u myint - myanmar exchange rate issue burmese/myanmar’s fiscal performance-burmese

8/4/2019 U Myint - Myanmar Exchange Rate Issue Burmese/Myanmars Fiscal Performance-burmese

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EkdifiHawmf\ pD;yGm;a&;zGHUNzdK;wkd;wufrI twGuf jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;qkdif&mtrsKd;om;tqifhtvkyfkH aqG;aEG;yJG

jrefrmtjynfjynfqkdif&m uGefAif;&Sif; A[kdXme (MICC) aejynfawmf

2011ckESpf Mo*kwfv (19-21)&uf

jrefrmEkdifiH\ &-okH;aiGpm&if;ukd avhvmjcif;(A Study on Myanmars Fiscal Performance)

(jyKpkwifjyol OD;pHodef;)


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jrefrmEkdifiH\ &-okH;aiGpm&if;ukd avhvmjcif;

(A Study on Myanmars Fiscal Performance)

ed'gef;

EkdifiHtpkd;&rsm;onf pD;yGm;a&;t&if;tjrpfrsm; (Economic Resources)ukd pkpnf;jcif; ,if;

t&if;tjrpfrsm;ukd EkdifiHpD;yGm;a&;u@(Economic Sector)toD;oD;wGif jyefvnfcGJa0ay;jcif;jzifh

EkdifiH\pD;yGm;a&;&Sifoefwkd;wufap&ef xdef;ausmif;ay;Muygonf/ odkYpD;yGm;a&;t&if;tjrpfrsm;pkpnf;

jcif;? ,if;wkdYukdjyefvnfcGJa0apjcif;vkyfief;uk d ESpfpOf&-okH;aiGpm&if;qkdif&mOya'a&;qG J jyXmef; pepf

wus aqmif&GufMuygonf/ okdYaqmif&Guf&mwGif EkdifiHtpkd;&rsm;onfhoifhavsmfonf b@ma&;

ay:vpDcsrSwf ESpfpOf&-okH;rSef;ajcaiGpm&if;(Budget)ukd a&;qGJwnfNidrfNyD; zGHUNzdK;wkd;wufrSK&Sdaom

pD;yGm;a&;pepfwpfck xlaxmifEkdif&efBudK;yrf;Muygonf/ &-okH;aiGpm&if;qkdif&m EkdifiHawmf\b@ma&;

ay:vpD(Fiscal Policy)onf pD;yGm;a&;zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrSKtwGuf t"duarmif;ESiftm;wpfckjzpfygonf/

&-okH;aiGpm&if;wGif tcGefb@maiG&&SdrSKESifh ,if;aiGrsm;udk pD;yGm;a&;u@toD;oD; wGifcGJa0okH;pGJrI

wkdYyg0if&m &aiGonfokH;aiGxufrsm;ygu ykdaiGjy&-okH;aiGpm&if;? okH;aiGonf&aiGxufrsm;ygu vkdaiGjy&-

okkH;aiGpm&if;ESifh t&ESifhtokH;nDrQaom tm;rQ&-okH;aiGpm&if;[l (3)rsKd;cGJjcm;Ekdifygonf/ wkdif;jynf\pD;

yGm;a&;t&if;tjrpfrsm;udkpkpnf;jcif;? txda&mufqkH;cGJa0jzefYjzL;jcif;jzifhwkdif;jynf\pD;yGm;a&;wkd;wufrI&ap

&efaqmif&Gufjcif; aMumifh &-okH;aiGpm&if;wGif vkdaiG? ykdaiGjyrSKonf ta&;ygaompD;yGm;a&;qkdif&mtnTef;

udef;wpfck jzpfvmygonf/ txl;ojzifhvkdaiGjyrIuk d wkdif;jynf\"e


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jrefrmEkdifiHwGif EkdifiHawmftpkd;&\ &-okH;rSef;ajcaiGpm&if;ukd ESpfpOf {NyDv 1&ufrS rwfv 31&uf

txdumvtwGuf jyXmef;ygonf/ jrefrmEkdifiH\ ESpfpOf&-okH;rSef;ajcaiGpm&if;ukd a&;qGJNyD; EkdifiHawmf\

