeutel, A., Murison, M., Hoogstad, C., Mathebula, M., McLaren, B., Geldenhuys, H.J., Branfield,

R., Kruger, R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

IE-3: Voltage-current behaviour of damaged High Temperature Superconducting (HTS) tapesLobban, R.A., Jarvis, A.L., Khan, M.F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

IE-4: Modelling insulator flashover mechanisms under hybrid electric stress - a critical literaturereviewKaaiye, S.F., Nyamupangedengu, C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

IE-5: A mathematical reliability model for an 88 kV XLPE cable terminationChimunda, S., Nyamupangedengu, C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

IE-6: An investigation into woodpole BIL gap length and reticulation structure phase to earthlightning impulse flashover voltageDocrat, Z., Swanson, A.G., Khan, M.F., Livingstone, M., Smith, B. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

IE-7: Earthing design for high tower footing resistance on Cahora-Bassa HVDC line tower 73Strelec, G.J., Mahlangu, T.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

IE-8: Experimental evaluation and comparative analysis of Extra-High and Ultra-High Voltagespacer-dampers used on South African overhead linesKubelwa, Y.D., Swanson, A.G., Dorrell, D.G., Papailiou, K.O. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

Load Modelling and Demand Side Management 125

LMDSM-1: Demand side management at the CSIR campusDuma, T.C., Mukoma, P., Simelane, S.N. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

LMDSM-2: Optimised battery system sizing strategy for peak load shaving using Cook’s distancede Beer, B., Rix, A.J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

LMDSM-3: Development of a scalable corrosion-free, solid-concrete geyserKhumalo, F.T., Mokwena, I.G., Braid, J.I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138

LMDSM-4: Aggregated load modelling for all electric water heaters in S.A.: analytical energy-based and state-queuing modelCheung, S., Vorajee, M.H., Yen, Y-C.J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144


LS-1: A review of research on lightning protection for photovoltaic systemsHolland, I., Doorsamy, W., Nixon, K.J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

LS-2: Application of point on wave switching technique for the generation of slow-front overvoltagesOliveira, R., Bokoro, P. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

LS-3: Finite-Difference Time-Domain simulation of lightning induced voltages in a photovoltaicarrayMzileni, S.P., Morake, R., Nixon, K.J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164

LS-4: Portable impulse generator and measurement system to test SPDsWilson, J., Tasman, J., West, N. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170

LS-5: Improving lightning performance on high voltage overhead shielded networks by reducingtower footing earthing resistanceNaidoo, N., Khan, M.F., Swanson, A.G. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175

LS-6: Impulse generator design to investigate indirect lightning strike effects on utility-scale pho-tovoltaic installationsCoetzer, K.M., Rix, A.J., Wiid, P.G. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181

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Partial Discharges and Corona 186

PDC-1: Experimental study on the influence of the sampling resistors on the corona current pulsesIlunga, K.G., Swanson, A.G. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187

PDC-2: Visualization of positive and negative corona under environmental influence with HVDCappicationDjeumen, J.S., Walker, J.J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193

PDC-3: The unique signatures of PD in artificial installation defects fabricated in MV XLPE powercable terminationsHaikali, E., Nyamupangedengu, C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198

PDC-4: Corona spectra in different gasesFernandes, F.A., Limalia, A., Van Coller, J.M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204

PDC-5: The effect of supply voltage frequency on cavity partial discharge mechanismsSenoamadi, J., Mabodi, R., Nyamupangedengu, C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210

PDC-6: Evaluation of ac and dc breakdown strength of carbon nanosphere/epoxy nanodielectricsSitole, S., Nyamupangedengu, C., Hank, A.M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216

PDC-7: Potential application of transmission line arresters on the Cahora-Bassa HVDC lineStrelec, G.J., Makena, K.E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222

Power Electronics 227

PE-1: An alternative model of electrical energy conversionMatji, M.K., Hofsajer, I.W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228

PE-2: Analsis of ripple current in pulsewidth modulation for flying capacitor multilevel invertersJones, K.W., Saha, A.K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234

PE-3: Comparative analysis of an optimised modified phase shifted modulation strategy for flyingcapacitor multilevel invertersJones, K.W., Saha, A.K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240

PE-4: A transformerless, single phase, multilevel inverter for grid-tie PV applicationsSenekal, R., Mouton, H.duT., Beukes, H.J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246

PE-5: Designing a filter network for high current dc-dc converters on a low voltage dc gridAswat, M., Cronje, W.A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254

PE-6: Event-based energy conversion simulator using a transmission line approachDikgale, M.B., Ngwepe, M.K., Hofsajer, I.W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260

Power Generation and Energy Economics and Tariffs 266

PGEET-1: Energy storage and sector coupling for high renewable power generation scenarios forSouth AfricaKlein, P., Carter Brown, C., Wright, J.W., Calitz, J.R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267

