two tests for the detection of volatile organic acids and formaldehyde

8/13/2019 Two Tests for the Detection of Volatile Organic Acids and Formaldehyde

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JAIC 1994, Volume 33, Number 1, Article 4 (pp. 47 to 53)

TWO TESTS FOR THE DETECTION OF

VOLATILE ORGANIC ACIDS AND

FORMALDEHYDE

JINPING ZHANG, DAVID THICKETT, & LORNA GREEN

ABSTACT!T"e io#i#e$io#%te te&t 'or t"e #etectio o' ol%tile or*%ic %ci#&

%# t"e c"romotropic %ci# te&t 'or t"e #etectio o' 'orm%l#e"+#e "%e beee%lu%te# 'or u&e i t"e &electio o' m%teri%l& 'or t"e &tor%*e %# #i&pl%+ o'

%tiuitie&. At pre&et t"e -##+ te&t/ 0it" le%# i& u&e# to i#eti'+ t"o&e m%teri%l&

t"%t "%e t"e poteti%l to corro#e le%#. Sice t"e ol%tile or*%ic %ci#& %#

'orm%l#e"+#e t"%t corro#e le%# c% %l&o %''ect ot"er m%teri%l&, t"e te&t i& %l&o u&e#%& % i#ic%tor o' t"e eolutio o' t"e&e *%&e&. A comp%ri&o 0it" t"e ##+ te&t

0it" le%# "%& &"o0 t"%t t"e c"romotropic %ci# te&t i& more &e&itie t"% t"e

##+ te&t %# m%+ #etect 'orm%l#e"+#e %t % leel t"%t i& uliel+ to c%u&ecorro&io. T"e io#i#e$io#%te te&t %# c"romotropic %ci# te&t t%e %ppro2im%tel+

"our& to per'orm comp%re# 0it" #%+& 'or t"e ##+ te&t. T"e combie# u&e o'

t"e io#i#e$io#%te te&t %# t"e c"romotropic %ci# te&t "%& bee &"o0 to be % *oo#i#ic%tor o' t"e &uit%bilit+ o' % m%teri%l 'or u&e i t"e &tor%*e %# #i&pl%+ o'

%tiuitie& t"%t %re &u&ceptible to ol%tile or*%ic %ci#& %# 'orm%l#e"+#e.o0eer, %& t"e ##+ te&t i& % bro%#er i#ic%tor o' corro&ie *%&e&, it& u&e i&recomme#e# 0"e time permit&.

1 INTRODUCTION

T"ere %re m%+ reporte# i&t%ce& o' #i&pl%+ m%teri%l& emitti* &ub&t%ce& t"%t

c% #%m%*e cultur%l ob6ect& i mu&eum& (##+ 1975 Bl%c&"%0 %# 8%iel&

197 Ari et %l. 195 Brimblecombe 199:).

At t"e Briti&" ;u&eum, t"e -##+ te&t/ (##+ 1973) i& u&e# to e%lu%te t"e

&uit%bilit+ o' m%teri%l& propo&e# 'or u&e i t"e &tor%*e %# #i&pl%+ o' %tiuitie&.

A #i&%#%t%*e o' t"i& te&t i& t"%t it t%e& #%+& to complete. Seer%l more r%pi#

te&t& "%e bee itro#uce#. 8%iel& %#


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&iler. A 'l%me te&t, t"e Beil&tei te&t, "%& bee u&e# i t"e Briti&" ;u&eum 'or

more t"% 15 +e%r& to #etect t"e pre&ece o' c"lorie$cot%ii* m%teri%l&. Suc"m%teri%l& %re co&i#ere# liel+ to corro#e copper.


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@i*. 1. Spot te&t %pp%r%tu&

2.2 FACTORS AFFECTING THE IODIDE-IODATE TEST

1. T"e #ime&io& o' t"e re%ctio #i&" 0ere 'ou# to be import%t. T"e

'orm%tio o' t"e blue &t%rc"$io#ie comple2 relie& o #i''u&io o' t"eol%tile or*%ic %ci# ito t"e re%ctio &olutio. T"i& #i''u&io i& i"ibite#

i' t"e re%ctio &olutio i& i % #eep #i&". Tri%l& 0it" #i&"e& o' mm %# 9

mm #ept" %# 0it" t"e re%ctio &olutio i % &m%ll te&t tube 5 mm #eep&"o0e# t"e optimum #ept" to be mm.