b@maiGt&tokH;qkdif&mOya' jyXmef; {NyDv 1&ufaeYrS pwiftusdK;oufa&mufapygonf/ &-okH;rSef;

ajcaiGpm&if;wGif EkdifiHawmf\tkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJUtpnf;rsm; EkdifiHawmf\pD;yGm;a&;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh wyfNrdKU

pnfyifom,ma&;tzGJUrsm;[l cGJjcm;a&;qGJygonf/

1989-1990b@mESpfrSp EkdifiHawmf\pD;yGm;a&;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;onf &aiGrsm;udk EkdifiHawmf\

b@m&efykHaiG(State Fund Account) odkYay;oGif;&NyD; xkwfay;&ef&SdaomokH;aiGrsm;udk ,if;EkdifiHawmf\

b@m&efykHaiGrS xkwf,lokH;pGJ&ygonf/

1992-1993b@mESpfrSp &efukefNrdKUESifh tjcm;NrdKUrsm;\pnfyifom,ma&;aumfrwDrsm;onf

oD;jcm;&-okH;aiGpm&if;rsm;jzifh aqmif&Gufapygonf/ b@ma&;ESpftwGif; aqmif&Guf&efrNyD;jywfao;aom

vkyfief;rsm;twGuf rlvcefUrSef;xm;onfxuf ykdrdkukefus&onfhtokH;p&dwfrsm;ukd aemufxyfb@maiGcGJ

a0rIokH;pGJa&; Oya'jyXmef; aqmif&Gufygonf/

pmwrf;wGif jrefrmEkdifiH\ &-okH;aiGpm&if;ukd 1990-1991b@mESpfrS 2010-2011b@mESpf

txd avhvmwifjyxm;ygonf/ okdYavhvm&mwGif A[kdpm&if;tif;tzGJUrS xkwfjyefaompm&if;rsm;ESifh

EkdifiHawmfjyefwrf;yg &-okH;rSef;ajcaiGpm&if; xkwfjyefcsufrsm;ukdtajccHygonf/

pmwrf;\ yxrykdif; (tykdif; - 1)wGif jrefrmEkdifiH\ &-okH;aiGpm&if;vkdaiGjyemESifh ,if;vkdaiG

jyemay:ayguf&jcif; taMumif;&if;rsm;? 'kwd,ykdif; (tykdif; - 2)wGif ,if;vkdaiGjyemukd ajz&Sif;ykHESifh

ajz&Sif;rIaMumifhay:aygufvmonf h pD;yGm;a&;tusKd;qufrsm;udkazmfjyNyD; wwd,ykdif; (tykdif; - 3)wGif &-

okH;aiGpm&if;qkdif&m tBuHjyKcsufrsm;wifjyxm;ygonf/


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tykdif; - 1

jrefrmEkdifiH\ &-okH;aiGpm&if;vkdaiGjyemESifh ,if;vkdaiGjyemay:ayguf&jcif; taMumif;t&if;rsm;

jrefrmEkdifiHonf zGHUNzdK;qJEkdifiHwpfckjzpfonfhtavsmuf ,if;\&-okH;aiGpm&if;wGif ESpfpOfvkdaiGrsm;

qufwkdufay:aygufcJhygonf/ jzpfay:onfh vkdaiGyrmPonf wpfESpfvQifysrf;rQ GDP\ 5&mckdifESKef;rQ

&Sdygonf/ jrefrmEkdifiH\ &-okH;aiGpm&if;wGif ESpfpOfvkdaiGay:aygufrSKukdGDP\tcsKd;jzifh atmufygZ,m;

wGif azmfjyxm;ygonf/

(Z,m; 1) jrefrmEkdifiH\ &-okH;aiGpm&if;tusOf;csKyf (GDP \ &mckdifESKef;)1980-81 1985-86 1990-91 1994-95 1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00

Receipts 26,752.8 33,348.0 48,760.1 106,229.3 128,576.5 164,295.4 274,500.0 361,859.5 423,873.3

Expenditures 28,704.6 36,292.1 59,964.1 135,876.5 167,396.0 216,034.8 331,741.1 453,735.0 533,598.3