PGEET-2: Epsilon-constraint method for solution to the combined economic and emission dispatchproblemDamisa, U., Oluseyi, P., I. Nwulu, N., Sun, Y. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273

PGEET-3: A conceptual framework for assessing the economic costs of electricity disruptionsAkpeji, K.O., Olasoji, A., Gaunt, C.T., Folly, K.A., Awodele, K.O., Oyedokun, D.T. . . . . . . . 278

PGEET-4: Review on appropriate export tariff structure of locally generated power from dis-tributed energy resourcesBosaletsi, O.E.T., Van Coller, J.M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283

Protection and System Automation 288

PSA-1: Design, simulation and implementation of under- and overvoltage relaysSparks, N.B., Saha, A.K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289

PSA-2: Implementation of a multi-protocol substation communication and automation networkSparks, N.B., Saha, A.K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295

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Power Systems and Energy Conversion 301

PSEC-1: A repulsion magnetic levitation system using permanent magnetGasa, S., Ghayoor, F., Goudarzi, A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302

PSEC-2: Frequency deviation rate limiting via modulated virtual synchronous inertiaLange, J.H., Cronje, W.A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307

PSEC-3: Protection based distributed generation penetration limits for the South African NRS097-2-3 standardNxumalo, E., Awodele, K.O., Sebitosi, A.B. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313

PSEC-4: Applications of GOOSE messaging for breaker fail protectionSparks, N.B., Saha, A.K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319


RCM-1: Interpretational scheme for power transformer Sweep Frequency Response Analysis fin-gerprint under various winding deformationThango, B.A., Nhlanhla, L.M., Nnachi, A.F., Jordaan, J.A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326

RCM-2: A high impedance fault diagnosis technique in power distribution network based on localpolynomial approximation and support vector machineMoloi, K., Jordaan, J.A., Hamam, Y. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334

RCM-3: A comparison of voltage stability assessment techniques in a power systemAdebayo, I.G., Sun, Y. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341

RCM-4: New approach for condition monitoring of DC substation harmonic filters by means ofimpedance measurementBreedt, P.G., Cronje, W.A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346

RCM-5: Multiphysics simulation of mineral and ester based transformer windingNayager, Singh, A., Swanson, A.G., Khan, M.F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352

RCM-6: Business intelligence model for electricity fault monitoringFrost, C.M., Kooblal, A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358

RCM-7: Finite element model for dielectric assessment of mineral and ester based transformerwindingNayager, S., Swanson, A.G., Singh, A., Khan, M.F., Molabe, G. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363

RCM-8: Internet-of-things solution to distribution pole monitoringHardy, J., Boje, E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369

RCM-9: Utilising the condition monitoring of power transformer bushings to improve networkperformance and utility asset life managementRashid, M.F., Moodley, L., Swanson, A.G., Khan, M.F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375

RCM-10: A review of current signature analysis for condition monitoring of wound rotor inductiongenerator and fault diagnosis techniquesSwana, E.F., Doorsamy, W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381

RCM-11: Evaluation of a pseudo-random impulse sequence as an excitation signal for power systemequipmentMwaniki, F.M., Vermeulen, H.J., Viljoen, J.P. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387

RCM-12: Component failure analysis for reliability modellingBhugwandeen, R., Saha, A.K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393

RCM-13: Reliability evaluation of substation communication automation based on IEC 61850 usinganalytical and Monte Carlo simulation techniquesNtotho, Y., Awodele, K.O. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399

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Renewable Energy 405

RE-1: Evaluation of leakage current and inductor ripple current in a transformerless single-phasefull-bridge grid-tied PV inverterNyathi, W., Mouton, H.duT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406

RE-2: Increasing PV penetration with D-STATCOM in a radial distribution feederAinah, P.K., Folly, K.A., Sagonda, A.F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412

RE-3: Optimal generation dispatch model for prosumer smart grids with pumped hydro storageDamisa, U., Nwulu, N.I., Sun, Y. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418

RE-4: Automated spectral measurement and analysis of STC classification by manufacturersBotha, P.J.J., Rix, A.J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424

RE-5: Module-level monitoring of solar PV plants using wireless sensor networksShuda, J.E., Rix, A.J., Booysen, M.J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430

Smart Grid and Micro Grids 436

SGMG-1: Mitigating the effects of data availability attacks in a smart grid AMI network by usingeffective network planning approachDiovu, R.C., Agee, J.T. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437

SGMG-2: The opportunity for artificial intelligence in grid integrated roof-top PV and batterystorageSwanepoel, C.G., van Schoor, G., Uren, K.R., Rens, A.P.J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444

Transmission and Distribution Networks 450

TDM-1: Fault detection and classification using discrete wavelet transforms and a microcontrollerin distance protectionNekare, J.S., Awodele, K.O. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451