. T"e temper%ture %t 0"ic" t"e te&t i& u#ert%e 0ill %''ect t"e r%te o'

%ppe%r%ce o' t"e blue color. Tri%l& %t :C, :C, %# 1::C &"o0e# t"%t

:C i& t"e be&t temper%ture %t 0"ic" to co#uct t"e io#i#e$io#%te te&t. It0%& 'ou# t"%t i' temper%ture& e2cee#i* :C 0ere u&e#, o blue color

0%& 'orme#. T"e "i*" r%te o' e%por%tio o' t"e te&t &olutio coul# "%ei"ibite# t"e #i''u&io o' t"e ol%tile or*%ic %ci#& ito t"e rem%ii*re%ctio &olutio.

3. T"e 0ei*"t o' t"e &%mple u#er te&t 0ill i'luece t"e time t%e 'or t"e

te&t &olutio to tur blue. All t+pe& o' 0oo# 0ill emit %r+i* %mout& o'ol%tile or*%ic %ci#& (Ari et %l. 195). T"e %ut"or& c%rrie# out t0o

i#epe#et te&t& u&i* #i''eret &pecie& %# 0ei*"t& o' 0oo#. T"e 'ir&t o'

t"e&e te&t& iole# %&", %& &%0#u&t, i 0ei*"t& r%*i* 'rom :.:5 * to

:.3:: *. T"e time %t 0"ic" t"e blue &t%rc"$io#ie comple2 0%& 'ir&t &ee0%& ote#. e&ult& %re &"o0 i t%ble 1.T"e&e re&ult& &u**e&te# t"%t :.3::

* 0%& ot % &u''iciet &%mple &i=e 'or t"e te&t. T"e &eco# te&t u&e#

beec"0oo# cut ito bloc& (%ppro2. 5 5 mm), 0it" 0ei*"t& r%*i* bet0ee :.:45 * %# . *. T"e time %t 0"ic" t"e blue comple2 %ppe%re#

0%& %*%i ote#. e&ult& %re *ie i t%ble .@rom t"e&e te&t&, % &%mple

0ei*"t o' .: * 0%& co&i#ere# mo&t &uit%ble. epro#ucible re&ult& 0ereobt%ie# 'rom t"e u&e o' % .: * &%mple.

4. T"e te&t &olutio& "%e % limite# &"el' li'e. T"e pot%&&ium io#i#e &olutio

0%& 'ou# to #eterior%te &o t"%t i' % &olutio more t"% 0ee& ol# 0%&


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u&e#, %om%lou& po&itie re&ult& 0ere obt%ie#. T"e pot%&&ium io#%te %#

&oluble &t%rc" &olutio& 0ere 'ou# to be &t%ble 'or 0ee&. T"e &oluble&t%rc" &olutio 0%& 'ou# to *el 0it"i t"i& time %# ee#e# 0%rmi* 'or

re#i&&olutio.

TABD 1 D@@DCT @ AS


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3.2 FACTORS AFFECTING THE CHROMOTROPIC ACID TEST

1. T"i& te&t relie& o t"e #i''u&io o' 'ree 'orm%l#e"+#e ito t"e

c"romotropic %ci# i t"e re%ctio #i&". T"e #ept" o' t"e re%ctio #i&" 0%&'ou# to be import%t. >&i* re%ctio #i&"e& o' mm %# 9 mm #ept" %#

t"e c"romotropic %ci# i % &m%ll te&t tube o' 5 mm #ept", it 0%& &"o0t"%t t"e optimum #ept" i& mm.

. T"e temper%ture %t 0"ic" t"e te&t i& u#ert%e 0ill %''ect t"e r%te o'

%ppe%r%ce o' t"e purple color. Tri%l& u#ert%e %t :C, :C, %#1::C &"o0e# t"%t :C i& t"e optimum temper%ture %t 0"ic" to co#uct

t"e c"romotropic %ci# te&t.

