Types/Levels of IntegrationTypes/Levels of Integration

Chao-Hsien Chu, Ph.D.School of Information Sciences and Technology

The Pennsylvania State University

PresentationData

Functional

Hardw

are

Syste

ms

Softw

are

Netw

ork

Problem Solving ApproachesProblem Solving Approaches

Handcrafted Approach: Batch file transfers under manual control Human activated.

New Technologies: Object Oriented Technology. Application Servers – Web Service. Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) Extensible Markup Language (XML).

The Two Components of IntegrationThe Two Components of Integration

Documents

ImageryNumeric Data

Call Center

Bill PaymentMortgage

UNIX

PC

MVS

Information Integration

Application Integration

Network Integration

Environment

Process

Evolution of IntegrationEvolution of Integration

Range

Com

ple

xity

Systems Integration

Documents

Imagery

Numeric Data

Call Center

BillPayment

Mortgage

UNIX

PC

MVS

Application Integration

Network Integration

PC

Hardware Integration

Levels of IntegrationLevels of Integration

Documents

ImageryNumeric Data

Call Center

Bill PaymentMortgage

UNIX

PC

MVS

Information Integration

Application Integration

Network Integration

System Integration

Documents

Imagery

Numeric Data

Call Center

Bill PaymentMortgage

UNIX

PC

MVS

Application Integration

Network Integration

Systems Systems IntegrationIntegration

Information Integration

Documents

Imagery

Numeric Data

Call Center

Bill PaymentMortgage

UNIX

PC

MVS

Application Integration

Network Integration

Documents

Imagery

Numeric Data

Call Center

Bill PaymentMortgage

UNIX

PC

MVS

Information Integration

Application Integration

Network Integration

Information Integration

IntegrationModels

Integration ModelsIntegration Models

Simplicity

Reusability

Breath of Approach

Expertise Required

Presentation Integration

Data Integration

Functional Integration

Attributes Models

ADO

ODBC

JDBC

XSL

CSS

XML Application ConnectorsXML Application Connectors

XMLDocument

Print out

CD ROM

Web

WAP, etc.

RDBMS

OODBMS

OtherDBMSs

Applications

DOM SAX

DataIntegration

PresentationIntegration

FunctionalIntegration

XML Information Retrieval MechanismXML Information Retrieval Mechanism

Application Programs / Browsers

DOM DSO CSS XSL

XMLDocuments

XML SQL

Data

SQL Server Oracle

Others

ADO

HTTP + SQL

ODBCJDBC

FunctionalIntegration

PresentationIntegration

DataIntegration

The Presentation Integration ModelThe Presentation Integration Model

Common Presentation

Presentation Presentation

Legacy Application

Packaged Application

• Web browser• Java• Windows GUI

Data Data

Presentation Integration ModelPresentation Integration Model

Providing a Microsoft Windows interface to a mainframe application.

Providing a unified HTML interface to an SAP R/3 and mainframe application.

Providing a unified Java-based interface to multiple mainframe application.

Providing a unified HTML Applet interface to a Java-based application.

The Data Integration ModelThe Data Integration Model

Application Logic

Middleware

Presentation

LegacyApplication

PackagedApplication

Data Data

• Web browser• Java• Windows GUI

• Batch file transfer• Database gateway• ODBC• Data warehousing• OLAP• Data transformation

The Data Integration ModelThe Data Integration Model

Combining customer data from Sybase, IBM DB2, and SAP R/3 databases into a call center application.

Creating an executive information system (EIS) that uses data from mainframe and Oracle database.

Allowing other applications to access information in Peoplesoft and custom Oracle databases.

Data warehousing is a good example. Designing a VB interface to retrieve and display

data from a C++ application.

Packaged Application

The Functional Integration ModelThe Functional Integration Model

Application Logic

Middleware

Presentation

Legacy Application

Data Data

• Web browser• Java• Windows GUI

• MOM (Message Oriented Middleware)• DOT (Distributed Object Tech.)• TP monitor (Transaction Processing)

Distributed Processing MiddlewareDistributed Processing Middleware

Message Oriented Middleware (MOM). Providing integration by passing message between applications.

Distributed Object Technology (DOT). CORBA (OMG), COM+ (Microsoft), J2EE (SUN).

Transaction Processing Monitors (TPMs). Allow a transaction to be managed using two-phase commit.

API (Application Programming Interface) is a good example.

Comparison of Integration ApproachesComparison of Integration Approaches

PresentationIntegration

Data Integration

FunctionalIntegration

Application is visible (white box)

Application is visible (white box)

Application can be visible or invisible

Database is visible (white box)

Database is visible (white box)

Database can be visible or invisible

Higher degree of coupling

Higher degree of coupling

Reusable; Plug and play systems

Allow access to data or a software component

Code integration at procedures or objects

Use API or connectors for integration

Approaches to Functional IntegrationApproaches to Functional Integration

Data Consistency. The coordination of information updates from one or more sources across integrated applications.

Multistep Process. A coordinated set of actions executed across integrated applications.

Plug and Play Components. The creation of reusable interfaces across applications that simplify construction of new applications.

Data Consistency IntegrationData Consistency Integration

Change address123 Colshire DrAshburn, VA 22102

Web Site

Customer

Changes address

Change address123 Colshire Dr

Ashburn, VA 22102Change address123 Colshire DrAshburn, VA 22102

CheckingSystem

MortgageSystem

PMISystem

An applic

ation

to ac

cess

or

update d

ata

Multistep Process IntegrationMultistep Process Integration

OrderProcessing

System

Logistics andShippingSystem

WebSite Billing

System

Customer

2. Crea

te order

1. Order supplies

3. Ship order

4. Update order status

5. Update order status

4. Send bill

Payment

Bill

Product

An application to initiate workflow

Component IntegrationComponent Integration

CheckingSystem

SavingsSystem

MortgageSystem

EquitiesSystem

Single View of theCustomer Web Site

Customer checkingon account

Functional Integration ApproachesFunctional Integration Approaches

DataConsistency

MultistepProcess

ComponentIntegration

Loosely coupled Tightly coupled Tightly coupled

Asynchronous dominates

Asynchronous or synchronous based

Synchronous dominates

One-wayOne-way and request/reply

Request/reply

Simple abstraction of business rules

Complex abstraction of business rules

Complex abstraction of business rules

Thank You?

Any Question?