By Tahir nawaz khanM.Phil Scholar

*TYPES OF TOXIC AND HAZARDOUS WASTE

*contents* Definition of waste *Introduction to Hazardous wastes*Difference b/w Hazardous and toxic waste*Sources of Hazardous waste*Common examples of Hazardous waste*Types of Hazardous wastes

*What is waste ? A material, substance, or by-product) eliminated or discarded as no longer useful or required after the completion of a process.

ORany unwanted or discarded material we produce that is may be a solid or a liquid or gas.

It may be toxic or may be not .

* Introduction

*The U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY estimated that U.S. factories released 1.8 million metric tons

(about 2 million tons) of toxic chemicals into the air, land, and surface waters in 2011, including a number of chemicals that are known carcinogens.

*In the United States hundreds of billions of gallons of groundwater are also contaminated with uranium and other toxic chemicals, and more than 63.5 million metric tons (about 70 million tons) of radioactive waste, which is mostly uranium waste derived from spent nuclear fuel, is buried in landfills, trenches, and unlined tanks

* Difference b/w Toxic and hazardous waste

*A substance will be Hazardous waste if it is1. Reactive2. Corrosive3. Flammable(ignitable)4. Toxic

A toxic waste is only waste that when ingested or adsorbed ,is harmful or fatal to living organism

So Hazardous waste may be sometimes toxic

But toxic waste always be Hazardous waste

*Sources of Hazardous wasteToxic waste results from industrial, chemical, and biological processes*Sources of hazardous waste1. by products of industrial , domestic activities2. mining sites and mineral processing sites3. agricultural facilities and research laboratories4. All sources that discharges liquid , solid and gas that

fit the definition of Hazardous waste can be regarded as hazardous waste.

5. agricultural land and agroindustry 6.contiminated sites and building materials

*examples*Common hazardous waste include1. Waste oil and fuel2. Solvents and thinners3. Toxic and flammable paint wastes4. Chlorinated solvents , heavy metals ,5. Perchlorates and peroxides6. Radioactive waste etc.

*Don’t Let Negative and Toxic People

Rent Space in Your Head .

Raise the Rent and Kick them out.

* hazardous wastes have four categories

1. Listed Wastes: Wastes that EPA has determined are hazardous. The lists include the F-list (wastes from common manufacturing and industrial processes), K-list (wastes from specific industries), and P- and U-lists (wastes from commercial chemical products)2. Characteristic Wastes: Wastes that do not meet any of the listings above but that exhibit ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity, or toxicity.3. Universal Wastes: Batteries, pesticides, mercury-containing equipment (e.g., thermostats) and lamps (e.g., fluorescent bulbs).4. Mixed Wastes: Waste that contains both radioactive and hazardous waste components.

*Types of Hazardous waste

*Hazardous waste may be of two types1. Designated waste (listed waste)2.Characteristics waste

Designated waste is one that is specifically listed by USEPA as Hazardous.

While characteristics waste is one that exhibits any one of the characteristics of ignitability , corrosiveness , reactivity and toxicity

ORWastes that do not meet any of the listings type wastes but that exhibit ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity, or toxicity.

Designated waste (listed waste) types

EPA designates more than 450listed wastes which are specific substances or classes of substances known to beHazardous , classified into four groups OR lists

1.F-type wastes from nonspecific sources2. K-type wastes from specific sources3. P-type acute hazardous wastes4. U-Type miscellaneous hazardous wastes

*Each substance in every group or list is assigned an EPA hazardous waste number.

For example in u-type list Acetophenone U004

For example in k-type list Wastewater treatment sludge from the production of chrome yellow and orange pigments K002

*Difference b/n listing type & Characteristics waste*Listings types are based on Pedigree

(e.g., history, background, derivation) VS.*Characteristics types are based on

chemistry (e.g., physical properties)

*Types of listing type wastes

1.F-type wastes ( nonspecific wastes )

*Because the processes producing these wastes can occur in different sectors of industry, the F-listed wastes are known as wastes from non-specific sources. *For example This list identifies wastes

from common manufacturing and industrial processes, such as solvents that have been used in cleaning or degreasing operations.

*2. The K-list (source-specific wastes).

The K-list (source-specific wastes). This list includes certain wastes from specific industries, such as petroleum refining or pesticide manufacturing. Certain sludge and wastewaters from treatment and production processes in these industries are examples of source-specific wastes.

*P-type acute hazardous wastes:*Wastes that have been found to be fatal

tohumans in low doses, or capable of causing or significantly contributing to anincrease in serious irreversible or incapacitating reversible illness.For Example These are mostlyspecific chemical species such as fluorine (P056) or 3-chloropropane nitrile (P027).

*U-Type miscellaneous hazardous wastes

*A different variety of waste are listed here*These are predominantly specificcompounds such as calcium chromate (U032) or phthalic anhydride (U190).

*Characteristics waste

*Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) defines these hazardous substances in terms of

the following characteristics:*Ignitability* CORROSIVITY*Reactivity*Toxicity

*Ignitability

*Ignitable substances in these wastes may be *Liquids*Gases

*They catch fire due to *Presence of ignition source (liquid)*From friction or contact with water (non

liquids)e.g., ignitable compressed gases; and oxidizers (organic peroxide )

*Corrosivity

characteristic of substances that exhibit extremes of acidity or basicity

or a tendency to corrode steel e.g.,HCL etc

*Reactivity* substances that have a tendency to undergo

violent chemical change (examples are explosives, pyrophoric materials, water-reactive substances, or cyanide- or sulfide-bearing wastes)

* It is a cyanide or sulfide bearing waste which, when exposed to pH conditions between 2 and 12.5, can generate toxic gases, vapors or fumes in a quantity sufficient to present a danger to human health or the environment.

*Toxicity

Substances which are itself toxic or its compounds are toxice.g., Arsenic D004

*References

1.EPA official website (http://www.epa.gov/)2.Environmental Chemistry by Manahan (chap#19)

SO LONG ,AND

THANKS

FOR ALL FISH