types of chemical reactions

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Types of Chemical Reactions

The heat and smoke of burning charcoal are the products of a combustion reaction. Combustion is one of the five general types of chemical reactions. If you can recognize a reaction as being a particular type, you may be able to predict the products of the reaction.

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© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Types of Chemical Reactions >

Five general types of chemical reactions:

• combination (synthesis)

• decomposition

• single-replacement

• double-replacement

• combustion

See websites for videos and animations

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i-HHvx1VC_8&NR=1

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tE4668aarck&feature=related

Classifying Reactions11.2

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i-HHvx1VC_8&NR=1

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tE4668aarck&feature=related

Classifying Reactions

Combination Reactions

A combination reaction is a chemical change in which two or more substances react to form a single new substance.

11.2

for Conceptual Problem 11.4

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Types of Chemical Reactions > Classifying Reactions

Decomposition Reactions

A decomposition reaction is a chemical change in which a single compound breaks down into two or more simpler products.

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Single-Replacement Reactions

A single-replacement reaction is a chemical change in which one element replaces a second element in a compound.

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The activity series of metals lists metals in order of decreasing reactivity.

For a single-replacement reaction to occur, the element that is displaced must be less active than the element that is doing the displacing.

Metals above Hydrogen in the activity series will replace H from acids.

Zn(s) + 2 HCl (aq) → H2 (g) + ZnCl2 (aq)

Metals below Hydrogen in the activity series will not react with acids.

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Double-Replacement Reactions

A double-replacement reaction is a chemical change involving an exchange of positive ions between two compounds.

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Combustion Reactions (see regents ref tables)

A combustion reaction is a chemical change in which an element or a compound reacts with oxygen, often producing energy in the form of heat and light.

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Note

your regents reference tables are helpful for writing equations for combustion reactions

Examples:

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Types of Chemical Reactions > Predicting the Products of a Chemical Reaction

Predicting the Products of a Chemical Reaction

How can you predict the products of the five general types of reactions?

The number of elements and/or compounds reacting is a good indicator of possible reaction type and thus possible products.

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Section Quiz

-or-Continue to: Launch:

Assess students’ understanding of the concepts in Section 11.2.

11.2 Section Quiz.


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1. What type of reaction is described by the following equation?

6Li + N2 2Li3N

a. combination reaction

b. decomposition reaction

c. single-replacement reaction

d. combustion reaction

11.2 Section Quiz.


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2. Balance the following equation and indicate whether it represents a combustion, combination, or decomposition reaction.

H2SO4 H2O2 + SO2

a. H2SO4 H2O2 + SO2, combination reaction

b. H2SO4 H2O2 + SO2, decomposition reaction

c. H2SO4 2H2O2 + SO2, combination reaction

d. H2SO4 2H2O2 + SO2, decomposition reaction

11.2 Section Quiz.


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Reactions in Aqueous Solution

Structures in limestone caverns are formed when carbon dioxide converts calcium hydrogen carbonate into calcium carbonate. The calcium carbonate precipitates and forms dramatic stalactites and stalagmites. You will learn to predict the formation of precipitates and write equations to describe the reactions that produce them.

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When AgNO3 (aq) and NaCl (aq) are mixed, a white precipitate of AgCl (s) is formed. We can write a balanced equation to describe this double-replacement reaction:

AgNO3 (aq) + NaCl (aq) → AgCl (s) + NaNO3 (aq)

Two other types of equations can be written for this reaction (complete ionic equation and a net-ionic equation)

A complete ionic equation is an equation that shows dissolved ionic compounds as dissociated free ions.

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Net Ionic Equations

An ion that appears on both sides of an equation and is not directly involved in the reaction is called a spectator ion.

The net ionic equation is an equation for a reaction in solution that shows only those particles that are directly involved in the chemical change.

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Net Ionic Equations

Complete ionic equation:

Sodium ions and nitrate ions are not changed during the chemical reaction of silver nitrate and sodium chloride so the net ionic equation is

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Predicting the Formation of a Precipitate


How can you predict the formation of a precipitate in a double-replacement reaction?

You can predict the formation of a precipitate by using the general rules for solubility of ionic compounds and by using the regents reference tables.

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Will a precipitate form when a sodium carbonate solution is mixed with a barium nitrate solution?

Hints: what are the products? and are those products soluble? (Use your reference tables).

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Balanced equation:

Ba(NO3)2 + Na2CO3 (aq)→ BaCO3 (s) + 2 NaNO3 (aq)

Complete ionic equation:

Ba2+(aq) + 2 NO3 - (aq) + 2 Na+(aq) + CO3

2- (aq)

→ BaCO3(s) + 2 Na+(aq)+ 2 NO3 - (aq)

Net Ionic equation:

Sodium nitrate is soluble but barium carbonate is insoluble. The net ionic equation is

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2. Which one of the following products of double-replacement reactions would NOT form a precipitate?

a. AgCl

b. PbSO4

c. Mg(OH)2

d. Mo(NO3)2

11.3 Section Quiz.


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3. Which reaction will NOT produce a precipitate from aqueous solution?

a. Hg2(NO3)2 + KCl

b. FeSO4 + Ba(OH)2

c. Pb(NO3)2 + Na2CO3

d. NaBr + Al2(SO4)2

11.3 Section Quiz

types of chemical reactions

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