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Chapter 11: The Texas Revolution Section 5: Independence is Won

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Chapter 11: The Texas RevolutionSection 5: Independence is Won

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Thinking Question

How did the fall of the Alamo affect Texas soldiers?

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The Runaway Scrape• Houston given

command of regular and volunteer army

• Problems:

– Short of troops

– Lack of supplies

– Had to train and organize soldiers General Sam Houston

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The Runaway Scrape

• March 6: leaves Washington-on-the-Brazos

• March 11: arrives at Gonzales and greeted with rumors of defeat at AlamoSam Houston statue in

Huntsville, Texas

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The Runaway Scrape

• Sends scouts to investigate

• Scouts come back with survivors

• Learns Santa Anna is heading to Gonzales:

– Houston: 400 men

– Santa Anna: 700 men

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The Runaway Scrape

• Houston orders a retreat

• Civilians flee

• Ordered the town of Gonzales burnedGonzales burned to keep the Mexicans

from attaining supplies

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The Runaway Scrape

•Fearing for their lives, many Texans flee eastward

•“Runaway Scrape”

•Heavy rains, flooding, disease

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Fannin’s Surrender at Goliad

• General José de Urrea enters Texas with 550 troops

• Feb 27, 1836: defeats 34 Texans at San Patricio

• March 2, 1836: defeats 26 Texans at Agua Dulce Creek

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Fannin’s Surrender at Goliad

•March 14, 1836: defeats Texans at Refugio

•Had been sent by Col. James Fannin to evacuate the colony

•Next target--Goliad

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Fannin’s Surrender at Goliad

• James Fannin—colonel commanding Texas troops at Goliad

• March 14: Received orders from Houston to withdraw

Col. James Fannin

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Fannin’s Surrender at Goliad

• Fannin waits on his men to return from Refugio

• General Urrea continues his advance

• March 18: Urrea’s forces met Fannin’s troops in a series of brief fights

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Fannin’s Surrender at Goliad

•Fannin decides to leave fort and head towards Victoria

•March 19: Texans stop to rest animals and are surrounded

•Texans: 300 troopsMexicans: 300-500 troops

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Fannin’s Surrender at Goliad

•Battle of Coleto Creek

•Texans pinned down

•Urrea receives reinforcements

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Fannin’s Surrender at Goliad

• Fannin surrenders

• Rebels are marched back to Goliad

• Urrea writes to Santa Anna asking permission to hold rebels as POWs

• Santa Anna orders execution of rebels

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Fannin’s Surrender at Goliad

•More than 400 Texas soldiers executed outside of Goliad

•Some men escaped and survived

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Fannin’s Surrender at Goliad

•Francita Alavez—the Angel of Goliad

Bust of Francita Alavez

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Houston Prepares the Troops

• Angry Texans demand an attack on the Mexicans

• Texas army grown to 1200 soldiers

• Houston believed army was too small and untrained to take on Mexicans

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Houston Prepares the Troops

•Retreats eastward toward the Brazos River

•Santa Anna pursues

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Houston Prepares the Troops

•Troops openly criticized Houston for retreating

•President Burnet: “The enemy are laughing you to scorn.”

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Houston Prepares the Troops

• Set up camp at Groce’s Landing

• Trained & drilled troops

• Received supplies and ammunition Replica of one of the

“Twin Sisters”

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Houston Prepares the Troops

• April 12: Houston leaves Groce’s Landing

• April 18: Arrives at Harrisburg

• Scouts report that Santa Anna is camped nearby

• Makes decision to attack

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The Battle of San Jacinto

• April 20: Texans set up camp in a grove of trees

• Santa Anna set up camp at the junction of the San Jacinto River and Buffalo Bayou

• Vulnerable spot

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The Battle of San Jacinto

• April 20: one or two small clashes

• Mirabeau B. Lamar saved the lives to two Texans

• Mexicans held ground

Mirabeau B. Lamar

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The Battle of San Jacinto

• April 21, noon—holds a meeting with officers

• Decide to attack, rather than wait

• Houston assembles 900 troops

San Jacinto Battle Flag

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The Battle of San Jacinto

• 3:00 PM: Texans moved from the woods onto the prairie

• Many Mexican soldiers sleeping

• Awakened by bullets and cries:

– “Remember the Alamo!”– “Remember Goliad!”

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The Battle of San Jacinto

• 18 minutes

• Many surprised Mexicans fled or tried to surrender

• 600 Mexicans killed

• 9 Texans killedHouston Leading Troops at San Jacinto

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The Battle of San Jacinto

•Sam Houston wounded during the battle

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The Battle of San Jacinto

• Santa Anna disappeared during the battle

• Hid in marsh, discovered the following day

• Houston would not allow execution Santa Anna Surrendering

to Houston

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“My motive in sparing the life of Santa Anna was to relieve the country of all hostile enemies without further bloodshed, and to secure his acknowledgement of our independence”

—Sam Houston

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