Balance -1,951.8 -2,944.1 -11,204.0 -29,647.2 -38,819.5 -51,739.4 -57,241.1 -91,875.5 -109,725.0

(% of GDP) -5.1 -5.3 -7.4 -6.3 -6.4 -6.5 -5.1 -5.7 -5.0

Source: CSOs Statistical Year Books

tm&SzGHUNzdK;a&;bPfrS&&Sdaomudef;*Pef;rsm;ukd avhvmMunfhygutmqD,H(10)EkdifiHwGif jrefrmEkdifiHH

enf;wl urm'D;,m;? vmtkd? rav;&Sm;ESifh AD,uferfEkdifiHrsm;wGif vk daiGrsm; qufwkduf ay:aygufMuNyD;

oufqkdif&mEkdifiH\ GDP 4-5&mckdifESKef;0ef;usif wGif&Sdygonf/ vGefcJhonf (6)ESpfwmudef;*Pef;rsm;t&

blEkdif;EkdifiHonf ykdaiGrsm;ay:aygufNyD;? tif'kdeD;&Sm;ESifh pumFyl wkdYonf tm;rQajctaetxm;wGif

&Sdaeygonf/ zDvdykdifESifh xkdif;EkdifiHwkdY\ vkdaiGrSm 2.1&mckdifESKef;ESifh 1.3&mckdifESKef; toD;oD;&Sdonfukd

awGU&ygonf/

(Z,m; 2) tmqD,HEkdifiHrsm;\ &-okH;aiGpm&if;vufusef (GDP\ &mckdifESKef;)Country 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Average

Brunei 20.8 19.0 22.5 26.5 -1.7 17.4

Cambodia -2.5 -2.7 -2.9 -2.8 -6.4 -6.0 -3.9

Indonesia -0.5 -0.9 -1.3 -0.1 -1.6 -0.6 -0.8

Laos -6.9 -5.6 -5.5 -5.0 -6.3 -5.0 -5.7

Malaysia -3.6 -3.3 -3.2 -4.8 -7.0 -5.6 -4.6

Myanmar -3.3 -4.3 -3.8 -2.4 -5.4 -5.7 -4.2Philippines -2.7 -1.1 -0.2 -0.9 -3.9 -3.7 -2.1

Singapore 0.7 0.0 2.9 0.1 -0.3 -0.1 0.6

Thailand 0.2 0.1 -1.1 -0.3 -4.8 -2.1 -1.3

Vietnam -3.6 -1.2 -4.6 -3.1 -10.6 -8.0 -5.2

Source: ADB, Asian Development Outlook 2011


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(u) EkdifiHawmfb@maiGrsm;pkpnf;jcif; (Accumulation of Funds)

&-okH;aiGpm&if;wGif vkdaiGrsm;avsmhenf;yaysmufap&ef twGufEkdifiHawmftaejzifh tcGeftaumuf

&aiGrsm; ykdrkdwkd;wufatmifaqmif&Gufjcif;? EkdifiHawmf\pD;yGm;a&;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;rS &aiGrsm; ykdrdk&&Sdatmif

aqmif&Gufjcif;wkd U tpOfwpfpkdufBudK;yrf;cJhygonf/ jrefrmEkdifiH\ &-okH;aiGpm&if;wGif vkdaiGay:ayguf

&jcif;rS m &aiGxufokH;aiGrsm; ESpfpOfykdrkdaejcif;aMumihf jzpfygonf/ &aiGtykdif;wGif ta&;ygaomEkdifiHawmf

b@maiG&&Sd&m t&if;tjrpfrsm;rSm

(1) tcGeftaumuf (Taxes and Duties)&aiGrsm;

(2) EkdifiHykdif pD;yGm;a&;tzGJUtpnf;rsm; (SEEs)rS&aiGrsm;ESifh

(3) EkdifiHjcm;tpkd;&ESifh EkdifiHjcm;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;rS axmufyHaiGrsm;jzpfygonf/

