tx history ch 18.3

25
Chapter 18: Texas & the Civil War Section 3: Campaigns in Texas & the Southwest

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Page 1: TX History Ch 18.3

Chapter 18: Texas & the Civil WarSection 3: Campaigns in Texas & the Southwest

Page 2: TX History Ch 18.3

Bellwork

Why might the Union want to

control parts of Texas?

Page 3: TX History Ch 18.3

The New Mexico Campaign

•After the war began, Texas forces marched into New Mexico and claimed the territory

•Fall 1861: three regiments sent to seize the Southwest

Page 4: TX History Ch 18.3

The New Mexico Campaign

•Henry H. Sibley—Confederate general who attempted to seize control of the Southwest in 1861

Henry H. Sibley

Page 5: TX History Ch 18.3
Page 6: TX History Ch 18.3

The New Mexico Campaign

•Sibley and his 2,000 troops defeat 2,500 Union troops at Valverde, NM

•Texans seize Albuquerque & Santa Fe

•Disease & lack of food

Page 7: TX History Ch 18.3

The New Mexico Campaign

•March 28, 1862: Sibley’s forces encounter Union forces at Glorieta Pass

•Forced to retreat

•Union retains control of Southwest

Page 8: TX History Ch 18.3
Page 9: TX History Ch 18.3

Fighting at Galveston Island

•Union Navy blockaded Texas ports

•Oct. 1862: Confederate forces retreated Galveston Harbor

•Galveston an important port

Page 10: TX History Ch 18.3

Fighting at Galveston Island

• Plans made to recapture Galveston

• Two steamboats converted to gunboats by lining sides with cotton bales

Cotton Bale

Page 11: TX History Ch 18.3

Fighting at Galveston Island

•Jan.1, 1863: “Cottonclads” attack Galveston

•Union ships retreat

•Union troops captured

Page 12: TX History Ch 18.3
Page 13: TX History Ch 18.3

The Battle of Sabine Pass

• Union planned to retake Galveston

• September 1863: Union troops set sail from New Orleans with 4,000 troops

• Union plan: invade Texas at Sabine Pass, march to Houston, and capture Galveston

Page 14: TX History Ch 18.3

The Battle of Sabine Pass

•Richard Dowling—commander of the Confederate artillery at the Battle of Sabine Pass Lt. Richard Dowling

Page 15: TX History Ch 18.3

The Battle of Sabine Pass

•Based at Ft. Griffin

•Sept 8, 1863: Union forces attempt to overtake Sabine pass

Page 16: TX History Ch 18.3

The Battle of Sabine Pass

•Confederate gunners cripple two Union gunboats

•Capture 300 Union soldiers

Page 17: TX History Ch 18.3
Page 18: TX History Ch 18.3

The Coast & South Texas

• Union troops wanted to take Brownsville and stop trade between Texas and Mexico

• Cotton shipped overseas from Mexico

• November 1863: Union forces capture Brownsville

Page 19: TX History Ch 18.3

The Coast & South Texas

•Union Gen. Nathaniel Banks splits forces

•Union troops under command of Col. E.J. Davis attack Laredo

•Attack fails

Page 20: TX History Ch 18.3

The Coast & South Texas

•Santos Benavides—commander who successfully defended Laredo from Union forces

Santos Benavides

Page 21: TX History Ch 18.3

The Coast & South Texas

•Union forces called out of Brownsville

•Brownsville recaptured by the Confederates

Page 22: TX History Ch 18.3

The Red River Campaign

• Union troops left Brownsville to take part in Red River Campaign

• Union wanted to invade Texas from the NE

• General Banks & 27,000 soldiers hoped to meet a group of Union soldiers from Arkansas

Page 23: TX History Ch 18.3
Page 24: TX History Ch 18.3

The Red River Campaign

•April 8, 1864: Banks intercepted by Confederate Gen. Richard Taylor at Sabine Crossroads

•A Confederate force of only 9,000 force Union troops to turn back

Page 25: TX History Ch 18.3

The Red River Campaign

•April 18, 1864: Confederate forces intercept Union army moving south from Arkansas

•Union forces defeated at Poison Spring, Arkansas

•Confederate troops turn back Union attacks on Texas