TYPES OF CANNULATION

A. ROPE LADDER

B. AREA

CANNULATION

C. BUTTON HOLE

ROPE LADDER METHOD

This is the most recommended

method for cannulation helps to

prevent infection, stenosis,

aneurysm and expand the life span

of fistula

AREA PUNCTURE METHOD

It is the easiest method

session after session

puncturing at the same general

area may prone to aneurysm ,

stenosis and bleeding.

BUTTON HOLE METHOD

Everytime cannulating at the exact

same spot , at the same angle and

depth of penetration.

It is less painful, prolong AVF life

span, prevent aneurysm and

bleeding , promotes self care.

COMPLICATIONS

Needle sites

bleeding more

than 10 minutes

due to various

reasons , need to

find the cause of

bleeding.

BLEEDING

INFECTION

ANEURYSM

Redness,

swelling, fever,

tenderness,

warmth, pain

and discharge

are signs and

symptoms.

Weak spot in the

wall of vessel wall

causes ballooning

of the AVF

overtime vein

become tortuous.

COMPLICATIONS

STENOSIS

Narrowing of AVF at

certain part.

Reduction in 50% of

diameter in vessel

wall compared to

adjacent vessel

wall has been used.

THROMBOSIS

STEAL

SYNDROME

Formation of blood

clot in the uninjured

or minor injured

vessels. Absence of

bruit / thrill on

palpation.

Deprivation of blood

supply distal to AVF

lead to ischemia of

the hand, results

severe pain and

neurological

damage to the hand