TDM-2: Solution to reactive power allocation problem through network structural characteristicstheoryAlayande, A.S., Nnamdi, N. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457

TDM-3: A framework for allocation of transmission loss in electric power network to generatorsYusuff, A.A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462

TDM-4: Proposed substation general arrangement on networks that needs to be upgradedPienaar, S.B., Kusakana, K., Manditereza, P.T. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468

Discussion Papers 474

D-1: Earth grid design for 400kV Neiuwehoop substation using CDEGS platformNdhlamblenze, S., Hlalele, T.S., Sumbwanyambe, M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475

D-2: Optimization of online bushing monitoring system to predict power transformer bushingfailures in distribution networks.Vermaak, H.J., Motau, T. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481

D-3: Final pass rate fluctuations of power engineering students may be related to load shedding,and not load shiftingSwart, A.J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487

D-4: Investigation into high impedance fault detection on a rural medium voltage overhead distri-bution networkJooste, F., Bisschoff, W.A., Beutel, A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493

D-5: Proposed adaptive overcurrent protective relaying in a reliable micro-grid systemHasan, A.N., Dlamini, L.V. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497

D-6: Development of a simulation-based practical for electrical power engineering educationSaha, A.K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502

D-7: Improving reliability on distribution systems by means of network reconfigurationBhugwandeen, R., Saha, A.K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 508

D-8: Substation SCADA & automation systems in the port of DurbanMnukwa, S., Saha, A.K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514

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D-9: Performance analysis of the monocrystalline single face array, monocrystalline bifacial ar-ray with pavement surface and monocrystalline bifacial array with grass surface of the ground-mounted dual axis tracker plantMudau, U.B., Kuepker, U., Simelane, S.N. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 520

D-10: Analysis of tracking on insulating pressboards used in high voltage transformersOkon, N., Swanson, A.G. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 524

D-11: The effects of adding decoupled terms in the pi-controller structure of a VSC-based PMSGturbineSukati, K.S., Dorrell, D.G., Agee, J.T. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531

D-12: Challenges in power systems operations, analyses, computations and application of cloudcomputing in electrical power systemsSaha, A.K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 537

D-13: Solar power generation plantNcane, Z.P., Saha, A.K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 543

D-14: Reconfiguration of mitchells plain 11kV Medium Voltage (MV) networkChitaukire, D., Hlalele, T.S., Sumbwanyambe, M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549

D-15: Contributions of cattle slurry and poultry waste generated biogas to South African powergridAdebayo, A.O., Adebayo, A.O. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555

D-16: Investigation into the issues associated with closing an automated Normally Open (N/O)point on three Medium Voltage (MV) networks where Fault Location, Isolation and ServiceRestoration (FLISR) is plannedMthethwa, F., Van Coller, J.M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 559

D-17: Impact of using High Surge Impedance Loading lines (HSIL) in place of series capacitors onlong high voltage transmission lines.Maphumulo, T.P., Van Coller, J.M., Stephen, R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 566

D-18: Investigation of 11 kV overhead distribution lines uprating at Tutuka Power StationMathuradas, K.R., Strelec, G.J., Mushabe, S.A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 572

D-19: A review of recent optimal energy management studies on grid-integrated renewable energysystems applying time-of-use tariff strategyPienaar, S.B., Kusakana, K., Manditereza, P.T. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 577

D-20: Creating an artificial defects in insulation to study phase-resolved partial discharge patternsKyere, I.K., Walker, J.J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 583

D-21: The desalination of ocean water, using renewable energy sources for the city of Cape TownThakoordeen, R.R., Ojo, E.E., Ijumba, N.M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 588

D-22: Design and analysis of an inductor for 19kV, 500Hz accelerated cable ageing system usingfinite element analysis techniqueAdeniyi, A.O., Walker, J.J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 594

D-23: Condition monitoring developments for asset management in MV switchgear within withEthekwini electricityLokothwayo, M.P., Malima, A., Ntombela, P. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 598

D-24: Control law execution with respect to control frequencyBloem, J.H.D., Grobler, A.J., Marais, H. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603

D-25: Energy efficiency evaluation of a bagasse gasification system for the South African sugarindustryNene, S W., Akindeji, K.T. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 610

D-26: PV integration to grid with a battery storage systemBinini, G., Mashile, T.W., Mbungu, N.T., Siti, M.W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 616

D-27: Validation of electromagnetic energy conversion from transmission line reflectionsHabumugisha, D., Hofsajer, I.W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 623

D-28: High-speed video analysis of lightning flashes over Johannesburg, South AfricaTasman, J., Fensham, H., Schumann, C., Hunt, H.G.P., Nixon, K.J., Warner, T.A. . . . . . . . . 629

Author Index 634

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