u niversal c ell p hone s ound a mplifier. day 1 introduction to sound and the universal cell phone...

U NIVERSAL C ELL P HONE S OUND A MPLIFIER

DAY 1 Introduction to Sound and the Universal Cell Phone Sound Amplifier Design Challenge

O VERVIEW /G OALS Pre-Test Discussion of Pre-Test Tuning Fork Inquiry Design Challenge Overview Homework: Design Challenge Questions

P RE -T EST Set timer for 15 minutes: http://www.online-stopwatch.com/eggtimer-countdown/full-screen/

P RE -T EST D ISCUSSION 1. What information was familiar to you on the Pre-Test? 2. What information was completely unknown to you on the Pre-Test? 3. What interests you about this unit?

T UNING F ORK I NQUIRY How does the medium a sound travels through affect how the sound behaves? http://kevinsheehanphysics-sheehanphysics.blogspot.com/

U NIVERSAL C ELL P HONE S OUND A MPLIFIER Design Challenge

pineApple Inc. This company works directly with the Disaster Relief Association (DRA) to assist with community revival throughout the United States. Your job is to help them assist others after the recent U.S. catastrophe. DRA needs to make important announcements to the affected people and needs an easy way to amplify these messages. This is where you come in

D ESIGN C HALLENGE O VERVIEW The sound amplification team from pineApple Inc. has hired your team to design a portable, energy-free, universal sound amplification device. This device can be used in place of any battery-powered or electrical speaker system. Consider the best materials and geometric structural design to produce the loudest and highest quality sound as possible. In order to properly complete the design challenge, teams will need to first research the history of sound amplifiers, understand the behavior of sound waves with respect to various materials, and explore the differences between geometric solids. Each team will choose a design using a decision analysis matrix, create a detailed sketch of the final design, and build the prototype. Your team will evaluate the devices ability to amplify sound with all constraints in consideration. Each team will prepare a commercial or brochure to promote the design and justify the decision making process.

HOMEWORK D ESIGN C HALLENGE Q UESTIONS Directions: Carefully reread the design challenge overview. Create 5 questions you have about the challenge and record them below. http://ncfp.wordpress.com/2013/03/11/has-the-forest- service-done-its-homework/

DAY 2 Team Code of Conduct & Exploration of Roles and Sound Wave Characteristics

O VERVIEW /G OALS All About Sound History and Types of Loudspeakers Code of Conduct and Team Roles

A LL A BOUT S OUND http://www.linux-mag.com/id/8253/

V IDEO C LIP : T RANSMISSION OF S OUND WAVES Sound travels in compressional waves and is produced by vibrations. This video will show how sound can travel through various materials, as well as some of the characteristics of sound waves. Answer the Pre-Viewing Questions Pay close attention and complete the Video Guide Please be prepared to share your answers when the video clip is over! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GkNJvZINSEY

L EARNING THE L INGO Sphere Compressional Waves Mechanical Waves Medium Reflection Interference Diffraction Refraction Cylinder Sound Waves Volume Pyramid Cone Amplification It is important you can speak the MATH and SCIENCE language. Use the word bank to complete the vocabulary sentences. Each term is used once. It's okay to guess!

L EARNING THE L INGO 1.Sound Waves: a compressional wave that propagates sound 2.Mechanical Waves: waves that can travel only through matter 3.Medium: the matter that sound waves travel through, can be a solid, liquid, gas, or combination of the two 4.Compressional Waves: matter in the medium moves back and forth along the same direction that the wave travels 5.Reflection: a wave behavior that results when a wave strikes a surface and bounces off 6.Refraction: a wave behavior that results when a wave bends and changes in speed as it moves from one medium into another 7.Diffraction: a wave behavior that results when an object causes a wave to change direction and bend around it Check your answers and make any corrections you need!

L EARNING THE L INGO 8. Interference: results when two or more waves overlap and combine to form a new wave 9. Amplification: a measure of loudness or sound intensity 10. Volume: the number of non-overlapping unit cubes of a given size that will exactly fill the interior of a three-dimensional figure 11. Cylinder: a three-dimensional figure with two parallel congruent circular bases and a curved lateral surface that connects the bases 12. Pyramid: a polyhedron formed by a polygonal base and triangular lateral faces that meet at a common vertex 13. Cone: a three-dimensional figure with a circular base and a curved lateral surface that connects the base to a point called the vertex 14. Sphere: the set of points in space that are a fixed distance from a given point called the center of the sphere Check your answers and make any corrections you need!