(1) tcGeftaumuf(Taxes and Duties)&aiGrsm;

tcGefb@maiG&&S d&m t&if;tjrpfrsm;jzpfaom tcGeftaumuf&aiG(Tax revenue)ESifh tcGeft

aumufr[kwfaom&aiG(Non-tax revenue)[l (2)rsKd; cGJjcm;Ekdifygonf/ jrefrmEkdifiH\ tcGeftaumuf

rS &aiGxJwGif 0ifaiGcGef? tjrwfcGef? ukefoG,fvkyfief;cGef? ajr,may:wGufaumufcHonftcGef? opfawm

rsm;rSypnf;rsm; xkwf,lonfhtwGuf aumufcHonftcGef? tif;tkdiftcGef? taumufcGef? ,pfrsKd;cGef?

oGif;ukeftwGuf vkdifpifcrsm;? o,f,lykdYaqmifa&;tcGefESifh wHqdyfacgif;a&mif;&aiGrsm;yg0if ygonf/

tcGeftaumufr[kwfaom(Non-tax revenue) wGifEkdifiHawmfpD;yGm;a&;tzGJUtpnf;rsm; (SEEs)rS

&aiGrsm;? atmifbmavodef;qkrS&aiGESifh tjcm;tpkd;&tzGJUtpnf;rsm;rS&aiGrsm;yg0ifygonf/

jrefEkdifiHwGif aumufcHonf hta&;ygaom tcGeftrsKd;tpm;rsm;wGif 0ifaiGcGef? tjrwfcGef? ukefoG,f

vkyfief;cGef? ,pfrsKd;cGef? taumufcGefESifh EkdifiHykdifypnf;tokH;jyKonfhtay: aumufcHonfh tcGefrsm;yg0ifyg

onf/ vGefcJhonf 5ESpfwmumv (2005-2006 rS 2009-2010)wGif tcGeftaumuf oufoufrS&onf

0ifaiGrSmwpfESpfvQifysOf;rQusyf 569bDvD,H&Sd GDP\ 3&mckdifESKef;rQ&Sdygonf/ 2005-2006b@mESpf

rS2009-2010b@mESpftwGif; tcGefaumufcH&&SdrSKukd aemufqufwGJZ,m;(1)wGif azmfjyxm;ygonf/


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2005-2006b@mESpf rS2009-2010b@mESpftwGif; aumufcH&&Sdaom tcGefrsm;wGif ukefoG,f

vkyfief;cGefrSmtrsm;qkH;jzpf 0ifaiGcGefESifh tjrwfcGefwkdYrSm 'kwd,ESifh wwd,trsm;qkH;jzpfonfukd atmuf

ygykHwGifazmfjyxm;ygonf/

Taxes and Duties (2005/06-2009/10 average)

Income tax,

33.22%

Prof it tax, 12.46%

Commercial tax ,

45.48%

Taxes on state

property use,

1.39%

Custom duties,

3.34%

Excise duties,

0.83%

Other, 3.28%

Source: Myanmar Gazette

(2) EkdifiHykdifpD;yGm;a&;tzGJUtpnf;rsm; (SEEs)

b@maiGpkpnf;rIwGif EkdifiHykdifpD;yGm;a&;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;\ tcef;u@onfta&;ygygonf/ tjrwf

tpGef;&&Sdaom pD;yGm;a&;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;rS tjrwfaiG\30&mckdifESKef;ukd 0ifaiGcGeftjzpf EkdifiHawmfodkYY ay;

aqmiff&NyD; usef70&mckdifESKef;ukd EkdifiHawmfb@m&efykHaiGokdYxnfh0ifay;&ygonf/ EkdifiHykdiftzGJUtpnf;trsm;

tjym;\ tIH;rsm;udkEkdifiHawmf&-okH;rSef;ajcaiGpm&if;rS uscHae&ygonf/ EkdifiHykdifpD;yGm;a&;tzGJUtpnf;tcsdKU

onf tjrwfay:aomfvnf; tcsdKYUrS m tIH;ay:ygonf/ EkdifiHykdifpD;yG m;a&; tzGJUtpnf;wpf&yfvkH;taejzifh

vkdaiGrsm;qufwkduf ay:aygufvsuf&Sd&m ,if;vkdaiGrsm;udkGDP\tcsKd;jzifh atmufygykHwGif azmfjyxm;yg

onf/


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SEE's Deficits in percent of GDP

