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Chapter 18: Texas & the Civil War Section 1: Slavery & States’ Rights

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Chapter 18: Texas & the Civil War

Section 1: Slavery & States’ Rights

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Thinking Question

•What is a civil war?

•How is it different from a normal war?

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Growing National Divisions

•Nation divided along sectional lines:

–North: Industrial economy

–South: Agricultural economy

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Growing National Divisions

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Growing National Divisions

•North and South divided by social and economic differences

•Southerners were generally against higher tariffs on manufactured goods

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Chevrolet Silverado Toyota Tundra

$15,000 $12,000

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Chevrolet Silverado Toyota Tundra

$15,000 $12,000 + $5,000 tariff = $17,000

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Growing National Divisions

•States’ Rights—the belief that state power is greater than federal power

•Westward Expansion:

–Texas–Mexican Cession

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Growing National Divisions

• Compromise of 1850 & Fugitive Slave Act

• Kansas-Nebraska Act—allowed the Kansas and Nebraska Territories to decide whether to be free or slave states

• Violated the Missouri Compromise

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Growing National Divisions

• Houston one of the few southerners to oppose Kansas-Nebraska Act

• Houston’s opposition to the act cost him many friends in Texas.

Sam Houston

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Growing National Divisions

• Dred Scott decision (1857):

– African Americans are not citizens and could not sue

– Congress could not ban slavery in the territories

Dred Scott

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Growing National Divisions

• John Brown’s raid (1859):

– Led raid on federal arsenal to start a slave revolt

– Hanged for treason

John Brown

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Texas Joins the Confederacy

•1860: Abraham Lincoln elected president

•Secede—to formally withdraw

President Abraham Lincoln

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Texas Joins the Confederacy

• South Carolina: first state to secede from the Union

• Leaders in Texas call for a special meeting of the legislature to consider secession

• Gov. Sam Houston warned Texans that the North was determined to keep the Union together.

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“Some of you laugh to scorn the idea of bloodshed as the result of secession, but let me tell you what is coming....Your fathers and husbands, your sons and brothers, will be herded at the point of the bayonet....You may after the sacrifice of countless millions of treasure and hundreds of thousands of lives, as a bare possibility, win Southern independence...but I doubt it. I tell you that, while I believe with you in the doctrine of state rights, the North is determined to preserve this Union. They are not a fiery, impulsive people as you are, for they live in colder climates. But when they begin to move in a given direction...they move with the steady momentum and perseverance of a mighty avalanche; and what I fear is, they will overwhelm the South. “

--Sam Houston

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Texas Joins the Confederacy

•Houston tried to delay Secession Convention

•Secession Convention meets January 28, 1861

•February 1, 1761: Delegates approve secession

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Texas Joins the Confederacy

•Texans strongly supported secession:

–45,153 for secession

–14,747 against secession

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The Confederacy

• Seceding states formed a government called the Confederate States of America

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The Confederacy

• Constitution emphasized supremacy of states and right to hold slaves

• Jefferson Davis elected president

Jefferson Davis

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The Confederacy•March 4, 1861: Texas Secession

Convention reassembles to write new constitution

•Gov. Houston was removed from office when he refused to take an oath of allegiance to the Confederacy.

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Sam Houston dies July 26, 1863 in Huntsville, Texas