The Civil WarThe Civil War Unit 5Unit 5

Tyra Turner AP U.S. History

TopicsTopics Fort SumterFort Sumter North and South North and South Blockade of the South Ports Blockade of the South Ports Battle of Bull RunBattle of Bull Run Battle of AntietamBattle of Antietam War in the East and WestWar in the East and West Emancipation Proclamation Emancipation Proclamation Battle of GettysburgBattle of Gettysburg Sherman’s MarchSherman’s March Lincoln’s AssassinationLincoln’s Assassination

Remain Remain UnitedUnited

Lincoln hoped to Lincoln hoped to prevent a war. “We are prevent a war. “We are not enemies, but not enemies, but friends,” Lincoln told friends,” Lincoln told Southerners after Southerners after taking the oath of office. taking the oath of office. “ We must not be “ We must not be enemies.” But time was enemies.” But time was running out.running out.

Abraham Lincoln is Abraham Lincoln is elected President of the elected President of the United states. During United states. During the election, he had the election, he had spoken out strongly spoken out strongly against the spread of against the spread of slavery and hoped that slavery and hoped that one day it would end.one day it would end.

The Divided The Divided UnionUnion When Abraham Lincoln, was elected president, South When Abraham Lincoln, was elected president, South

Carolina was worried. Their delegates voted to remove the Carolina was worried. Their delegates voted to remove the state of South Carolina from the United States of America. state of South Carolina from the United States of America. They were followed by the secession of six more states; They were followed by the secession of six more states; Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas. Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas. The border states of Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and The border states of Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina soon followed.North Carolina soon followed.

These eleven states eventually formed the Confederate States These eleven states eventually formed the Confederate States of America.of America.

A New Country A New Country FormedFormed

Feb 9, 1861Feb 9, 1861 - The  - The Confederate Confederate States of America States of America is formed with is formed with Jefferson Davis, a Jefferson Davis, a West Point West Point graduate and graduate and former U.S. Army former U.S. Army officer, as officer, as president. president.

Out BreakOut Break The Civil war broke out between the The Civil war broke out between the

North and South in 1861North and South in 1861 Following the outbreak of war at Following the outbreak of war at

Fort Sumter, Americans chose sidesFort Sumter, Americans chose sides The union and the confederacy The union and the confederacy

prepared for war.prepared for war.

Fort Sumter Fort Sumter AttackedAttacked

The attack on the fortThe attack on the fort Davis ordered a surprise attack Davis ordered a surprise attack

before the supplies could arrive.before the supplies could arrive. April 12, 1861April 12, 1861 - At 4:30 a.m.  - At 4:30 a.m.

Confederates under Gen. Pierre Confederates under Gen. Pierre Beauregard open fire with 50 Beauregard open fire with 50 cannons upon Fort Sumter in cannons upon Fort Sumter in Charleston, South Carolina. The Charleston, South Carolina. The Civil War begins. Civil War begins.

Lincoln had to make an important Lincoln had to make an important decision. He made the decision he decision. He made the decision he thought would be best. thought would be best.

Lincoln would not surrender the fort, Lincoln would not surrender the fort, but would send food and other but would send food and other nonmilitary supplies.nonmilitary supplies.

Jefferson Davis would decide whether Jefferson Davis would decide whether to attack and go to war or allow the to attack and go to war or allow the symbol of federal authority to remain.symbol of federal authority to remain.

Commander Robert Anderson sent the Commander Robert Anderson sent the message to Lincoln that Confederate message to Lincoln that Confederate leaders were demanding surrender or leaders were demanding surrender or would attack .would attack .

President Lincoln received word that President Lincoln received word that supplies were running out at Fort supplies were running out at Fort Sumter, located off the coast of South Sumter, located off the coast of South Carolina. If supplies did not come soon, Carolina. If supplies did not come soon, they would have to surrender the fort to they would have to surrender the fort to the confederacythe confederacy. .

