ManifestDestiny

Tyler Becomes President

Harrison dies after 4 weeks in White House Democrat in Whig Clothing

Tyler wants to expand!!!!

“American Progress” by John Gast, 1872

“American Progress” by John Gast, 1872

Manifest Destiny

God’s will for USA to possess the land from the Atlantic to the Pacific

Manifest Destiny

TexasIndependence(1836-1845)

Texas…. Mexico’s Territory

Stephen Austin – was given land in Texas by the Spanish and the Mexicans for 300 families

Sam Houston – Governor of Texas Land Grants Requirements:

Roman CatholicBecome properly “Mexicanized”

Texas…. Mexico’s Territory

Houston we have a problem!!!SlaveryImmigrationLocal Rights

Texas wanted to become an independent state and break away from Mexico

Texas Declaration of Independence

Texas Declaration of Independence

Key Figures in Texas Independence, 1836Key Figures in Texas Independence, 1836

Sam Houston(1793-1863)

Sam Houston(1793-1863)

Steven Austin(1793-1836)

Steven Austin(1793-1836)

The Republic of TexasThe Republic of TexasThe Lone Star Republic

Remember the Alamo

Texans were badly defeated and were forced to retreat from the forces of Santa Anna

Remember the Alamo!Remember the Alamo!

Davey Crockett’s Last Stand

Davey Crockett’s Last Stand

The Battle of the AlamoThe Battle of the Alamo

General Antonio Lpez de Santa Anna Recaptures the Alamo

General Antonio Lpez de Santa Anna Recaptures the Alamo

Battle of San Jacinto

Turning point in the war – Sam Houston WON!!!

Santa Anna Signed a treaty to remove troops and

established the Rio Grande as the Southern Border of TX

Now What?

Texans want to be annexed Opposed: North Supported: South Why? Slavery!!!!!

Texas Annexation Texas willing to engage in diplomacy with European

nations for protection. GB wanted Texas b/c it could:

Check the Southwest surge of the USFree trade areaCotton producing

Annexed in 1844 by President John Tyler Polk won the presidential race that year and he was pro

annexation. Tyler took it to be a mandate from the people.

James K. Polk

Dark Horse Candidate Young Hickory Election of 1844 – Polk v. Clay Four goals:

Lower the tariff to 25%Restore Independent TreasuryCaliforniaOregon – 49 degrees

Mexican American War

Polk wanted California, not a war Mexico still didn’t accept that Texas was now part of the

US Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo - US got land from

Texas to California from Mexico for $15,000,000 49ers – Gold Miners rushed to California

The Mexican CessionThe Mexican Cession

Mexican American War

Wilmont Priviso – slavery should be banned in any lands gained from Mexico

Never passed Congress

The Oregon Trail – Albert Bierstadt, 1869

The Oregon Trail – Albert Bierstadt, 1869

Overland Immigration to the West

Overland Immigration to the West

Between 1840 and 1860, more than250,000 people made the trekwestward.

Between 1840 and 1860, more than250,000 people made the trekwestward.

Trails WestwardTrails Westward

The Oregon Dispute: 54’ 40º or Fight!

The Oregon Dispute: 54’ 40º or Fight!

By the mid-1840s,“Oregon Fever” wasspurred on by thepromise of free land.

By the mid-1840s,“Oregon Fever” wasspurred on by thepromise of free land.

The joint British-U. S.occupation ended in1846.

The joint British-U. S.occupation ended in1846.

Go West, Young Man Go West

Problems:Poorly fedIll – clad – not properly dressed (coat in winter)Lived in shantiesDiseaseDepressionPremature deathLoneliness

The Doomed Donner PartyThe Doomed Donner Party

April, 1846 – April, 1847

April, 1846 – April, 1847

The Doomed Donner Party

The Doomed Donner Party

James Reed & WifeJames Reed & Wife

Margaret Patrick John Breen Breen Breen

Margaret Patrick John Breen Breen Breen

Of the 83 members of the Donner Party, only 45 survived to get to California!

Of the 83 members of the Donner Party, only 45 survived to get to California!

CANNIBALISM ! !

CANNIBALISM ! !

Go West, Young Man Go West

Ecological ImperialismBeaverBisonSea otters

Population Explosion!!!Immigration and High Birth Rates

Rapid Urbanization

Smelly slums No street lights Bad police Impure water Foul sewage Rats Poor garbage disposal

Why were they attracted then? Europe was running out of room “Land of freedom and opportunity” Transoceanic trip was faster Richer life No compulsory military service “3 meat meals a day” Irish potato famine

Immigrants

IrishPlace of Settlement

Big port cities, NY and Boston

Economic Status Lowest of the low

Political Contribution

Hated the British; into politics

Cultural Contribution

Political machines

GermansPlace of Settlement Mid-West;

Wisconsin

Economic Status Modest amount of material goods

Political Contribution Influential but scattered

Cultural Contribution Conestoga Wagon, Kentucky rifle, Christmas tree, education, kindergarten, art and music, enemies of slavery, beer

Anti-foreignism

NINA - “No Irish Need Apply” Scared of being outbred, outvoted, and overwhelmed Nationalism at its worst

Irish were so poor that they would work for little to nothingWhy is this a problem?

Know Nothing Party

Anti-Immigration Radical Secret Party Members would claim to know nothing about the shady

practices