>Manning is a transgender woman>Twice attempted suicide while being held at a men’s prison.>44th President had commuted the sentence, notpardoned her>commute vs pardon >"The crime wasn't forgiven, but the penalty has been reduced."

>Chelsea Elizabeth Manning is a United States Army soldier who was convicted by court-martial in July 2013 of violations of the Espionage Act(जासूसी) and other offenses after disclosing to WikiLeaks

Living in a hotter world

2016- warmest year on the instrumental record since the late 19th centuryRise in global average surface temperature by about 1.1 C last year over the pre-industrial era (1750 to 1850) was aggravated(तेज) by the El Nino (little boy) [Q- Opposite] phenomenon of 2015-16NASA’s Goddard Institute for Space Studies -Rise in temperature by increased carbon dioxide and other human-made emissions into the atmosphere.”The warming pattern must be seen in the context of… 1)-Declining sea ice cover in the Arctic2)- The loss of ice sheets in Greenland and the AntarcticArctic- 13% every decade- decline sea ice- melting creates a ‘dark areas’ to sunlight, higher melting and more dark surface absorbing heat.Phenomena accelerate the rate of global warming, with consequences through climate change for coastal areas, access to water, farming and human health.

A warming globe with changes to the climate Impact-1)- Altered rainfall,2)- Drought, 3)-Floods, 4)-Lost biodiversity and 5)-Reduced crop yields would particularly affact millions in China and IndiaChinese President asserted(बात पर जोर) the importance of the Paris Agreement on climate change at the Davos(Switzerland) meeting of the World Economic Forum [Q-Theme-2017] and virtually cautioned(आगाह) incoming U.S. President Donald Trump.India’s commitment to the climate accord must be strengthened with clear and unambiguous actions.1)-Scaling up of renewable energy2)- Decline in use of fossil fuels- coal or gas Union Power Minister Piyush Goyal -increase in solar power capacity-target of 100 gigawatts by 2022But such goals become more credible action in individual States to make the average citizen a partner in the effort.

Jallikattu protesters have won the dayThe Tamil word for ox and cattle, ‘maadu’, also means wealth. Great book of wisdom- Tirukkural - education is the real ‘maadu’.The Tirukkural or Thirukkural or shortly the Kural, is a classic Tamil sangam literature -Thiruvalluvar - Tamil poet and philosopher whose contribution to Tamil literature a greatest works ever written on ethics and morality.Sangam literature is primarily secular + composed by Tamil poets, both men and womenJallikattu- sport of taming the bull, has now become a symbol of Tamil pride and identity. Though there is evidence in ancient rock art of forms of this sport.B.R. Rajam Aiyar ( Kamalambal Charithiram (The Fatal Rumour), an early Tamil novel)–disciple(शिष्य) of Swami VivekanandaIrrespective of the legislative, judicial or political outcome - pro- jallikattu protesters have won the day- But this triumphal(जीत) moment also calls for introspection(आत्मशिरीक्षण)Should ensure that the sport is regulated and animals are protected from harm

WikiLeaks is an international non-profit organisation that publishes secret information, news leaks, and classified media from anonymous sources.Its website, initiated in 2006 in Iceland by the organisation Sunshine Press,claimed a database of more than 1.2 million documents within a year of its launch.Julian Assange, an Australian Internet activist, is generally described as its founder, editor-in-chief, and director.

El Niño events are associated with a warming of the central and eastern tropical Pacific, while La Niña events are the reverse, with a sustained cooling of these same areas. These changes in the Pacific Ocean and its overlying atmosphere occur in a cycle known as the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO).El Nino, means 'little boy' in Spanish. It is a weather system which re-emerges after a gap of about two to five years in the Pacific Ocean and its effects last for about 12 months on an average. ... Such an event is usually characterized by extreme weather events in many parts of the world

Davos(Switzerland) meeting of the World Economic Forum -Theme-2017- Responsive and Responsible Leadership