typology of 21 nursing problems
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Typology
of 21Nursing
Problems
Faye Glenn Abdellah
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We cannot wait for the world
to change. Those of us withintelligence, purpose, and
vision must take the lead andchange the world. Let usmove forward together! I
promise never to rest untilmy work has beencompleted!"
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SHORT HISTORY Born on March 13, 1919
Pioneer in nursing research She helped transform nursing theory,
nursing care and nursing education and
as a result was inducted into The NationalWomens Hall of fame in 2000.
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She developed educational materials in many
key areas of public health, including AIDS, thementally handicap, violence, hospice care,
smoking cessation, alcoholism, and drugaddiction.
Describe nursing as a service to individuals,tofamilies, and therefore to society.
According to her, nursing is based on an artand competencies, and technical skills of theindividual nurse into the desire and ability tohelp people, sick or well, cope with their health
needs.
SHORT HISTORY
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BASIC TO ALL PATIENTS
1. To maintain good hygiene and physical comfort. 2. To promote optimal activity: exercise, rest and
sleep. 3. To promote safety through the prevention of
accidents, injury, or other trauma and through the prevention of the spread
of infection. 4. To maintain good body mechanics and prevent
and correct deformities
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SUSTENAL CARE NEEDS
5. To facilitate the maintenance of a supply ofoxygen to all body cells. 6. To facilitate the maintenance of nutrition of all
body cells.
7. To facilitate the maintenance of elimination. 8. To facilitate the maintenance of fluid and
electrolyte balance. 9. To recognize the physiological responses of the
body to disease condition.
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REMEDIAL CARE NEEDS 10. To facilitate the maintenance of regulatory
mechanisms and functions.11. To facilitate the maintenance of sensoryfunction
12. To identify and accept positive and negativeexpressions, feelings,
and reactions.
13. To identify and accept the interrelatedness ofemotions and organic illness.
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RESTORATIVE CARE NEEDS 14. To facilitate the maintenance of effective
verbal and non verbal
communication.
15. To promote the development of productive
interpersonal relationships. 16. To facilitate progress toward achievement of
personal spiritual goals.
17. To create and or maintain a therapeutic
environment.
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18. To facilitate awareness of self as an individual withvarying physical , emotional, and developmental needs.
19. To accept the optimum possible goals in the light oflimitations, physical and emotional.
20. To use community resources as an aid in resolvingproblems arising from illness.
21. To understand the role of social problems asinfluencing factors in the case of illness
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Person Abdellah describes people as having physical,
emotional, and sociological needs. These needsmay overt, consisting of largely physical needs,or covert, such as emotional and social needs.
Patient is described as the only justification for
the existence of nursing. Individuals (and families) are the recipients of
nursing Health, or achieving of it, is the purpose of
nursing services.
Abdellahs Metaparadigm in
Nursing
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Abdellahs Metaparadigm in
NursingNursing Nursing is a helping profession. In Abdellahs model, nursing
care is doing something to or for the person or providing
information to the person with the goals of meeting needs,increasing or restoring self-help ability, or alleviatingimpairment.
Nursing is broadly grouped into the 21 problem areas to guide
care and promote use of nursing judgment.
She considers nursing to be comprehensive service that isbased on artand science and aims to help people, sick or well,cope with their healthneeds.
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Abdellahs Metaparadigm in
NursingHealth
In PatientCentered Approaches toNursing, Abdellah describes health as astate mutually exclusive of illness
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Abdellahs Metaparadigm in
NursingSociety/Environment
The environment is the home orcommunity from which patient comes
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ASSESSMENT PHASESESSMENT PHASENursing problems provide guidelines for thecollection of data.
A principle underlying the problem solvingapproach is that for each identified problem,pertinent data are collected.
The overt or covert nature of the problemsnecessitates a direct or indirect approach,respectively.
USE OF 21 PROBLEMS IN
THE NURSING PROCESS
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NURSING DIAGNOSISNURSING DIAGNOSIS
The results of data collection would determine the
clients specific overt or covert problems.
These specific problems would be grouped under
one or more of the broader nursing problems.
This step is consistent with that involved innursing diagnosis.
USE OF 21 PROBLEMS IN THENURSING PROCESS
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PLANNING PHASENING PHASE
The statements of nursing problems mostclosely resemble goal statements.Therefore, once a problem has beendiagnosed, the goals have beenestablished.
USE OF 21 PROBLEMS IN THENURSING PROCESS
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IMPLEMENTATION
Using the goals as the framework, a plan
is developed and appropriate nursinginterventions are determined.
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EVALUATION
According to the American NursesAssociation Standards of Nursing Practice,the plan is evaluated in terms of theclients progress or lack of progress
toward the achievement of the stated goal.
USE OF 21 PROBLEMS IN THENURSING PROCESS