3. T"e 0ei*"t o' t"e &%mple u#er te&t 0ill i'luece t"e time t%e 'or t"e

te&t &olutio to tur blue. Tri%l& 0ere u#ert%e u&i* % r%*e o' 0ei*"t&o' pl+0oo# (%& &%0#u&t), %& it i& o'te bo#e# 0it" 'orm%l#e"+#e$b%&e#

%#"e&ie, 0"ic" c% emit 'ree 'orm%l#e"+#e (Sp%re& 19). T"e time %t0"ic" t"e purple &pecie& 'ir&t %ppe%re# 0%& ote#. e&ult& %re &"o0 it%ble 3.

T"e optimum &%mple &i=e 0%& 'ou# to be .: *

TABD 3 D@@DCT @ EL


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4 COMPARISON OF THE IODIDE-IODATE AND

CHROMOTROPIC ACID TESTS WITH THE ODDY TEST

4.1 THE ODDY TEST

T"e ##+ te&t i& u&e# routiel+ i m%+ mu&eum&, iclu#i* t"e Briti&" ;u&eum

(##+ 1973). I t"i& te&t, % &%mple o' m%teri%l i& eclo&e# 0it" % coupo o'

cle%e# met%l. Corro&io i& %cceler%te# b+ %##i* 0%ter to cre%te "i*" "umi#it+%# b+ ele%ti* temper%ture& (:C). A'ter #%+&, t"e e2tet o' corro&io o

t"e met%l coupo i& u&e# to e%lu%te t"e &uit%bilit+ o' t"e m%teri%l u#er te&t 'or

u&e i t"e #i&pl%+ or &tor%*e o' %rti'%ct& cot%ii* t"%t met%l.

A r%*e o' m%teri%l& commol+ u&e# 'or &tor%*e or #i&pl%+ o' %tiuitie& 0%&

te&te# u&i* t"e io#i#e$io#%te te&t, t"e c"romotropic %ci# te&t, %# t"e ##+ te&t0it" le%#. e%# i& "i*"l+ &u&ceptible to t"e corro&ie e''ect& o' bot" ol%tile

or*%ic %ci#& %# 'orm%l#e"+#e.

@our o' t"e&e m%teri%l& 0ere c"o&e to be te&te# 'or 'ree 'orm%l#e"+#e u&i* %u%tit%tie %ueou& e2tr%ctio met"o#, mo#i'ie# BS:, p%rt (Briti&"

St%#%r#& I&titutio 197). T"i& met"o# %l&o u&e& c"romotropic %ci#, but t"e

ite&it+ o' t"e color o' t"e &olutio i& me%&ure# u&i* % ultr%ioleti&ible&pectrop"otometer.

4.2 DISCUSSION

T"ere 0ere o i&t%ce& i 0"ic" t"e re&ult& o' bot" t"e c"romotropic %ci# %#

io#i#e$io#%te te&t& '%ile# to i#eti'+ % m%teri%l t"%t "%# c%u&e# corro&io o' le%# it"e ##+ te&t %# "ece 0%& cl%&&i'ie# %& u&uit%ble 'or u&e 0it" le%#. I t0o

i&t%ce& (B; re'erece umber& :5 %# 53), t"e eolutio o' 'orm%l#e"+#e

0%& #etecte# b+ t"e c"romotropic %ci# te&t, but o corro&io 0%& &ee o t"e le%#

'rom t"e ##+ te&t. >&i* t"e %ueou& e2tr%ctio met"o#, t"e m%teri%l B;re'erece umber :5 cot%ie# 33 m** o' 'ree 'orm%l#e"+#e. T"i& m%teri%l

pro#uce# % purple color i t"e c"romotropic %ci# te&t (i.e., *%e % po&itie te&t

re&ult), but it #i# ot c%u&e corro&io o' le%# i t"e ##+ te&t. te&ti* t"em%teri%l B; re'erece umber 517, 1177 m** o' 'ree 'orm%l#e"+#e 0ere

#etecte#. T"i& m%teri%l #i# c%u&e t"e le%# coupo i t"e ##+ te&t to corro#e.

T"e&e re&ult& &u**e&t t"%t t"e c"romotropic %ci# te&t 0ill #etect leel& o'

'orm%l#e"+#e t"%t %re too lo0 to c%u&e corro&io.

5 CONCLUSIONS

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Cop+ri*"t M 1994 Americ% I&titute 'or Co&er%tio o' i&toric %# Arti&tic

two tests for the detection of volatile organic acids and formaldehyde

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