two factor theory.pptx
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Group 2
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Two Factor Theory
Prof. Frederick Herzberg
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Two Factor Theory
Theory was proposed by Prof. Frederick Herzberg
Herzberg’s Motivation Hygiene Theory
The theory was based around interviews with 2!
"#erican engineers and accountants in Pittsburg in
$ different co#panies
%onc&usion' Two categories of (ob conditions which
affect the individua&’s behavior
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Two *ndependent sca&es
+atisfaction and no
satisfaction
Motivator factors
,issatisfaction and no
dissatisfaction
Hygiene factors
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Motivator Factors
"ffect (ob satisfaction but have &itt&e inf&uence on
dissatisfaction
+ources of (ob satisfaction' -satisfiers
"rises fro# intrinsic conditions of the (ob itse&f/ such
as recognition/ achieve#ent or persona& growth
01a#p&e' cha&&enging work/ recognition/ responsibi&ity
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Motivator Factors
"ssociated with (ob content
"ffect e#p&oyees abi&ity and perfor#ance at work
Presence' 0nab&es peop&e to be satisfied
"bsence' ow satisfaction/ &ow #otivation and &ow perfor#ance
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Hygiene Factors
"ffect (ob dissatisfaction but have &itt&e inf&uence on
satisfaction
+ources of (ob dissatisfaction
"rises fro# e1trinsic conditions to work itse&f such
as co#pany po&icies/ supervision/ sa&aries etc.
01a#p&e' (ob security/ sa&ary/ fringe benefits/ working
conditions
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Hygiene Factors
"ssociated with the (ob conte1t or work setting
"ffect an individua&’s wi&&ingness to work
Presence' Prevent peop&e fro# being dissatisfied
"bsence' 3esu&ts dissatisfaction
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Factors "ffecting 4ob "ttitudes
eading to ,issatisfaction
%o#pany po&icy
+upervision
3e&ationship 5boss and
peers6
7ork conditions
+a&ary
eading to satisfaction
"chieve#ent
3ecognition
7ork itse&f
3esponsibi&ities
"dvance#ent
Growth
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Two Factor Theory
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03G Theory
%&ayton "&derfer
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03G Theory
Propounded by %&ayton "&derfer
3ecategorized Mas&ow’s hierarchy of needs into !
si#p&er and broader c&asses of needs
used sa#e order of needs as Mas&ow
+atisfaction of higher order or growth needs #ake
the# #ore i#portant
"&& needs can be si#u&taneous&y active
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G
R
E
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8eeds for basic #ateria& necessities
*ndividua&’s physio&ogica& and physica& safety needs
0.g. food/ air/ water/ physica&/ &ove and affection etc.
01istence 8eed
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3e&atedness 8eed
,esires for satisfying interpersona& re&ationships
Mas&ow’s socia& needs and e1terna& co#ponents of
estee# needs
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Growth 8eed
,esires for continued psycho&ogica& growth and
deve&op#ent
8eed for se&f deve&op#ent and persona& growth and
advance#ent
Mas&ow’s se&f actua&ization and intrinsic co#ponents
of estee# needs fa&& under this category
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3e&ationship 9etween "&derfer’s
03G Theory %oncepts
+atisfaction:Progression
Moving up to higher:&eve& needs based onsatisfied needs
Frustration:3egression
"n a&ready satisfied &ower &eve& need beco#esreactivated when a higher &eve& need is frustrated
+atisfaction:+trengthening
3epeated&y strengthening a current &eve& of
satisfied needs
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03G Theory
This theory’s fra#ework recognizes that the order of
i#portance of ! categories #ay vary for eachindividua&
Therefore #anagers #ust recognize that an e#p&oyee
has #u&tip&e needs to satisfy si#u&taneous&y
Focusing on one need at a ti#e wi&& not effective&y
#otivate.