typological features of itelmen and its neighboring languages fileitelmen • spoken in kamchatka,...

24
Typological features of Itelmen and its neighboring languages Chikako Ono Chiba Universirty

Upload: others

Post on 25-Sep-2019

15 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

TypologicalfeaturesofItelmenanditsneighboringlanguages

ChikakoOnoChibaUniversirty

Itelmen

•  spokeninKamchatka,Russianorth-westernpartofKamchatkapeninsula

•  Chukotko-Kamchatkanfamily– SoutherngroupORisolated?

•  Seriouslyendangeredlanguage– Northerndialect:2speakers– Southerndialect:2speakers

Genealogy•  Chukotko-Kamchatkan (Ethnologue,2009)– Northern:Chukotko-Koryak

•  Chukchi•  Kerek•  Alutor•  Koryak

–  Southern:Itelmen•  WesternItelmen•  EasternItelmen•  SouthernItelmen

•  DiscussionsaboutthegenealogicalrelaOonshipbetweenItelmenandChukotko-Koryakgroup(Worth1962,Volodin1999,Kaneko2011)

Itelmen-AinurelaOonship

•  ContactinNorthernKurilislandsandsouthernpartofKamchatka

•  Principalliterature– Krasheninnikov(1755)OpisaniezemliKamchatki.– Dybowski(Radlinski1891-1894)– Torii(1903)ChishimaAinu(KurilAinu)– Murayama(1971)KitaChisimaainugo(LanguageofNorthernKurilAinu)

Lexicon

NorthernKurilAinu(Murayama1971)Itelmen(Krasheninnikov1949(1755))

Ainu Itelmen transla-on

urir urilwic(WI),urilen(DybW)

cormorant

marek marek(WI) ahookontheendofaspear

kunkutu(Sakhalindialect)

kumxtuk(Krsh.SI) ten

Consonantcluster

•  Itelmen:7consonantsattheword-iniOal,5consonantsattheword-finalntkskqzu‘ifwemadeit’əŋksxq‘painful’

•  Chukchi:CCoccurs,butCCCdoesnot pseqalɣən‘bird’(Ch)(Kurebito2001)•  Koryak:inserOngschuwatoavoidCC(C)

n-tuj-qin>n-ә-tuj-qin‘young’kajŋ-t>kajŋ-ə-t‘twobearsʼ(Kurebito2009)

•  Ainu:(C)V(C)

ItelmenMorphology

•  AggluOnaOve•  No compound•  NoincorporaOon•  AffixaOon(1)ən-kʼol-sxen-qzu-aɬ-nenCAUS-break-DISP-DUR-FUT-3SG>3SG(STEM-ROOT-STEM)–ASPECT-TENSE-PERSON+NUMBER

‘hewillkeepbreakingitintopieces’

PersonalpronounItelmen Koryak

(Zhukova1967)Ainu(Nakagawa&Nakamoto2004)

1SG kma/kəmma ɣəmmo kani

2SG kza/kəzza ɣəcci eani

3SG na/ənna ənno (sinuma)

1DU muji

2DU tuji

3DU əcci

1PL muzaʔn muju coka(ex)

2PL tuzaʔn tuju ecioka(ex)

3PL itχ əccu (oka)(ex)

4SG asinuma(incl)

4PL aoka(incl)

Affix-orderinverb

M(ood),A(spect),T(ense),P(erson)•  M+P-STEM-A-T-P Itelmen(2)tʼ-nu-qzu-aɬ-kicen‘IwillbeeaOng’IND.1SG-eat-DUR-FUT-1

•  M-P-T-STEM-T-A+P Chukchi(Kurebito2001)•  P-M-A-STEM-(PL)-A-PKoryak

Tense&Aspect•  Itelmen

•  Koryak(Kurebito2010,Zhukova1972)

