Deconstructive Architecture

Minimalist Architecture

Green Architecture

Futuristic Architecture

By: Gheorghe Montezuma

By: Genesis Mendoza

By: Jusmy Rodriguez

Layneth Legon

Architecture By: Luis Antonio Hernadez

By: Luisa Duran

Minimalism emerged in the late

'60s in New York, but its origins are rooted in

Europe, the first ideas of the German architect

Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe, one of the most

important architects of this century.

Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe

elaborates his ideas about the purity of form

during his tenure in the direction of the School

of Art and Design at the Bauhaus in

Germany in the late '30s. Shortly thereafter,

due to the process of the second world war,

emigrated to the United States, where he was

known as an influential architect and

designer, and nationalizes U.S..

Entered the 60 participating in New York's art movement and

geometric least in the visual arts. Although not the only one who spoke, his

version of rationalism and functionalism subsequently, have become models

for the rest of his century professionals. His influence can be summarized in

a phrase which he dictated and that has become the motto of the modern

architecture of the first half of the twentieth century: "less is more".

Minimalist Architecture

“Less Is More”

There is a minimalism that is expressed in the large-scale

sculpture in the value of large simple shapes, like skyscrapers, and moreover

minimalism is perceived more in nakedness and simplicity of the interior space,

the quality of the detail technical and domestic perception of materiality.

Minimalism, in short, is manifested in the reduction of the elements of language

and the simplification of forms, both in the pursuit of transparency and

immateriality as the creation of solid, strong, stable and gestalt.

Minimal art shows in New York in the sixties and permeates

various creative fields such as sculpture, painting, dance, music, theater, film

and even fashion, in one instance closest to consumption.

These are the years in which Marilyn Monroe suicide and Phillip Johnson

says the Seagram Building as the ultimate icon of modernity. It lifts the Pan

Am skyscraper, designed by Walter Gropius, next to Grand Central Station in

New York that transforms the urban and architectural scale of Park Avenue,

one of the most emblematic streets of the city. Frank Lloyd Wright built the

Guggenheim next to Central Park.

“Less Is More”

While minimalist art

history is the crisis of modernity, the

condition is minimalist in architecture

and undeniable references to some of

the modern masters like Mies Van Der

Rohe. His famous phrase "less is

more" is like a flag that defines

minimalism as reducing child of

cosmetic and plastic. The search is

oriented in the sense that either reduce

the most eloquent gesture. It is no

longer necessary to leave the structure

in sight, Le Corbusier proclaimed

purism: more interested in pure flat,

smooth and white that openness of the

material or the displaying of a

structure.

From the second half of the

sixties, minimalist theory stimulates an

unprecedented relationship between the

work and the receiver from the point of view

of the mechanisms of perception, a

relationship that explores the modern

tradition and their own margins. Each

artistic contribution and projecting open a

new inquiry into its own materiality and

dematerialization possibilities.

“Less Is More”

The European work Vassily

Kandinsky, Kazimir

Malevich and Piet

Mondrian, as draft Walter

Gropius, Mies Van Der Rohe

and Le Corbusier, this

process will be seminal in

search of a new artistic status

as the most purely reveal

structural formal

compositional and conceptual

new art.

Minimalism comes a trend which rescues the concept of

"minimum". Mies Van Der Rohe pioneered this trend by proposing his

famous phrase: "less is more" hence the term drift and tendency to get a

lot with the bare minimum.

It is considered to reduce the

tendency of the essentials without

leftover decorations, to stand by its

geometry and its simplicity. It's

straight, transparencies, textures, is

functionality and spaciousness, is

light and the environment.

The minimalist architecture

expands very quickly, thanks to

the simplicity of its lines. A symbol

of modern architecture that uses

elementary geometry forms.

Minimalism is a sign of our

times, the cool minimalist

architecture is not human, it

highlights the nature and light. In

almost all modern developments

involving this style.

Glass, stone, rustic plaster and

wood. A whole range of natural

materials combined in compositions

of straight lines and rational.

Minimalist Architecture

The use of light and spaciousness are very

particular in this style. The harmony of materials and shapes

distinguish this current present in all forms of art.

All facades stand straight lines and blocks of outright forms.

From the color tends to monochrome tones predominating soft

white and ecru. Always creating contrasts of materials and

textures.

The architecture uses minimalist monochromatic environments. A

break in minimalism can be given to paint a wall in a raised tone

than the rest of the atmosphere, but does not allow changes so

bold as bright colors or very far from the neutral (browns, beiges,

tans).

“Minimalist

Architecture Design” This design style house to Minimalism seeks greater contact

with the outside. Three fifths of the plan lead to open spaces to maintain a

relationship with the outside. Man builds on nature but must respect it.

