1. Chapter 19:Reconstruction Section 1:Presidential Reconstruction

2. Thinking Question

What are some problems that Texas and the United States might have faced at the end of the Civil War?

3. Emancipation

U.S. troops take control of Texas at end of Civil War

June 19, 1865:Gen. Gordon Granger issues proclamation freeing slaves

Gen. Gordon Granger 4. Emancipation

Many freedpeople left plantations

Formally married and searched for family

Gathered at military posts & towns to seek work

5. The Freedmens Bureau

Reconstruction the process of reuniting the Southern states back into the Union

13 thAmendment amendment to U.S. Constitution that abolished slavery

6. The Freedmens Bureau

Freedman's Bureau organization created by the U.S. Congress to give legal aid to former slaves

Freedpeople had no land and few job opportunities

7. The Freedmens Bureau

Bureau and churches established schools

Illiteracy rate of African American dropped

8. The Freedmens Bureau

Onlya few dozenFreemens Bureau agents were sent to Texas

Former Confederatesused violence against freedpeople

9. President Johnsons Plan

Some wanted to punish the South

Abraham Lincoln did not want to increase bitterness

10. President Johnsons Plan

April 1865:Lincoln assassinated

Andrew Johnson becomes president

Andrew Johnson 11. President Johnsons Plan

Step 1:Voters in former Confederate states had to take an oath of loyalty to the United States

12. President Johnsons Plan

Step 2:High ranking Confederate officials and wealthy landowners had to apply for a pardon

13. President Johnsons Plan

Step 3:States had to form provisional governments

14. President Johnsons Plan

Step 4:States had to form new constitutions declaring secession illegal & abolishing slavery

15. President Johnsons Plan

Step 5:States had to agree not to pay any outstanding Confederate debts

16. President Johnsons Plan

Step 6:Ratify new constitutions & elect new government officials

17. President Johnsons Plan

Step 7:Ratify 13 thAmendment

18. President Johnsons Plan

November 1865:Provisional Governor Andrew Hamilton calls for an election to select delegates to constitutional convention

Andrew J. Hamilton 19. President Johnsons Plan

African Americanscould not votefor delegates to the constitutional convention of 1866

Constitution completed in 2 months

20. President Johnsons Plan

African Americans did not receive equal rights:

• Suffrage voting rights

• Could not testify in court cases involving whites

21. President Johnsons Plan

June 1866:voters approve new constitution

James Throckmorton elected governor

James Throckmorton 22. President Johnsons Plan

Former secessionists elected to state legislature

Legislature refused to ratify 13 thamendment

23. The Black Codes

Black Codes laws passed after Reconstruction to deny African Americans civil rights

Required to sign labor contracts

24. The Black Codes

Arrested for not having jobs

Violence:1865-1868 468 freedpeople killed in Texas