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1990

-91

1994

-95

1995

-96

1996

-97

1997

-98

1998

-99

1999

-00

2000

-01

2001

-02

2002

-03

2003

-04

2004

-05

2005

-06

200-6-07

2007

-08

2008

-09

2009

-10

Year

%o

fGDP

xl;jcm;csufrSm 2000jynfhESpfaemufykdif;wGif EkdifiHykdifpD;yGm;a&;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;\ tlH;rsm;usqif;vm

onfukdawGU&ygonf/ okdYjzpfvm&jcif;rSm yk*vduykdifjyKvkyfjcif;ESifh pD;yGm;a&;qefqef aqmif&Gufjcif;wkdY

aMumifh[k,lq&ygonf/

(3) EkdifiHjcm;tpdk;&ESifh EkdifiHjcm;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;rS axmufyHaiGrsm;

EkdifiHjcm;tpkd;&ESifh EkdifiHjcm;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;rS axmufyHaiGrsm;onf tcGef0ifaiGpkpkaygif;\ 0.01&mckdifESKef;om&Sdygonf/ EkdifiHjcm;rS&onfhaxmufyHaiGrsm; enf;onftjyif wpfa':vm 6usyf0ef;usif&Sd

aom w&m;0ifaiGvJvS,fESKef;jzifhwGufcsuf azmfjyonfhtwGuf ykdyifenf;oGm;ygonf/

tm&SzGHUNzdK;a&;bPfrS &&Sdaompm&if;rsm;t& jrefrmEkdifiH\ tcGefb@maiG&&SdrIyrmPonf

GDP\ 6&mckdifESKef;ESifh 7&mckdifESKef;0ef;usifwGif&SdNyD; tjcm;tzGJU0ifEkdifiH rsm;xuf avsmhenf;onfukd

awGU&ygonf/ blEkdif;EkdifiH? AD,uferfEkdifiHESifh rav;&Sm;EkdifiHwkd U\ tcGefb@m&aiGonf tjrifhqkH;jzpfusefEkdifiHrsm;onf GDP\ 15&mckdifESKef;0ef;usifwGif&Sdygonf/ atmufygZ,m;wGif tmqD,HtzGJU0if

(10)EkdifiH\ tcGefb@m&&SdaiGrsm;udk 4if;wkdUtoD;oD;\ GDP\&mckdifESKef;jzifh azmfjyxm;ygonf/


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(Z,m; 4) tmqD,HtzGJU0ifEkdifiHrsm;\ tcGefb@m&&SdrI (GDP\ &mckdifESKef;)Country 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2009 Average

Brunei 53.2 50.4 55.1 55.8 40.6 51.0

Cambodia 10.3 11.5 11.9 13.3 11.9 12.7 11.9

Indonesia 17.9 19.1 17.9 19.8 15.1 15.8 17.6

Laos 12.1 12.5 13.6 14.4 14.9 15.7 13.9

Malaysia 20.3 21.5 21.8 21.6 23.3 21.2 21.6

Myanmar 6.7 7.7 7.3 7.3 6.1 6.7 7.0

Philippines 15.0 16.2 17.1 16.2 14.6 14.2 15.6

Singapore 15.3 14.5 16.0 17.0 17.5 17.6 16.3

Thailand 17.7 17.4 17.2 16.9 16.0 16.9 17.0

Vietnam 28.4 29.7 29.4 29.3 26.7 26.7 28.4


(c) &efykHaiG cGJa0okH;pGJjcif; (Allocation of Funds)tpkd;&wpf&yf\ &-okH;aiGpm&if;qkdif&may:vpDukd 4if;\&efykHaiGcGJa0okH;pGJjcif;(Allocation of