The "house W" devotes a significant proportion of the design for it, close

the line between space where nature dominates and housing is present. In the

East, especially in Japan, Minimalist architecture is preferred, synthesis

and design expresses understands the house as the solution to a problem

limited to what is really essential.

The inhabitants of this

minimalist house at all times have

access to outer space, natural

light and outside air. Minimalist

architecture is understood here as

a fashion, is a style perfects

gracefully design solutions,

achieving true models.

The environments are simply

the result of the definition of a

floor and a ceiling. All finished

in white, as do the Japanese,

further accentuates the minimum

expression. Walls of glass and

almost private areas exposed.

“Features of Minimalism” Minimalism is

characterized by extreme simplicity

of its forms, clean lines, neutral

colors and clear spaces, in an

environment with balance and

harmony.

First of all open spaces are

privileged, preferably high, and free.

A functional harmonious

environment outside the concept of

excess, saturation and visual

pollution. It also avoids the

cacophony, repetition and any visual

redundancy. It could be considered a

"antibarroquismo" aesthetic.

Everything should be soft, calm and

order, nothing superfluous and

baroque excesses or stridency, often

oblivious to the world outside.

Sobriety without ornamentation.

In short, the philosophy of

minimalism seeks construct each

space with the minimum possible

number of elements, so as to

eliminate or avoid everything that

could be fitting.

In minimalism all elements

must combine and form a unit,

putting the whole over the parts.

The space itself is very important,

never "overshadowed" by the

decorative elements. In this

context, there is a clear primacy

to sleek and low, almost at

ground level, with absolute

monochromatic roofs, floors and

walls, complemented by furniture

“Features of Minimalism” Colors

One of the main features

of minimalism is the use of pure colors,

surfaces or backgrounds with

monochromatic tones predominating

soft white and ecru. Also incorporated

toasted or black with subtle touches of

color to accentuate details and

accessories. When we think of the

target there is to know, not to forget,

that white is a color with a wide range

of tonal variations that can multiply

the luminosity.

The contrast is provided by some

ornamental details of which, in any

case, be abused. The detail of color, red

or maybe a pistachio, can be given by a

rug, a pillow, or a single object

“Features of Minimalism” Materials

Materials are one of the key points of minimalism. In the

minimalist setting timber is used both in homes and in furniture, and

rustic materials: smooth cement, glass, steel wire, and stones venecita

mainly unprocessed, minimally manipulated.

Furniture

The furniture itself take the concept of minimalism of

simplicity and functionality, less is more. Austerity in the design and the

amount of furniture, are basic to the minimalist decor. Not always

available fixtures. Often hidden or stored in furniture or shelving.

Modern furniture and oriental look great with this type of decoration.

“Features of Minimalism”

Walls

On the walls is to

avoid all ornament that is more,

but you can use any pictures

featured in the presence or

importance. An author box is a

good resource. Smooth walls

light colored or lined with stone,

as the only decorative element.

Minimalist Architecture

Trends In recent years, the design of the facade and the integration of

the building with its surroundings are the areas of research and expressive

means showing that enrich contemporary architects and minimalist design.

Such is the case of Herzog & De Meuron, Rem Koolhaas and Peter

Zumthor, using materials like basalt, copper or basaltic glass on the

facades of their buildings. His projects they depict irrefutably where are

installed and have a special care for the construction details.

Tadao Ando, exclusively uses concrete, because it allows

perfect forms and represent the Japanese building tradition. Another

common characteristic of the wide range of modalities dematerialization is

minimalist, consisting of the will of the architects of the building

made invisible. Architects assigned to this trend are Jean Nouvel,

Dominique Perrault or Toyo Ito, plus Rafael Moneo or Norman Foster

that are unusual in this trend.

Luis Barragan projects, Eduardo Souto de Moura, Álvaro

Siza Vieira, among others, deserve special mention as his works reflect a

greater abstraction in the composition of architectural spaces. The geometry

and design of the buildings as real sculptures makes them stand out, as

well as the accuracy of the materials and the detailing of the volumes.

Minimalist Home Designs

Casa W

Casa W sits in the windy

seaside town of Huentelauquén. The house

has 3 rooms, 2 bathrooms, living and

dining room and a set of courtyards. The

proposal addresses the main demands of

creating spaces protected from the winds

and staying within the predetermined

budget.The house was situated parallel to

the seafront, facing west. Common areas

are to the south, with privileged views,

integrating kitchen, dining and living

rooms. Most of the façades are composed

by a wrap-around wall built in vertical

planks of pine wood, which allows for the

articulation of a series of intermediate

spaces and visually controls any future

neighboring constructions. These inner

courtyards reference the need to contain the

predominant wind of the area – one

expands the common areas and the other

provides a safe environment for the

family’s leisure.Predominantly built in

wood, glass and stone, this transparent

house salutes the classic mid-century

modernism of Mies Van Der Rohe and

Philip Jonhson, while remaining fresh and

elegant in the style of contemporary

Chilean architecture.

