types of joints and the anatomy of the synovial joint
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Types of Joints and the Anatomy of the Synovial Joint. What is an Articulation (Joint). Point of contact between two bones **There are three types of joints. 1. Fibrous Joints. Also called “sutures” - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Types of Joints and the Anatomy of the Synovial
Joint
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What is an Articulation (Joint)
Point of contact between two bones
**There are three types of joints
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1. Fibrous Joints Also called “sutures” These joints are bound tightly together
by connective tissue and allows ZERO movement (immovable joint)
Ex. Interlocking bones of the skull
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2. Cartilaginous Joints Occur where the body of one bone
connects to the body of another bone by means of cartilage and allows SLIGHT movement
Ex. Intervertebral discs
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3. Synovial Joints Occurs where bony surfaces are
separated by a lubricating fluid (synovia) and by cartilage
Also joined by ligaments, which enclose the ends of articulating bones and form the synovial-containing capsule
Allows MOST movement
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Examples of Synovial Joints
Knee Ankle
Shoulder
Elbow
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Parts of Synovial Joint
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1. Articulating Cartilage Allow for smooth contact surface Acts as a shock absorber
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2. Joint Cavity Located between two bony articulating
surfaces Filled with synovial fluid (joint lubricant)
Essential in reducing friction and providing nutrients for articulating cartilage
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3. Joint Capsule Fibrous structure that consist of the:
Synovial membrane (allows certain nutrients to pass through to synovial fluid)
Fibrous capsule (keeps synovial fluid from leaking)
** Membrane is medial to capsule
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4. Bursae Small flattened sacs Prevents friction between tendons,
ligaments and bones
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Intrinsic Ligaments Thick bands of fibrous connective tissue Helps thicken and reinforce the joint
capsule Ex. Forming the joint capsule or the
meniscus of the knee
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Extrinsic Ligaments Separate from the joint capsule and
help to reinforce the joint by attaching bones together
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Types of Synovial Joints
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Gliding Joint Also known as a “plane” or “arthrodial”
joint Connects flat or slightly curved bone
surfaces Ex. Joints between tarsals Ex. Joints between carpals
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Hinge Joints Also known as a “ginglymus” joint Think of the hinge of a door… Convex portion of one bone fitting into a
concave portion of another Allows movement on one plane Ex. Joint between phalanges Ex. Joint between humerus and ulna Ex. Joint between femur and tibia
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Pivot Joints Also known as a “trochoid” joint Allows rotation in one plane (uni-axial) A rounded point of one bone fits into a
groove of another Ex. Atlantoaxial joint (between atlas and
axis– shake head “no”) Ex. Between radius and ulna at humerus
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Ellipsoid Joints Allows movement on two planes (bi-
axial) Ex. Metaphalangeal joint
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Saddle Joints Allows movement in two planes Movements include flexion/extension
and abduction/adduction Does not have a ball-and-socket rotation Ex. Carpo-metacarpal articulation
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Ball and Socket Joint Also known as a “spherodial” joint “Ball” at one bone fits into the “socket”
of another, allowing movements around all three axis
Ex. Hip Ex. Shoulder