TYPES OF ADVERB CLAUSES

An adverb clause is used as a single word adverb or an adverbial expression.

Function/s: (a) modifies a verb by answering wh-questions

Time: after, as, as long as, as soon as, before, since, until, when, whenever, while, where, whenever, whileShe had been playing the violin since she was in preschool.-denotation: serves as time expression

Place: where, whereverWherever the loot was hidden, it sure was a tricky place.-denotation: identifies where the treasure stayed hidden

Reason: because, since, in order that, so thatShe ran away because she wanted him to chase after her.-denotation: identifies the purpose of running away

Manner: as, as if, as thoughHe looked at her as if she were the only thing he saw.-denotation: identifies the way the boy looked at the girl*note: past tense yung were dahil ano, yung basta, isipin nyo na lang yung parang if I were a boy

Condition: as long as, if, in case, provided that, unless, whether or notHe would never stop track and field unless something inhibited his performance.-denotation: shows how the person would not cease to do something, on a given condition

Result: so…that, such…thatI grew so tired that I thought it was my last day on Earth.-denotation: shows the result of a past/current action

Contrast: although, though, even though, while, in spite of the fact that

I’ll still probably think of you when this song plays, in spite of the fact that we both went our different ways.-denotation: shows two distinct things

Punctuations:

Before the independent clause: use a comma after the adverb clause

When she was a child, she used to watch Tellytubbies.

Adverb clause, independent clause.

Within the independent clause: do not use a comma

After the independent clause: do not use a comma

ADJECTIVE CLAUSES

An adjective clause is a dependent clause used as an adjective. It describes and modifies nouns.

Who: refers to persons onlyObjective form: Whom

Which: refers to animals, things, groups of people

That: refers to persons, animals, things

Whose: indicates possessions for: animals, people, groups of people, things

When: introduces adj. clauses describing nouns referring to time

Where: introduces adj. clauses describing nouns referring to location

Why: introduces adj. clauses that modify words such as reason & explanation