Kifissia, Atenas, Grecia.

Minimalist

Bathrooms

GREEN ARCHITECTURE

reen architecture is defined as the

current architecture which seeks to include

in the structure of a natural building

wholly or simply coating the same, but not

only structural but also in the same

sustainability of this, this is achieved by

implement the right technology to segaste

less energy, natural insulation, proper

lighting (Touch Fernandez, 2009) it

becomes a green building.

G

Also, green architecture is a very

interesting topic, which has

increased in the last century study

as to implement in our homes comes

reduce costs, risks etc. Also this will

enhance the health and increase the

convenience of users, this thanks to

which are natural materials will

lead to improved quality of life of

the occupants. These studies have

resulted in introducing more green

elements in buildings building

makes it reduces its impact on the

environment.

Every day, all new construction projects in the

world are more focused on the ecology,

especially in houses or homes and buildings,

green architecture (green) and ceased to be a

vision for the future and is now a reality, this is

because the advantages of this architecture far

outweighs the disadvantages that can have, and

in most countries each day promoting green

architecture with more discounts or tax

incentives. One of the most important advantages

as the name implies, is that this architecture is

100% in favor of the environment to combat

global warming, many of the materials used

have been reused for construction.

Green building is more expensive than the

normal construction because the materials

used do not find them anywhere, and also

some materials are still in technological

development and are still very expensive, this

is one of the disadvantages but not for long,

will demand that these materials in a couple

of years forced the market to lower prices, so

the initial investment far exceeds that of a

normal construction investment. But this will

be offset by all the years of energy savings

that will have long-term owner.

Jewels of green

architecture. Bus stop in san francisco.

The furniture can also serve as

a platform for the 'green fever'.

This was designed by Diane

Loviglio.

Academy of sciences, california.

Designed by Italian Renzo Piano

with inspiration in the topography of

San Francisco and with the mission of

providing space for skylights and solar

panels.

We speak here of architecture 'green'

under the concept of integration of space

structures plant in movable and

immovable property, and not on the

buildings 'intelligent' or 'green', that

make use of new technologies and

alternative energy to contribute equally

to a improving living conditions and

respect for the environment. As will be

shown below.

Nine houses, dietikon

(switzerland).

Complex created by Peter

Vetsch and reminds us to the

homes of the hobbits.

School of art and design,

singapore. A

curved roof and 'green' building

glass protects perfectly lit.

Building In Stuttgart,

Germany.

Green dominates the 'skyline' of the

German city where, as in Switzerland, is

mandatory in the new flat roofs.

Athenaeum hotel, london.

By Patrick Blanc, expert garden

implement facades, whom he calls 'vertical

gardens'.

Caixaforum, Madrid.

Spain also has vertical gardens

Blanc's hand, as this beautiful

building in the capital.

Pont juvenal, aix-en-

provence (france).

Awesome bridge 'green',

Patrick Blanc also work.

Art movement of the early

twentieth century who rejected traditional

aesthetics and tried to glorify contemporary

life, based on his two dominant themes: the

machine and motion. Its purpose was to

awaken Italian cultural apathy that was

sunk from the late eighteenth century,

attacked the museums and academies, the

worship of the ancient Italian art and all

other times

Futurism, demanded a new artistic concept

based on the dynamics of the velocity, that

for the Futurists was essential and peculiar

to modern life.

Futuristic Architecture

One of the pioneers was Antonio

Sant'Elia.

His drawings show markedly vertical

buildings, sometimes with lifts (elevators)

and external avenues crossed by streets or

high. These utopian projects and their

exhortations on the use of new industrial

materials, make it as one of the pioneers of

the modern movement in architecture. The

problem of futuristic architecture is not a

linear retrofit problem. It is about finding

new ways, new window and door profiles,

or replace columns, pillars. That is, it is not

leaving the brick facade, to revoke or stone

lining it, or make formal differences

between the new and the old building, but

creating the Futurist house, of constructing

it with all the resources science and

technology; nobly meet every need of our

customs and our spirit, trampling all that

is grotesque, heavy and antithetical to us

(tradition, style, aesthetics, proportion),

creating new forms, new lines, a new

harmony contours and volumes, an

architecture that finds its justification only

in the special conditions of modern life and

to find correspondence and aesthetic value

in our sensitivity..

