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Types of wounds

Close wounds (Superficial)

Petechiae(pronounced puh-TEE-kee-ee) are pinpoint, round spots that appear

the skin as a result of bleeding under the skin. The bleeding causes the petechiae to

appear red, brown or purple. Petechiae commonly appear in clusters and may look

a rash. Usually flat to the touch, petechiae don't lose color when you press on them

Petechiae are tiny, usually measuring less than an eighth of an inch (about 3

millimeters). Larger varieties of these types of spots are called purpura. Petechiae m

indicate a number of conditions, ranging from minor blood vessel injuries to life-

threatening medical conditions.

A bruise(layman's term), also called a contusion(medic

term), is a type of hematomaof tissue [1]in which capillarie

and sometimes venulesare damaged by trauma, allowing

bloodto seep, hemorrhage, or extravasateinto the

surrounding interstitialtissues !ot blanching on pressure

bruises can involve capillaries at the level of s"in,

subcutaneous tissue, muscle, or bone[#][$]%ruises are not

be confused with other lesions primarily "nown by their

diameter &hese lesions include petechia( $ mm caused

typically by plateletdisorders), purpura($ mm to 1 cm

caused typically by inammation of the small blood vessels "nown as vasculitis), and ecchymo

(1 cm caused typically by coagulationdisorders), all of which also do not blanch on pressure,

and are caused by internal bleedingnot associated with trauma (eg, plateletor coagulationdisorder)[*]

Epithelia

Epithelium is one of the 4 primary tissues of the body. It consists of cells usually

arranged in sheets or tubules that are attached to the underlying basement

membrane. The basement membrane, a structure seen with the light microscop

has been subdivided into a basal lamina (thought to be produced by the epitheliu

and a reticular lamina (produced by connective tissue cells). You will usually see

basal laminaonly with the electron microscope.

Hecatombetravasation of blood is wider but thinner.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematomahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tissue_(biology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tissue_(biology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruise#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capillaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venulehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_traumahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemorrhagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extravasatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstitial_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subcutaneous_tissuehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruise#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruise#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diameterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petechiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platelethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purpurahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasculitishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecchymosishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coagulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_bleedinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platelethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coagulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tissue_(biology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruise#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capillaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venulehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_traumahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemorrhagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extravasatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstitial_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subcutaneous_tissuehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruise#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruise#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diameterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petechiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platelethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purpurahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasculitishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecchymosishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coagulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_bleedinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platelethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coagulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematoma

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Ecchymosisthe

escape of blood in

the tissues fromruptured blood vessels &he term also applies to the

subcutaneous discoloration resulting from

seepage of blood within the contused tissue

A hematomaor haematoma, is a locali+ed collection

bloodoutside the blood vesselsusually in liuid form

within the tissue An ecchymosis, commonly (although

erroneously) called a bruise, is a hematoma of the s"i

larger than 1-mm

Deep Close wounds

Sprain A sprainis damage to one or more ligamentsi

a.oint, often caused by trauma or the .oint being

ta"en beyond its functional range of motion &he

severity of sprain ranges from a minor in.ury whic

resolves in a few days to a ma.or rupture of one or

more ligaments reuiring surgical /xation and a

period of immobili+ation 0prains can occur in any .ointbut are most common in the an"le and wrist

Fracturea medical condition in which there is a brea" in the continuity of the bone A bone

fracture can be the result of high force impactor stress, or a minimal trauma in.ury as a result

certain medical conditions that wea"en the bones, such as osteoporosis, bone cancer, or

osteogenesis imperfecta, where the fracture is then properly termed a pathologic fracture

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecchymosishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruisehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligamenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jointhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_forcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress_fracturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteoporosishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_cancerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteogenesis_imperfectahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathologic_fracturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecchymosishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruisehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligamenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jointhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_forcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress_fracturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteoporosishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_cancerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteogenesis_imperfectahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathologic_fracture

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Kinds of Fracture

The Simple fractureis

often compared to the compound fracture.

Compound breaks look very serious immediately because bone penetrates skin; bone may

remain on the outside of the skin or cause a cut from the inside and shift back to where it cant be

seen. In contrast, a simple fracture is a break in the bone that doesnt penetrate the skin. Simp

doesnt necessarily mean less serious, and there are other ways of assessing

degree of severity in bone breaks.

Compound Fracture, is an in.ury that occurs when

there is a brea" in the s"in around a bro"en

bone n order for an in.ury to be classi/ed as a

compound fracture, the outside air (and dirt an

bacteria) must be able to get to the fracture sit

without a barrier of s"in or soft2tissue &herefor

a bone does not need to be through the s"in in

order for the in.ury to be called a compound

fracture

Comminuted Fractureis a fracture in which the bone involve

in the fracture is broken into several pieces. t least three

separate pieces of bone must be present for a fracture to be

classified as comminuted. This type of fracture can be challengi

to treat due to the comple!ity of the break, and it can be especi

complicated if the fracture is open, meaning that the bone is

protruding outside the skin. "pen fractures are at a very high ri

of infection and they typically take longer to heal.

http://www.wisegeekhealth.com/what-is-a-compound-fracture.htmhttp://www.wisegeekhealth.com/what-is-a-compound-fracture.htmhttp://www.wisegeekhealth.com/what-is-a-compound-fracture.htm

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Strainis an in.uryto a musclein which the muscle /be

tear as a result of overstretching A strain is also

collouially "nown as a pulled muscle &he euivalen

in.ury to a ligamentis a sprain

Dislocation

displacement of a bone from a !oint" called also luation. The mostcommon ones involve a finger, thumb, shoulder, or hip" less commonare those of the mandible, elbow, or #nee. $ymptoms include loss ofmotion, temporary paralysis of the !oint, pain, swelling, and sometimeshoc#. %islocations are usually caused by a blow or fall, althoughunusual physical effort may also cause one. & few dislocations,especially of the hip, are congenital, usually from a faulty constructioof the !oint, and are best treated in infancy with a cast and possiblysurgery.

Kinds of Dislocation

Simple dislocation 3islocations are caused by stresses

forceful enough to overcome the resistance of the

ligaments, muscles, and capsule that hold the .oint in

place A dislocation is called simple when the .oint surfac

are not exposed to the air

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injuryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skeletal_musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stretchinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligamenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprainhttp://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/luxationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injuryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skeletal_musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stretchinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligamenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprainhttp://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/luxation