NON-DURATIVE DURATIVE

PAST -Ø -qzu-Ø

PRESENT -s/-z -qzu-s/-z

FUTURE -aɬ -qzu-aɬ

PAST I -i/-e/-j

II ɣe-/ɣa-..-lin/-len

PRESENT?(temporary?) ku-/ko-..-ŋ

FUTURE I je-/ja-..-ŋ

II je-/ja-..-iki/-eke/-jki-jke

Tense-Aspect

•  Itelmen(Future:Non-duraOve/DuraOve)(3)əsxɬi-aɬ-in (4)əsxɬi-qzu-aɬ-in wakeup-FUT-3SG wakeup-DUR-FUT-3SG

‘Hewillwakeup’ ‘Hewillbewakingup’

•  Koryak(FutureI/II)(Zhukova1967)(5)je-lqut-ə-ŋ (6)je-lqut-ikiFUT-wakeup-E-PERF.3SG FUT-wakeup-NPERF.1SG

‘Hewillwakeup’‘Hewillbewaikingup’

S=A=Palignment(Itelmen)

(7)muzaʔnntʼ-nu-aɬ-kicen.(S)1PL.ABSIND.1PL-eat-PRES-1

‘Wewilleat’

(8)muzaʔnntʼ-ele-aɬ-ŋenmecʼaŋknarta.(A)1PL.ABS IND.1PL-get-FUT-1PL>3SGfarawaysledge.SG.ABS

‘Wewillgetthesledgeinthedistance.’

(9)kza muzaʔntχal-aɬ-uʔm.(P)2SG.ABS1PL.ABSeat-FUT-1PL.P

‘Youwilleatus’

A/S=Palignment(Koryak)(10)mocɣ-ə-nanməc-ca-jta-la-ŋ-ə-n(A)1PL-E-ERG  1PL.A-FUT-gotoget-PL-FUT-E-3SG.P

əjava-kva-lʔ-ə-nineŋ-Øinthedistance-LOCbe-PTCL-E-ABS.SGsledgeforburdens-ABS.SG ‘Wewillgotogetthesledgeforburdensinthedistanceʼ(Kurebito2009)(11)ɣənanmujuna-ko-lla-la-mək(P)2SG.ERG  1PL.ABSINV-NPERF-take-PL-1PL.P ‘Youtakeus’(Zhukova1967)

(12)mujumət-ko-wetal-la-ŋkolqoc-ə-k(S)1PL.ABS  1PL.S-NPERF-work-PL-NPERFkolkhoz-E-LOC‘Weworkinkolkhoz’(Zukova1967)

Person

Itelmen Koryak Ainu

Verb ◯ ◯ ◯

AdjecOve × ◯

Noun × ◯(PredicaOve)

◯(Possesiv)

PersonAgreementinVerb

(13)Itelmena.t-kʼoɬ-kicen‘Icame’b.k’oɬ-c‘youcame’ c.k’oɬ-in ‘(he/she)came’(14)Koryak(Zhukova1967)a.t-ə-ɣala-k‘Ipassedaway’  b.ɣala-j‘you/he/she/passedaway’

PersonmarkinginV,A,N

•  Koryak(Zhukova1967,1972)Verb Adjec-ve Noun

1SG ɣe-lqut-iɣəm‘Iwokeup’

n-ә-məllʲo-jɣəm‘Iamnimble’

qajəkmiŋ-iɣəm‘Iamaboy’

2SG ɣe-lqut-iɣi‘youwokeup’

n-ә-məllʲo-jɣe‘youarenimbleʼ

qajəkmiŋ-iɣi‘youareaboy’

3SG ɣe-lqul-lin‘hewokeup’

n-ә-məllʲo-qen‘he/sheisnimble’

qajəkmiŋ-ən‘heisaboy’

PersonmarkinginV,A,N

Verb=Adjec-ve Noun(Possesive)

1SG ku=ku‘Idrink’

ku=sesek‘Ifeelhot’

ku=teke(he)‘myhand’

2SG e=ku‘youdrink’

e=sesek‘youfeelhotʼ

e=teke(he)‘yourhand’

3SG ku‘hedrinks’

sesek‘he/shefeelshot’

teke(he)‘his/herhand’

Ainu(Chitosedialect)(Nakagawa&Nakamoto2004)