Funds)wGif awGUjrifEkdifygonf/ jrefrmEkdifiHtpk d;&\ b@maiGcGJa0okH;pGJonf tpDtpOfwGif EkdifiHawmf\

umuG,fa&;ESifh vkHNcHKa&;uk d yxrOD;pm;ay;xm;NyD; 'kwd,OD;pmay;tjzpf vrf;yef;qufoG,fa&;ESifh wnf

aqmufa&;vkyfief;rsm;ukd awGUjrifEkdifygonf/ ynma&;? usef;rma&;ESifh opfawm om;igu@tygt0if

v,f,mu@ukd wwd,OD;pm;ay;vkyfief;rsm;tjzpf &efykHaiGrsm;cGJa0ay;xm;ygonf/ jrefrmEkdifiHtpkd;&\

b@maiGcGJa0okH;pGJrIukd (aemufqufwGJZ,m; 2)wGifazmfjyxm;ygonf/vGefcJhonf (5)ESpfwmumv (2005-2006 rS 2009-2010txd)twGif; pD;yGm;a&;u@

toD;oD;ukd wm0ef,laqmif&Gufvsuf&Sdaom 0efBuD;XmetoD;oD;odk Y b@maiGcG Ja0rSK pm&if;ukd atmufyg

Z,m;wGifazmfjyxm;ygonf/ ,if;pm&if;rsm;t& 5ESpfwmumvtwGif; EkdifiHawmfumuG,fa&;twGuf

GDP\ (1.64&mckdifESKef;)? v,f,mqnfajrmif;? opfawmESifh om;ig;u@twGuf GDP\

(0.70&mckdifESKef;)? aqmufvkyfa&;u@twGuf GDP\ (0.55&mckdifESKef;)? ynma&;u@twGuf

GDP\ (0.67&mckdifESKef;)ESifh usef;rma&;u@twGuf GDP\ (0.19&mckdifESKef;) toD;oD;cGJa0ay;xm;onfukd awGU&ygonf/


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(Z,m; 5) &efykHaiG cGJa0okH;pGJjcif; (GDP\ &mckdifESKef;)

Ministry 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10Average 5

years

Defense 1.40 2.00 1.50 1.20 2.00 1.64

Forestry, A & I, Fisheries 0.82 0.82 0.67 0.76 0.54 0.70

Education 0.45 0.92 0.73 0.60 0.62 0.67

Health 0.17 0.26 0.19 0.16 0.17 0.19

Construction 0.96 0.74 0.44 0.38 0.41 0.55

Science & Technology 0.12 0.17 0.18 0.10 0.08 0.12

Transport & Communication 0.79 0.27 0.19 0.11 0.14 0.23


tm&SzGHUNzdK;a&;bPfrS &&Sdaomudef;*Pef;rsm;t& tmqD,H(10)EkdifiHwGif jrefrmEkdifiH\ tokH;p&dwfukdGDPtcsdK;jzifh atmufygZ,m;wGif azmfjyxm;ygonf/

(Z,m; 6) tmqD,HtzGJU0ifEkdifiHrsm;\ b@maiGokH;pGJrI (GDP \ &mckdifESKef;)Country 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Average

Brunei 32.4 31.4 32.6 29.3 42.3 na 33.6

Cambodia 12.8 14.2 14.7 16.1 18.3 18.6 15.8

Indonesia 18.4 20.0 19.2 19.9 16.7 16.4 18.4

Laos 19.0 18.0 19.1 19.4 21.1 20.7 19.6

Malaysia 23.9 24.8 25.0 26.4 30.3 26.8 26.2

Myanmar 10.0 11.9 11.1 9.6 11.5 12.4 11.1

Philippines 17.7 17.3 17.3 17.2 18.5 17.9 17.7

Singapore 14.6 14.5 13.1 16.9 17.8 17.6 15.8

Thailand 17.6 17.6 18.3 17.3 20.4 17.3 18.1

Vietnam 32.1 30.9 34.0 32.4 37.3 34.7 33.6


,if;Z,m;t& jrefrmEkdifiH\ tokH;p&dwfrS m tenf;qkH;jzpfaeygonf/ A[kdtpkd;&tokH;p&dwfESifh

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onf EkdifiHwpfumrS ulnDyHYykd;rSKtm;enf;jcif;ESifh jynfwGif;yk*vdu@zGHUNzdK;wkd;wuf&ef t&Sdef,l&jcif;wkdUaMumifh EkdifiH\zGHUNzdK;wkd;wufrSKwGif tpkd;&\tcef;u@rSm qufvuf ta&;ygaeygrnf/


