two most influential ideologies to reject classical liberalism
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Two Most Influential Ideologies To REJECT Classical Liberalism. COMMUNISM FASCISM. Both communism and fascism used totalitarian governments. Totalitarianism – use of government to exert complete control over EVERY aspect of people’s lives. On the USSR’s flag hammer = industrialization - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Two Most Influential Ideologies To REJECT Classical Liberalism
COMMUNISM
FASCISM
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Both communism and fascism used totalitarian governments
Totalitarianism – use of government to exert complete control over EVERY aspect of people’s lives
On the USSR’s flag
hammer = industrialization
scythe = collectivized agriculture
On the Nazi’s flag
Swastika – ancient symbol denoting luck
Since Hitler, to most Westerners it denotes evil
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Commonalities
Turned away from the individual and away from limited democratic governments
New technologies made totalitarianism possible and allowed rulers to maintain an extreme degree of control over their
populations
Both had one party rule (no other political parties allowed)
Both favored a collective, all-powerful state
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Both used a hierarchical structure
Single charismatic party leader
Top party members (national)
Lower party members (regional & local)
Masses of people in the nation
Obedience to and support for the party
was not-negotiable
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Totalitarianism Cartoon
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Control of the Masses
FEAR
TERROR
INTIMIDATION
INDOCTRINATION
PROPAGANDA
COERCIVE POWER
NKVD
GESTAPO
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The NVKD
was among the most brutal, repressive, and inhumane
police organisations of human history.
The NKVD's duties, while multifaceted, included the administration of the gulag's and prison system, the police, internal affairs for the police, and served as the main apparatus for carrying out the purges and mass executions of Communists
and innocent Soviet civilians in the 1930s.
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GULAGS – SOVIET FORCED LABOUR PRISONS
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During the NKVD's reign of terror (1930-1953), 786,098 Soviet people were executed, 3.5
million were imprisoned, and 2 million people died in prison and exile.
The vast majority of executions — 681,692, or 87% of the total — came in 1937 and 1938, corresponding to the years
the Soviet Government required the NKVD to fulfill a predetermined quota of arrests and
executions.
This quota indicated that each city in the country held several thousand "traitors" that must be found and executed. (Data from: The Road to Terror, Getty and Naumov, Yale University Press,
1999. Pages 587-594.)
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NKVD EXECUTIONS
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At its height in January 1, 1941, the NKVD held 1,500,524 Soviet people in prisons and
gulags.
Death rates while incarcerated (due to hunger, exhaustion, disease, and natural causes) varied from 5-10% of all new
arrivals.
The vast majority of those in prison were men (~ 93% from 1934 - 1941), with 50-70% (depending on the year
in question) between the ages of 25 and 40.
Those with a primary education or who were semi-literate were the most likely in
prison, steadily representing around 80% of the total. (Data from: The History of the Gulag, Khlevniuk, Yale University
Press, 2004, pages 307-319).
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786,098 Soviet people were executed
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One of Koba’s most famous quotes lives on in infamy: “Death solves all problems - no man, no problem.”
Joseph Stalin
Nicknames:
Man of Steel
Ruler with an Iron Fist
Koba
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Koba, it is conservatively estimated, had some 20 million problems, all of
which he solved via collectivization, dekulakization,
the famines, the Great Terror, the purges, the Gulag Archipelago, Vorkuta, Kolyma, Solovetsky,
Suhanovka - on and on it went, decade after decade after decade.
Twenty million senseless killings. Twenty million ‘problems’ solved.
Over a quarter of a century of relentless, grinding evil.
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Metaphor for Indoctrination
THINK AS YOU ARE TOLD – YOUR ARE PART OF THE COLLECTIVE
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Soviet Propaganda
One sided information designed to persuade its audience
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ADOLF HITLER
Fuehrer
The Leader of the
NAZI Party
Nationalist
Socialist German
Worker’s Party
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(Geheime Staatspolizei; Secret State Police), a police force, often including members of the SS, were responsible for state security and the consignment of people to concentration camps.
The Gestapo's main tool was the protective custody procedure which allowed it to take actions against "enemies of the Reich."
By 1934, Heinrich Himmler became head of the Gestapo throughout Germany. In 1939 the Gestapo was consolidated with other police forces to form the RSHA (Reich Security Main Office).
The RSHA, including the Gestapo and the SS, assumed the task of enslaving the "inferior races" and carried out a major role in the "Final Solution".
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Hitler’s Final Solution
Death Camps
To kill Jews, Gypsies, Religious Leaders and other Dissenters, Homosexuals, Disabled People, and all non-whites
A
U
S
C
H
W
I
T
Z
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Millions killed
Those who will NEVER FORGET
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INDOCTRINATION
IS
BRAINWASHING &
THOUGHT CONTROL
Indoctrination Cartoon
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Nazi Propaganda
One sided information designed to persuade an
audience
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Both the Communist Party and the Nazi Party demanded:Support for the party (local, regional and
national level)Controlled participation (forced into or
excluded from youth, professional, cultural or athletic groups)
Absolute loyalty to the leader and state ideology (secret police, terror, indoctrination via education and censorship of media used to achieve this)
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Demonstration of support for the party, controlled participation and absolute loyalty
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Loyalty Through Fear
“The ends justify the means.”
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FASCISM VS. COMMUNISMFASCISM
Draws support from lower classes & business.
Makes decisions in the interest of the state.
Focuses activities on the state.(national)
Corporate state (private enterprise)
Elitism Ultra-
nationalism(ethnocentric) racist
COMMUNISM Draws support from
working classes. Makes decisions in the
interest of the working class.
Desire to help working class around the world. (international)
State ownership of the means of production.
Nationalities unimportant (equally)