UNIT #1THE AGE OF EXPLORATION

Ms. Blank

Global Studies

Social Studies Department

iMater Academy

KEY TOPICS: Native American Culture before Europe took their stuff

A “new” New World

The West African Connection (yes this matters)

Europe—right before they trashed the place

The European Concept of the New World

The French (in so far as they mattered)

The English (they were pretty important)

Roanoke—the colony that thought it could, but couldn’t

Specific details about Native American tribes

NATIVE AMERICAN CULTURE BEFORE EUROPE TOOK THEIR STUFF

Economies were agrarian; Operated on barter system

Aztecs dominated Mexico & most of Central America

Languages varied EX: Spanish, English

Dialects varied EX: Spanish in Spain vs. Spanish in Mexico

Cultures & identities varied Many, not all, cultures had “gender reciprocity”

A “NEW” NEW WORLD

What they wanted = peaceful trade

What they got = small pox

European settlers took their land and eradicated as many native cultures as possible to make room for colonies

Columbian Exchange Europe got way more out of the Columbian Exchange

then they did

COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE

COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE

Gold Silver Potatoes Beans Vanilla Chocolate Tobacco Cotton Syphilis

Wheat Sugar Rice Coffee Horses Cows Pigs Small pox & influenza Measles & typhus Bubonic plague &

diphtheria Scarlet fever

What Europe Got: What the Natives Got:

THE WEST AFRICAN CONNECTION (YES THIS MATTERS)

Triangular trade This becomes really important in our unit on Colonization More on this later

Thousands of slaves brought over to work on plantations

1650 -1831: more slaves than Europeans came to new world

Europeans bought the slaves, but Africans sold their own people into slavery Usually captives of rival tribes

EUROPE—RIGHT BEFORE THEY TRASHED THE PLACE: Renaissance

Printing press (kind of a big deal---BFD)

Centralization of political authority—development of modern nation-state Nobles used to control the place, then strong Kings

(New Monarchs) took over control

Spain + England = Not friends

THE EUROPEAN CONCEPT OF THE NEW WORLD

16th century known as the “Spanish Century”

Conquistadores (you need to know about these guys) Motto: God, Glory, & Gold Real motto: Gold, Gold, Glory, maybe a little God to

keep up appearances

Encomienda System (this too)

Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) Kept Spain and Portugal out of war

THE EUROPEAN CONCEPT OF THE NEW WORLD

Hernan Cortes Conquistador poster boy Not a very nice guy Spanish, Catholic, greedy, ambitious Took out Aztec leader (they had pretty much taken out

everyone else)

Catholic vs. Protestant (AKA: Oil & Water) England = Protestant Spain = Catholic

THE FRENCH (IN SO FAR AS THEY MATTERED)

This is why people in Canada speak French; the French got Canada in the Colonial Wars

French Govt. = bad to the colonies

Hindered economic growth with too much control

Would cause problems for them later (not our problem)

THE ENGLISH (THEY WERE PRETTY IMPORTANT)

Protestant Reformation

Calvinism will play HUGE role in development of colonies

Yay Elizabeth I!!! Female queen who was not a head case (unlike her sister, who was absolutely NUTS)

United England under 1 protestant banner—made colonization later more successful

ROANOKE—THE COLONY THAT THOUGHT IT COULD, BUT COULDN’T

There were actually 2 Roanoke colonies

1st: 1584 Colonists never got the supplies they expected

… so the said “peace-out!” & went back to England

2nd: 1587 England fought with Spain from 1587 – 1590 No ships went to Roanoke When people finally made it to Roanoke … no

more colonists No one knows what happened to them

KEY TERMS TO REMEMBER:

Aztecs Columbian Exchange Renaissance Conquistadores Encomienda System Treaty of Tordesillas Protestant Reformation Elizabeth I Roanoke

NATIVE PEOPLES OF NORTH AMERICA

NOTE: The information about American Indians in this power point is not comprehensive! Students will receive more information about these tribes

in class

GENERAL FACTS:

Lived in culture groups

Culture groups Shared same way of life Lived in same region

6 different regions

Regions had a variety of natural resources

GENERAL FACTS, HOMES:

Some tribes created permanent settlements & cities

Some tribes were nomadic Different materials & methods used to construct

homes Deserts = clay & stone Plains = buffalo skins Forests = wood

NORTHEAST & SOUTHEAST WOODLANDS:

Farmed, hunted, & fished for food

Had forests, lakes, rivers, oceans, good climate

Tribes Iroquois Cherokee Mound Builders

PLAINS:

Hunted buffalo and gathered for food

Used every part of the animal

Tribes Dakota Cheyenne Sioux Comanche

SOUTHWEST:

Farmed on top of mesas (flat, arable land on top of a small mountain or large hill)

Lots of clay … many were clay artisans

Tribes Anasazi Hopi

CALIFORNIA INTERMOUNTAIN:

Gathered various plants and roots for food

Used the tall grass for basket weaving

Tribes Pomos Kato Wintun

NORTHWEST COAST:

Close to oceans, fished for food

Hunted in nearby forests

Created totem poles out of wood to teach family history

Tribes Hupa Coast Salish Haida

QUESTIONS ….

FEEL FREE TO RESEARCH ON YOUR OWN OR ASK IN CLASS!