Fort Sumter Fort Sumter TodayTodayFort Sumter still stands

today in South Carolina, and is a monument to remember where the first shot of the Civil War took place. These are some pictures of me visiting Fort Sumter.

Fort Sumter Fort Sumter TodayTodayWhile visiting South

Carolina for a Gymnastics meet, I had the opportunity to view the national monument museum of Fort Sumter.

Armed ForcesArmed Forces The North had The North had

mostly drafted mostly drafted soldiers with overly soldiers with overly cautious officerscautious officers

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

ArmedForces

North

Per Mil.

0

1,000,000

2,000,000

3,000,000

4,000,000

5,000,000

6,000,000

7,000,000

8,000,000

9,000,000

ArmedForces

South

PerThou.

Differences between northern and southern states:

__________ economyindustrial

free

__________ economyagricultural

“_____ states”“_____ states”slave

Advantages and Advantages and Disadvantages of the North Disadvantages of the North

and Southand SouthResources:Resources:

Blockade against Blockade against Southern PortsSouthern Ports

President Lincoln used the Union to President Lincoln used the Union to blockade the Southern Portsblockade the Southern Ports

Control of SeasControl of Seas Union navy controlled the sea and Union navy controlled the sea and

blockaded southern ports.blockaded southern ports.

The southern economy was hurt The southern economy was hurt because the South was prevented from because the South was prevented from selling and receiving goods.selling and receiving goods.

Some small, fast ships got through the Some small, fast ships got through the blockade, but the number of ships blockade, but the number of ships entering southern ports was reduced entering southern ports was reduced from 6,000 to 800 a year.from 6,000 to 800 a year.

Spread of warSpread of war Fighting in the Civil War spread to

the western United States. Main Ideas Union strategy in the West

centered on control of the Mississippi River.

Confederate and Union troops struggled for dominance in the Far West

Union strategy in the West Union strategy in the West centered on control of the centered on control of the

Mississippi River.Mississippi River. Ulysses S. Grant Ulysses S. Grant was commander of Union forces in was commander of Union forces in

WestWest Bold and restless, he wanted to attack.Bold and restless, he wanted to attack.

Western campaign focused on taking control of Western campaign focused on taking control of Mississippi River.Mississippi River. Would cut off eastern part of Confederacy from Would cut off eastern part of Confederacy from

food sources in Westfood sources in West Union could use bases along the Mississippi to Union could use bases along the Mississippi to

attack communication and transportation networks.attack communication and transportation networks. Grant’s Army of Tennessee captured Confederate Grant’s Army of Tennessee captured Confederate

forts on Tennessee and Cumberland rivers in forts on Tennessee and Cumberland rivers in February 1862.February 1862.

Both sides claimed victory in bloody two-day Both sides claimed victory in bloody two-day Battle of Battle of Shiloh Shiloh in April 1862,in April 1862, but Grant’s forces had driven but Grant’s forces had driven Confederates back into MississippiConfederates back into Mississippi

The Battle of The Battle of Bull RunBull Run The Union Army suffers a defeat at Bull The Union Army suffers a defeat at Bull

Run.Run. Was the first major battle of the Civil War.Was the first major battle of the Civil War. Fought in Manassas, Virginia.Fought in Manassas, Virginia. Thomas J. Jackson played a major part in Thomas J. Jackson played a major part in

this war, and earned himself the nickname this war, and earned himself the nickname of “Stonewall”.of “Stonewall”.

Union troops fall back to Washington and Union troops fall back to Washington and Lincoln realizes that the war will be long.Lincoln realizes that the war will be long.

This battle showed both sides that new tactics This battle showed both sides that new tactics would be necessary for victory. The would be necessary for victory. The Confederacy won several more battles in 1862, Confederacy won several more battles in 1862, including the second battle of Bull Run. including the second battle of Bull Run.

The Battle of The Battle of AntietamAntietam Bloodiest single day Bloodiest single day

of the in U.S. Military of the in U.S. Military History History

The Battle of The Battle of AntietamAntietam

In 1862 General Lee decided to make an In 1862 General Lee decided to make an invasion of the North. invasion of the North.