This constant renewal of the

architectonic environment will contribute

to the victory of Futurism which already

prevails in the words freedom, plastic

dynamism, music without quadrature

and the art of noise, and we fought

relentlessly against the cowardly

extension of the past .

Architectural Expressionism.

Expressionism in architecture is one of

the movements of the early twentieth

century to which they had paid little

attention despite having had a strong

influence on the formation of the modern

movement.

Characteristics of futuristic

architecture.

•The Futurist architecture is the

architecture of calculation, of reckless

daring and simplicity, the architecture

of reinforced concrete, iron, glass,

cardboard, textile fiber and all wood

substitutes, of stone and brick, allowing

maximum flexibility and lightness.

•However, there is an arid combination

of practicality and usefulness, but

remains art, ie synthesis and

expression;

•The oblique lines and elliptic lines are

dynamic, which by their very nature

have expressive power of a thousand

times the horizontal and perpendicular

lines.

•The decor, as something

superimposed on architecture is absurd,

and that only the use of the original

provision and the crude material or

seen or violently colored depends

decorative value of Futurist

architecture.

The New Era.

In 1997, the Guggenheim

Museum Bilbao by Frank Gehry,

founded a new stage in the history of

architecture. He was the first famous

architect, using digital technology, built

a building complex ways that would

have previously been nearly impossible

to achieve. In his work on the digital

revolution, the architect FredyMassad

and Alicia Guerrero Yeste argue that

"Gehry broke the monotony and

disappointment. Architects like Greg

Lynn Young, Ben Van Berkel,

Alejandro Zaera-Polo or Winny Maas

enthusiastically toured schools,

magazines symposia and preaching a

new formal world produced by

technology. "early tests ended in failure

constructed buildings or distant to what

appeared in computer graphics. But

"everyone wanted to experiment with

corrugated surfaces and distorted

forms," according to Massad.

The computer invites

fantasize and it shows. This

revolution is not an act of reaction

against established models but the

realization of a new sensibility.

Far from the theory, research on

botany applied to digital

architectural experimentation in the

case of farm tower, raises the

possibility of a new generation of

development structures which

would be based on the

characteristics of a plant organism

The deconstruction is an

architectural movement that

was born in the late 1980s.

Characterized by

fragmentation, the

nonlinear design process,

interest in the manipulation

of ideas and surface

structures in appearance of

the non-Euclidean geometry,

(for example, non-

rectilinear forms) used to

distort and dislocate some

of the basic principles of

architecture as the structure

and the building envelope.

The visual appearance late

deconstructionist school

building is characterized by

a stimulating

unpredictability and a

controlled chaos. It is based

on theoretical and literary

movement also called

deconstruction. The name

derives from the Russian

Constructivism also existed

during the 1920s where

some of his inspiration

takes forma.

The Guggenheim Museum in

Bilbao, Spain, by Frank Gehry, is

one of the most spectacular

buildings of Deconstructivism.

From organic contours, comes to

resemble a ship. Its shiny titanium

panels, reminiscent of fish scales,

reflecting the river Nervión

The deconstructivism plays in modern

architecture, a role opposite of orderly

rationality of modernism and

postmodernism. Although both

postmodernists as deconstructivist theories

jointly published in the journal

Oppositions (published in the period 1973

to 1984), these items also opened a

decisive breakthrough between the two

movements.

The deconstructivist reading of

Complexity and Contradiction is quite

different. The basic building was the

subject of the problems and intricacies

in deconstructivism, without letting go

of the ornamentation. Rather than

separating ornament and function,

like postmodernists, questioned the

functional aspects of buildings.

Geometry was what the deconstructive

postmodernists ornament for as

Venturi, the subject of complication,

and this complication of geometry

was applied, finally, to the

functional, structural and spatial

deconstructivist buildings. An

example of deconstructivist

complexity is the Vitra Design

Museum by Frank Gehry in Weil-

am-Rhein, which takes the typical

unadorned white cube of modernist art

galleries and deconstructs it, using

geometries reminiscent of cubism and

abstract expressionism.

ZAHA HADID, PRINCESS DECONSTRUCTIVIST

This princess Iraqi

born in Baghdad in

1950. Studied in Iraq,

Lebanon and

Switzerland,

graduating in pure

mathematics. In 1971 he

moved to England and

enters the Architectural

Association in London,

graduating in 1977 as

outstanding student.

Choose this capital as a

residence and works

with Rem Koolhaas. In

1979 he opened his own

workshop known

worldwide as OZH

(Office Zaha Hadid).