types of chemical reactions single replacement reactions double replacement reactions combustion...
TRANSCRIPT
Types of Chemical Reactions
Single Replacement Reactions
Double Replacement Reactions
Combustion Reactions
Recall
Synthesis ReactionsTwo or more substances combine to form one
substance.The general form is A + X AXDecomposition ReactionsOne substance reacts to form two or more
substances. The general form is AX A+X
Single Replacement Reactions
A metal will replace a metal ion in a compound.The general form is A + BX AX + B
A nonmetal will replace a nonmetal ion in a compound.The general form is Y+BX BY + X
Single Replacement Reactions
• Examples:
– Ni + AgNO3 NiNO3 + Ag
• Nickel replaces the metallic ion Ag+ (metal replaces metal ion)
• The silver becomes free silver and the nickel becomes the nickel (II) ion.
• Ni + AgNO3 Ag + Ni(NO3)2
–Balance the equation:
–Ni + 2AgNO3 2Ag + Ni(NO3)2
Thermite Reaction
• Steve Spangler Video Thermite
Thermite Reaction
• Al + Fe2O3
• Aluminum will replace iron (III) as was seen in the video.
• Iron (III) becomes Fe and aluminum metal becomes Al3+.
• 2Al + Fe2O3 Al2O3 + 2Fe
Double Replacement Reactions
Ions of two compounds exchange places with each other.
Reactants must be two ionic compounds, in aqueous solution
The general form is AX+BY = AY + BX
Remember the Demonstration!!!!!!!!
Word - Lead (II) Nitrate + Potassium Iodide --> Potassium Nitrate + Lead Iodide
Skeletal - Pb(NO3)2 (aq) + 2KI (aq) --> 2KNO3 (aq) + PbI2 (s)
What occurred???
This is a double displacement reaction
Double ReplacementNaOH + CuSO4 The Na+ and Cu2+ switch places.Na+ combines with SO4
2- to form Na2SO4.
Cu2+ combines with OH- to form Cu(OH)2
NaOH + CuSO4 Na2SO4 + Cu(OH)2
2NaOH + CuSO4 Na2SO4 + Cu(OH)2
Double Replacement
• CuSO4 + Na2CO3
• Cu2+ combines with CO32- to form
CuCO3.
• Na+ combines with SO42- to form
Na2SO4.
• CuSO4 + Na2CO3 CuCO3 + Na2SO4
Double Replacement Reactions
• Think about it like “foil”ing in algebra, first and last ions go together + inside ions go together
• Example: AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(s) AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq)
• Another example:K2SO4(aq) + Ba(NO3)2(aq) KNO3(aq) + BaSO4(s)
2
Recognition
You need to be able to recognize which reaction is taking place
Practice Examples:• H2 + O2
• H2O
• Zn + H2SO4
• HgO
• KBr + Cl2
• AgNO3 + NaCl • Mg(OH)2 + H2SO3
Synthesis Decomposition Single Displacement Decomposition Single Displacement Double Replacement Double Replacement
Combustion Reactions• Combustion means “add Oxygen”
Normally, a compound composed of only C, H, (and maybe O) is reacted with oxygen – usually called “burning”
• If the combustion is complete, the products will be CO2 and H2O.
• If the combustion is incomplete, , the products will be CO (or possibly just C) and H2O.
Combustion ReactionWhen a substance combines with
oxygen, a combustion reaction results.The combustion reaction may also be an
example of an earlier type such as 2Mg + O2 2MgO.
The combustion reaction may be burning of a fuel.
Combustion Reactions• Combustion reactions involve
light and heat energy released.• Natural gas, propane, gasoline,
etc. are burned to produce heat energy.
• Most of these organic reactions produce water and carbon dioxide.
Combustion ReactionWhen hydrocarbon compounds CxHx are
burned in oxygen, the products are water and carbon dioxide.
CH4 + O2 CO2 + H2O
CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O
Demonstration
Combustion Reactions
Generally combustion reactions involve the burning of a Hydrocarbon (CxHx) in Oxygen.
Other elements can also burn with Oxygen2Mg + O2 2MgO+ Energy
2H2 + O2 2H2O+ Energy (basis behind fuel cell energy)
P4 + 5O2 P4O10 + Energy (matches)
PracticeClassify each of the following as to type:
H2 + Cl2 2HClSynthesis
Ca + 2H2O Ca(OH)2 + H2
Single Displacement
Practice2CO + O2 2CO2
Synthesis and Combustion
2KClO3 2KCl + 3O2
Decomposition
PracticeFeS + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2S
Double Replacement
Zn + 2HCl ? ZnCl2+ H2
Single Displacement