Lee and his army began the invasion in Lee and his army began the invasion in Maryland.Maryland.

They were forced to fight in Sharpsburg, They were forced to fight in Sharpsburg, near Antietam Creek, on September 17.near Antietam Creek, on September 17.

The battle of Antietam was the bloodiest The battle of Antietam was the bloodiest single day of the Civil War. single day of the Civil War.

5,000 Soldiers were killed and another 5,000 Soldiers were killed and another 18,000 wounded. 18,000 wounded.

Emancipation Emancipation ProclamationProclamation

By the summer of 1862 Lincoln was By the summer of 1862 Lincoln was convinced that he must take action against convinced that he must take action against the institution of slavery.the institution of slavery.

He drafted and prepared to issue the He drafted and prepared to issue the Emancipation Proclamation.Emancipation Proclamation.

This was put into action on January 1, 1863, This was put into action on January 1, 1863, announcing that slaves in states and part of announcing that slaves in states and part of states then in arms against the Union were states then in arms against the Union were to be “Then, thence forward, and forever to be “Then, thence forward, and forever free.” free.”

Emancipation Emancipation ProclamationProclamation Emancipation

Proclamation Democratic Party opposed Abolitionists said war was

pointless without freedom for African Americans.

Some predicted it would anger voters.

On September 22, 1862, Lincoln issued Emancipation Proclamation, freeing slaves only in areas controlled by Confederacy, effective January 1, 1863.

Reaction African Americans gave

thanks. Abolitionists rejoiced. Some noted that system

of slavery still existed. Encouraged many

enslaved African Americans to escape when Union troops came near.

Loss of slaves crippled the South’s ability to wage war.

Gettysburg. Gettysburg. PennsylvaniaPennsylvania Gettysburg was an important Gettysburg was an important

Northern victory. The confederate Northern victory. The confederate Army was cut down by almost 25%. Army was cut down by almost 25%.

The Battle of The Battle of GettysburgGettysburg In the summer of 1863, Major General Fitzhugh Lee In the summer of 1863, Major General Fitzhugh Lee

commander of the Cavalry Corps Army of Northern commander of the Cavalry Corps Army of Northern Virginia decided it was once again time for bold action, Virginia decided it was once again time for bold action, and Union morale was low.and Union morale was low.

With more than 70.000 men, Lee crossed the Potomac With more than 70.000 men, Lee crossed the Potomac and charged across Maryland to Pennsylvania. Hooker’s and charged across Maryland to Pennsylvania. Hooker’s army marched northward to head off the Confederates. army marched northward to head off the Confederates.

On July 1, 1863, the forces of Lee and Meade clashed On July 1, 1863, the forces of Lee and Meade clashed at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, in what was to prove the at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, in what was to prove the most decisive battle of the war.most decisive battle of the war.

Hooker resigned and was then replaced with General Hooker resigned and was then replaced with General George G. Meade.George G. Meade.

The war raged on for 3 whole days, and Lee was The war raged on for 3 whole days, and Lee was determined to hold his ground. The battle proved to be determined to hold his ground. The battle proved to be the turning point of the war, but still the bloody conflict the turning point of the war, but still the bloody conflict was not finished. was not finished.

The Battle of Gettysburg, one of the most critical The Battle of Gettysburg, one of the most critical battles of the war. 7,000 American died in the battles of the war. 7,000 American died in the Gettysburg battle; another 44,000 were Gettysburg battle; another 44,000 were wounded.wounded.

Aftermath of Aftermath of GettysburgGettysburg

Gettysburg was the turning point of war—Lee would never again attack in the North.

Some 23,000 Union and 28,000 Confederate casualties

Victory came the day before the Union capture of Vicksburg.

Britain and France refused to aid South after Gettysburg.

