Variations in society

types of villagesA number of factors allow a change in societies:differences in natural environment,encounters with strangers, even deliberate choices on the part of the people.

All of which allow for different societies to grow.

Pastoral

Agricultural Village Societies

Chiefdoms

The three types of these in the Neolithic Age are:

First Let’s definePastoral = A pastoral society is a nomadic group of

people who travel with a herd of domesticated animals, which they rely on for food.

Desert areas or northern climates where it's difficult to grow crops are where pastoral societies have been in existence for hundreds of years, and they were formed as a means of supporting life.

They relied on the meat and dairy from their herds.

First let’s defineAgricultural Village Societies = settled villages based

horticultural farmersRetained much of the social and gender equality of

gathering and hunting communitiesNo kings chiefs bureaucrats

First let’s defineChiefdoms = agricultural village societies organized

politically as chiefdoms – power was inherited based on seniority and status

Chiefs could seldom use forceMore distinct element of inequality

Now the gameAs the following slides come up,

Classify the clue as one of the three types of villages based on what you know about the village and it’s characteristics.

Good Luck!

Ps. Don’t worry we’ll check it in the end.

Attracted to equality within society

Reliance on generosity or gift giving important

Lineage system dominant.

Gender equality between men and women.

Followed changing patterns of vegetation

Women involved in spinning and weaving of textiles.

Women involved with milking animals and processing the milk.

Non-egalitarian society

Emerged in central Asia, the Arabian peninsula, the Sahara and parts of eastern and southern Africa.

Maintained social and gender equality of gathering and hunting communities.

Interacted with neighboring agricultural and "civilized” peoples.

Modest social and economic inequalities.

Emerged everywhere.

Social equality.

One led the important religious or secular functions

Organized by kinship-based clans or tribes

One collected tribute from the commoners in the form of food, manufactured goods and raw materials.

Moved Seasonally

Women were warriors as well as healers and shamans.

Cult of the Goddess based on the mystery of birth, death and the renewal of life.

How’d you do?Pastoral=Emerged in central Asia, the Arabian peninsula, the Sahara and

parts of eastern and southern Africa.Moved SeasonallyFollowed changing patterns of vegetationOrganized by kinship-based clans or tribesAttracted to the agrarian societiesInteracted with neighboring agricultural and "civilized” peoples.Gender equality of men and women.Women involved with milking animals and processing the milk.Women were warriors as well as healers and shamans.

How’d you doAgricultural Village Societies = Maintained social and gender equality of gathering and hunting

communities.Houses built on top of each other.Women involved in spinning and weaving of textiles. Social equality.Cult of the Goddess based on the mystery of birth, death and the

renewal of life.Aligned themselves in kinship groups or lineages.Lineage system dominant.Modest social and economic inequalities.Elders could exploit the labor of junior members of the community

How’d you doChiefdoms = Reliance on generosity or gift giving importantOne led the important religious or secular functionsOne collected tribute from the commoners in the form of

food, manufactured goods and raw materials.Non-egalaritain societyEmerged everywhere.