19/23

10

tykdif; - 2

&-okH;aiGpm&if; vkdaiGjznfhqnf;jcif; (Mode of Financing the Deficit)

&-okH;aiGpm&if;\ vkdaiGudkjznfhqnf;&mwGif t"duenf;vrf; (3)oG,fESifh aqmif&GufEkdifygonf/

(1) jynfolvlxkodkY tpkd;&aiGacs;pmcsKyf(Treasury Bonds)rsm;a&mif;csjcif; (Domestic

Financing)

(2) jynfyrS aiGacs;,ljcif; (External Financing)

(3) A[kdbPfrS aiGacs;jcif; (Central Bank Financing)

tcsuf(3)csufukd twGJtzufjyKvkyf vkdaiGrsm;udk jznfhqnf;ay;Ekdifygonf/ ,if;vdkaiG

jznfhqnf;rIenf;vrf;rsm;xJrS m wpfenf;wnf;ukdom tm;ukd;tokH;jyKjcif;jzifh a&&SnfwGifqkd;usKd;rsm; ay:

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trif;tm;ukd;ygu tpdk;&taejzif h jynfwGif;a


20/23

11

(Z,m; 7) pm;okH;olaps;qESKef; (ESpfpOfwkd;wufrSK)

FY CPI (annual growth rate)

1999/00 15.662000/01 -1.72

2001/02 34.50

2002/03 58.11

2003/04 24.94

2004/05 3.77

2005/06 10.74

2006/07 26.33

2007/08 32.93

2008/09 22.50Source: CSO's Monthly Economic Indicators

tykdif; - 3

tMuHjyKwifjycsufrsm;

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ukdavQmhcs EIdif;csifharQmfac:onfhb@ma&;ay:vpD(Prudent Fiscal Policy)xlaxmif&ef jzpfygonf/

,if;okdYaqmif&Guf&mwGif ESpfpOfay:aygufvsuf&Sdaom aemufxyfb@maiGcGJa0okH;pGJrIudk pDppfoifhygonf/

(c) &aiGtykdif;rS m t"dutcGeftaumufrS &aiGrsm;wkd;wuf&&Sdatmif aqmif&Gufoifhygonf/

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1/ tcGefwdrf;a&Smifjcif;

2/ tcGefavQmhaygh&efBudK;yrf;jcif;

3/ tcGefaumufcHonhfpepfwGif xifomjrifomrIr&Sdjcif;


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4/ tcGefESKef;trsKd;rsKd;jzifh IyfaxG;rSK&Sdjcif;

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BuD;MuyfuGyfuJrI(Tax Administration)wkdYukd jynfvnfokH;oyfNyD; taumif;qkH;jzpfatmif pDpOfoifh

ygonf/

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(C) EdkifiHawmf\ &-okH;aiGpm&if;wGif yg0ifonf h EkdifiHjcm;aiG t&-tokH;pm&if;ykdif;wGif EkdifiHjcm;aiG

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ykdifpD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;tm; yk*vduykdifjyKvkyfjcif;jzifh 4if;wkdYtwGuf b@maiGpkdufxkwfukefus&rI avQmh

enf;oGm;ygrnf/

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onf/

(q) jynfolvlxktaejzifh aiGwkdufpmcsKyf(Bonds)? aiGacs;vufrSwfrsm;(Debentures) ponfhrsm;udk

vG,fvifhwul 0,f,l&if;ESD;Ekdif&eftwGuf t&if;tESD;aps;uGuf(Capital Market) wpfckxlaxmif aqmif

&Gufoifhygonf/


22/23

13

2005-2006 rS 2009-2010 txd tcGefaumufcH&&SdrI (aemufqufwGJZ,m; - 1)

Particular2005-2006

2006-2007

2007-2008

2008-2009

2009-2010

Average% ofthetotal

Total revenue and grants 434,106 949,937 1,031,280 1,592,536 1,873,952 1,176,362 100.00

Taxes and duties 214,879 424,609 529,645 739,542 935,666 568,868 48.35Taxes on Income 97,471 170,608 235,598 361,000 434,667 259,869 45.68