Gettysburg Address:

Lincoln gave a speech called the Gettysburg Address in dedication of the Gettysburg battlefield cemetery.

He praised bravery of Union soldiers and renewed commitment to winning the war.

Sherman’s Sherman’s March AttacksMarch Attacks Lincoln needed victory for Union army to help

him win reelection in 1864. General William Tecumseh Sherman’s

campaign to destroy South’s railroads and industries provided Lincoln his victory.

Sherman’s 100,000 troops marched south from Tennessee in spring of 1864 to capture Atlanta, Georgia, in September, and Savannah in December.

Sherman practiced total war, destroying civilian and economic resources, in the hope of ruining the South’s economy and ending its ability to fight. He hoped this would speed the end of the war.

Sherman’s Sherman’s March March

President President Abraham LincolnAbraham Lincoln   President Abraham Lincoln was born President Abraham Lincoln was born

February 12, 1809.February 12, 1809. Abraham was known to many people as Abraham was known to many people as

“Honest Abe” because he believed in “Honest Abe” because he believed in telling the truth. telling the truth.

Lincoln helped in the start of abolishing Lincoln helped in the start of abolishing slavery from the Emancipation slavery from the Emancipation Proclamation and was greatly known as Proclamation and was greatly known as the 16th president of the United States. the 16th president of the United States.

He also helped to preserve the union and He also helped to preserve the union and played a major role in the Civil War.played a major role in the Civil War.

Abraham Lincoln and Abraham Lincoln and the Civil Warthe Civil War

When Lincoln took office, his main goal was to put When Lincoln took office, his main goal was to put an end to the Civil War.an end to the Civil War.

Although Lincoln opposed slavery and drafted the Although Lincoln opposed slavery and drafted the Emancipation Proclamation, he made it very clear Emancipation Proclamation, he made it very clear that the war was being fought to Preserve the that the war was being fought to Preserve the Union and not to free slaves. Union and not to free slaves.

Lincoln accepted war as the only means to defend Lincoln accepted war as the only means to defend Federal law and the Union.Federal law and the Union.

If he had turned the war into a campaign to free If he had turned the war into a campaign to free slaves, the Union would surely lose the loyalty of slaves, the Union would surely lose the loyalty of the border states. the border states.

Throughout Lincoln’s Presidency, his time was Throughout Lincoln’s Presidency, his time was filling with trying to put an end to the Civil War.filling with trying to put an end to the Civil War.

It began when he took office and ended towards It began when he took office and ended towards the end of his life.the end of his life.

Lincoln’s Lincoln’s AssassinationAssassination

Lincoln’s fallLincoln’s fall

Lincoln was killed by an actor and a spy Lincoln was killed by an actor and a spy name John Wilkes Booth from Maryland on April name John Wilkes Booth from Maryland on April 15, 1865. 15, 1865.

Lincoln was shot while watching a play at Lincoln was shot while watching a play at the Fords Theatre with his wife. the Fords Theatre with his wife.

He was rushed to a doctor and was in a coma for He was rushed to a doctor and was in a coma for nine hours before he finally died. nine hours before he finally died.

Lincoln led our country well and will never be Lincoln led our country well and will never be forgotten for what he has done for America. forgotten for what he has done for America.

We should all remind ourselves of his good deeds We should all remind ourselves of his good deeds everyday when we see his face on the five dollar everyday when we see his face on the five dollar bill and on the penny. He left a mark on bill and on the penny. He left a mark on American history which will never fade! American history which will never fade! 

BibliographyBibliography http://http://

www.historyplace.com/civilwar/indewww.historyplace.com/civilwar/index.htmlx.html

http://http://americancivilwar.comamericancivilwar.com// http://http://www.teacheroz.com/generalUS.htmwww.teacheroz.com/generalUS.htm www.Frontierlibertyfellowship.orgwww.Frontierlibertyfellowship.org

http://http://americanhistory.pppst.comamericanhistory.pppst.com// http://http://www.civilwarphotos.netwww.civilwarphotos.net//