Indefiniteprefixi-andine-

Ikegami(1983)i-(Ainu)andine-(Chukchi)(15)i-nu-an (Ainu)‘Welistento(something,someone).’(16)t-ine-viriŋ-ɣʔe-k (Chukchi)‘Isaved(someone).’

in-..-(ʔɬ)inItelmen

in-(iʔ-/an-/aʔ-/ne-)..(-ʔɬ/-eʔɬ):AnOpassivetransiOve → intransiOvecil‘gather’ >in-cil‘dogathering’əŋkʼzu‘helpʼ >in-əŋkʼzu-ʔɬ‘dohelping’ləm‘washʼ >iʔ-ləm-eʔɬ‘dowashingʼɬəm‘kill’ >an-ɬəm‘dohunOngʼnomɬ‘send’ >aʔ-nomɬ‘dosending’ənkʼol‘break’ >ne-k’ol-eʔɬ‘dobreaking’

(17)janotananpʼeckmaəŋkʼzu-Ø-umnen.previous son1SG.ABS help-PST-3SG>1SG

‘Оlderson/daughterhelpedme.’(18)janotananp’ec(kəmank)in-əŋkʼzu-ʔɬ-Ø-qzu-in.previous son 1SG.LOC ANTIP-help-ANTIP-PST-DUR-3SG>1SG

‘Оlderson/daughterwashelping(me).’

WhydoesItelmennothaveincorporaOon?

Ainu

Itelmen

Koryak

Chukchi

Nivkh

Itelmenissurroundedbylanguageswithhighdegreeofpolysynthesis

Summary

•  SmallnumberofevidencesforborrowingsbetweensouthernItelmenandKurilAinu

•  ItelmenandKoryakhavesomecommonfeatures(p.pronoun,verbagreementetc.)

•  KoryakandAinuhaveincorporaOon,personagreementinadjecOve(andnoun),whichdonotexistinItelmen

•  TherearebigdifferencesbetweenItelmenandChukotko-Koryakgroup

References:Ethnologue:LanguagesoftheWorld.16thed.SILInternaOonal,2009.Kaneko(2011)–Kaneko,Tohru,Itelmen-gomokoritsugoda|a.JournalofChibaUniversityEurasianSociety.13:1-19.Ikegami(1983)–Ikegami,Jiro,HoppouShogengoniyosete.Gengo.Vol.12(No.11)38-45Krasheninnikov(1949)– KrasheninnikovS.P.,OpisaniezemiliKamchatki.IV-eizdanie.M.-L.Kurebito(2001)– Kurebito,Tokusu,Chukchi-godousihaseikeitairon.DoctoraldissertaOon,KyotoUniversity.Kurebito(2009)– Kurebito,Megumi,LinguisJcEthnographyoftheKoryak.Hokkaidodaigakushuppankai.Kurebito(2010)– Kurebito,Megumi,Korjak-gonozokuseijojutsu.Shudaikanomechanismwochuushinni.GengoKenkyu138:115-147.Murayama(1971)–Murayama,Shichiro,KitachishimaAinugo– BunkengakutekiKenkyu.Tokyo:YoshikawaKobunkan.Nakagawa&nakamoto(2004)–Nakagawa,Hiroshi,Nakamoto,Mustuko,CDExpressAinu-go.Hakusuisha.Radlinski(1891-1894)– Radlinski,Ignacy,Slownikinarzeszuludowkamczackich.RozpraweWidzialufilologicznegoAcademiiUmejetnosOwKrakówie.XVI-XVIIITorii(1903)–Torii,Ryuzou,ChishimaAinu,Tokyo.Worth(1962)-Worth,DeanS.,Laplacedukamtchadalparmileslanguessoi-disantpaleosiberienns.Orbis,1962,t.XI,No.2:579-599.Zhukova(1967)– Zhukova,A.N.,Russko-Korjakskijslovar’.Moskva:Sovetskayaentsiklopedija.Zhukova(1972)– Zhukova,A.N.,GrammaJkaKorjakskogojazyka.Leningrad:Nauka.