Income tax 74,281 117,902 155,332 261,000 336,326 188,968 33.22

Profit tax 23,190 52,706 80,266 100,000 98,341 70,901 12.46

Commercial tax 94,000 217,701 250,513 320,000 411,333 258,709 45.48

Taxes on state property use 4,188 5,142 7,831 10,147 12,297 7,921 1.39

Land tax 86 92 94 98 103 95 0.01

Water and embankment tax 26 26 27 2,329 4,371 1,356 0.24Taxes on extraction of forest

produce 1,600 2,406 4,290 3,897 3,897 3,218 0.56Taxes on extraction of mineral

produce 16 18 20 23 26 21 0.00

Taxes on fisheries 2,460 2,600 3,400 3,800 3,900 3,232 0.57

Taxes on rubber ... ... .

Custom duties 5,000 13,000 15,000 22,000 40,000 19,000 3.34

Excise duties 3,600 4,633 4,744 5,189 5,499 4,733 0.83

Other 10,620 13,525 15,959 21,206 31,870 18,636 3.28

Import license fees 400 400 450 585 635 494 0.08

State Lottery 6,050 7,100 8,771 12,800 15,500 10,044 1.77

Motor vehicle tax 1,130 1,225 1,620 1,621 2,235 1,566 0.28

Stamp duty 3,040 4,800 5,118 6,200 13,500 6,532 1.15

Transfers from SEEs 219,000 525,177 501,479 852,860 938,124 607,328 51.63Foreign grants(valued at official ex.rate) 227 151 156 134 161 166 0.01



23/23

14

jrefrmEkdifiHtpkd;&\ b@maiGcGJa0okH;pGJrI (aemufqufwGJZ,m; - 2)

Sr.No.

Ministry 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10Average 5

years

1 Foreign Affairs 579 1,112 1,395 1,456 1,551 1,219

2 Defense 170,345 331,448 356,416 364,121 672,888 379,0443 Progress of Border Areas &

National Races & DevelopmentAffairs 17,875 21,316 34,390 20,935 30,087 24,921

4 Home Affairs 18,965 47,456 48,484 54,435 64,105 46,689

5 Immigration & Population 1,413 4,238 5,544 5,590 5,642 4,485

6 Religious Affairs 1,686 2,485 2,821 2,930 3,309 2,646

7Social welfare, Relief &Resettlement 2,405 3,986 5,816 48,487 15,486 15,236

8 Information 3,168 12,052 11,503 11,319 12,768 10,162

9 Culture 2,745 3,586 4,284 3,149 4,374 3,628

10 Education 56,135 155,573 170,888 176,788 210,222 153,92111 Health 21,001 44,658 44,512 47,188 57,116 42,895

12 Sports 2,015 2,917 3,690 3,839 5,477 3,588

13 Labour 421 925 1,098 1,211 1,368 1,005

14 Forestry 5,647 11,154 14,433 15,259 19,380 13,175

15 Agriculture & Irrigation 92,564 119,937 137,139 203,630 158,633 142,381

16 Livestock Breeding & Fisheries 2,857 5,531 5,953 5,341 7,479 5,432

17 Mines 804 1,672 1,360 1,304 1,788 1,386

18 Industry No. (1) 366 986 1,046 1,141 1,054 919

19 Industry No. (2) 191 405 580 502 479 431

20 Science & Technology 15,040 28,532 42,582 28,995 25,646 28,159

21 Energy 66 158 193 193 181 158

22 Electric Power (1) & (2) 49,573 88,782 107,730 141,540 108,174 99,16023 Construction 117,900 124,269 102,910 111,791 138,301 119,034

24 Transport 97,011 44,542 42,573 29,332 44,552 51,602

25 Rail Transportation 1,013 2,030 2,485 2,517 3,522 2,313

26Communications, posts &Telegraphs 57 118 172 322 194 173

27 Commerce 741 1,176 1,753 1,782 1,990 1,488

28 Hotels & Tourism 115 268 273 234 249 228

29 Co-operative 1,633 4,666 4,652 4,753 4,664 4,07430 National Planning and

Economic Development 2,747 5,705 7,100 7,450 10,315 6,663

31 Finance & Revenue 2,509 6,244 21,328 22,965 16,034 13,816


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