Types of Reproduction

Asexual

Sexual

Background….

• Heredity-The transmission of genetic information (through DNA) from parents to offspring

• Genetics- The science of heredity, dealing with resemblances (likeness) and differences of related organisms.

Purpose of Reproduction

• Why do organisms reproduce?

• To make sure a species can continue.

Definition: Reproduction is the process by which an organism produces others of its same kind.

(OFFSPRING)

Asexual Reproduction

• A new organism (sometimes more than one) is produced from one organism.

• The offspring will have genetic material uniform with the genetic material of the parent organism. This means they will be genetically alike.

Types of Asexual Reproduction

• Budding

• Regeneration

• Fission (Binary fission)

Budding

• Duplicate plant or animal begins to form at the side of the parent and enlarges until an individual is created.

• Very common in plants

http://www.waycross.edu/faculty/bmajdi/hydra%20budding.jpg

http://judyepstein.com/images/DesertImages/Budding-Purple-LG.jpg

Regeneration

• The ability to restore a full organism lost or damaged tissues, organs or limbs.

(Common feature in invertebrates, like worms and starfish.)

http://www.vsf.cape.com/~jdale/science/starfishregenerating.jpg

http://classes.design.ucla.edu/Spring05/152BC/projects/saito/ex3/planaria.jpg

Fission

• Also called binary fission.

-Becoming two by division of the complete organism.

• A type of cell division.

http://wappingersschools.org/RCK/staff/teacherhp/johnson/visualvocab/BinaryFissionParamecium.jpg

http://coris.noaa.gov/glossary/binary_fission_186.jpg

Sexual Reproduction

• Requires two sex cells – egg and sperm

-Found in humans and larger mammals

• The egg and sperm join to form an entirely new organism– Different from the parent organism BUT

having genetic information from both parents

IMPORTANT TO KNOW!

• Asexual reproduction results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent organism (exactly the same)

• Sexual reproduction results in offspring that are genetically different from the parent organisms (like characteristics).

-This allows for DIVERSITY

Sexual Reproduction

+

DAY 2….Genes, Dominance, and

Inheritance

Mendel ' s Theory of Inheritance

• The focus of genetic research shifted to understanding what really happens in the transmission of hereditary traits from parents to children. 

DAY 2….

Punnett Square

• Characteristic-Eye Color

• BB-Homozygous for Blue Eyes

• bb-Homozygous for Brown Eyes

• How many offspring have BLUE eyes?

B B

b

b

Punnett Square

• Characteristic-Eye Color

• BB-Homozygous for Blue Eyes

• bb-Homozygous for Brown Eyes

• How many offspring have BLUE eyes?

B B

b

b

Bb

Punnett Square

• Characteristic-Eye Color

• BB-Homozygous for Blue Eyes

• bb-Homozygous for Brown Eyes

• How many offspring have BLUE eyes?

B B

b

b

Bb Bb

Punnett Square

• Characteristic-Eye Color

• BB-Homozygous for Blue Eyes

• bb-Homozygous for Brown Eyes

• How many offspring have BLUE eyes?

B B

b

b

Bb Bb

Bb

Punnett Square

• Characteristic-Eye Color

• BB-Homozygous for Blue Eyes

• bb-Homozygous for Brown Eyes

• How many offspring have BLUE eyes?

B B

b

b

Bb Bb

Bb Bb

Punnett Square

• How many offspring have BLUE eyes?

ALL FOUR!

• Do any offspring carry the gene for brown eyes?

CLONING

THE FACTS….•Cloning in biology is the process of producing similar populations of genetically identical individuals that occurs in nature when organisms such as bacteria, insects or plants reproduce asexually.

•The possibility of human cloning, raised when Scottish scientists at the Roslin Institute created the much-celebrated sheep "Dolly“.

1996-2003

Now on display in Scotland

Writing AssignmentWrite a FULL response to the following

question

• If scientists were able to clone Dolly, they could soon want to clone humans. What are your views on cloning? What could cloning mean for the future?

• In your response include-

Medical Advantages & Disadvantages

Ethical Concerns (is this right or wrong & why)

Possible Problems