Sound waves are mechanical waves. o Mechanical waves require a medium. o Sound waves cannot travel in a vacuum. Sound waves travel outwards equally in all directions. S OUND W AVE C HARACTERISTICS http://lasermom.wordpress.com/2012/01/08/crying/ http://www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/sound/u11l1a.cfm

S OUND W AVE C HARACTERISTICS Compression: the dense region of a wave; particles are pushed together Rarefaction: the spread apart region of a wave; particles are spread apart Wavelength: distance from compression to compression, or rarefaction to rarefaction https://intranet.rave.ac.uk/display/FComm/Acoustics

Vibrations produced from a source carry energy. This energy causes air particles to compress outward from the source. When the waves reach our ears, we can hear the sounds produced. S OUND W AVE C HARACTERISTICS Amplitude: measures the amount of energy carried by a sound wave Amplification: a measure of loudness or sound intensity http://www.passmyexams.co.uk/GCSE/physics/basic-waves-theory.html http://www.pimall.com/nais/e.sound.html

Dense compressions Clear rarefactions Example: Yelling Spaced out compressions Unclear rarefactions Example: Whispering http://specialedpost.com/2013/05/27/why-adhd-rates-vary-from-country-to- country/shouting/ http://jameystegmaier.com/2012/01/best-of-the-blog-2011/whispering-2/ HIGH AMPLITUDELOW AMPLITUDE S OUND W AVE C HARACTERISTICS

occurs when a wave strikes a surface and bounces off occurs when a wave bends from one material into another and changes speed REFLECTIONREFRACTION W AVE B EHAVIORS http://openclipart.org/tags/sound?page=6 http://hendrix2.uoregon.edu/~imamura/102/section4/chapter20.html

occurs when a wave changes direction to bend around a barrier occurs when two or more waves combine and form a new wave DIFFRACTIONINTERFERENCE W AVE B EHAVIORS http://physicshelp.co.uk/diffraction.php http://library.thinkquest.org/19537/Physics5.html

H ISTORY AND T YPES OF L OUDSPEAKERS http://www.edisontechcenter.org/speakers.html (Scroll down the page to show video clip: First Hornless Loudspeaker: 1921 Prototype)

C ODE OF C ONDUCT AND T EAM R OLES All team members must contribute and cooperate with one another in order to successfully complete your design challenge. You will each choose a team role with designated responsibilities. Your team will create a code of conduct to help you stay on track.

C ODE OF C ONDUCT AND T EAM R OLES Communication Representative: Leads conversation and keeps team on task Recording Specialist: Records notes and keeps data information for the team. Construction Manager: In charge of making sure all of the materials are provided and brought in to class on designated day and keeps team on building schedule. Design Manager: The matrix organizer leader and during the building process they will be in charge Decide among your team members who will assume each of the above roles. List your names on the handout provided. Using the suggested words, compose your team Code of Conduct, determine a team consequence should someone step out, and have all group members sign their John Hancock at the bottom!

DAY 3 In-Class Museum - Volume of Solids & Further Explanation of Design Challenge

O VERVIEW /G OALS In-Class Museum - Volume of Solids Review of Sound Waves Activity Quick Review of Design Challenge Homework: In-Class Museum Follow-up

I N -C LASS M USEUM - V OLUME OF S OLIDS You will rotate the stations of this museum with your team members Each person fills out their own paper Use one person's phone to look up the correct formulas Show your work or explain how you arrived at each answer

R EVIEW OF S OUND W AVES Five minutes: See how many you can fill in! Do not guess answers. Okay, five more minutes: You may now use your resources to locate and fill in the answers.

Q UICK R EVIEW OF D ESIGN C HALLENGE All of your design challenge questions have been compiled. Lets consider what you have learned since then and clarify the design challenge expectations. Here are the TOP 5 sought after questions AND answers!

Q UICK R EVIEW OF D ESIGN C HALLENGE QUESTION #1ANSWER

E XPLORATION OF M ATERIALS Answer the Pre-lab questions Review the procedure Experiment with cup phones made of various materials Write your observations Discuss ideas regarding materials to be used in the design challenge

HOMEWORK I N -C LASS M USEUM F OLLOW - UP Directions: Now that you have seen the correct formulas and the values for those variables, use a pen to correct your original work. I want to see work in both pencil and pen, to see the corrections and effort you put forth. http://ncfp.wordpress.com/2013/03/11/has-the-forest- service-done-its-homework/

DAY 4 Understanding Sound Wave Characteristics and Volume of Geometric Solids and Brainstorming

O VERVIEW /G OALS Exploration of Materials Lab Post-it Brainstorm Individual Sketching Presentation of Sketches to Team Selection of Top 3 Designs

P OST -I T N OTE B RAINSTORMING 1. Take 3 minutes to individually write down as many ideas as you can. o Only one idea per post-it note o The ideas can be single words, pictures, or thought out designs http://www.promotional-product-solutions.com/Post-IT.html

http://prettyspoiled.com/2013/06/05/ea- shell-beauty-look/ http://www.nasa.gov/centers/langley/ne ws/factsheets/21stcentury.html http://trisaetum.com/about/winery/barrel- cave/ http://www.officialpsds.com/ Old-School-Record-Player- PSD28399.html http://www.a ctsofnature. com/photog allery/photo/ 241/ http://science.howstuffworks.com/tr ansport/engines- equipment/steam.htm http://skeepers.blogspot.com/20 11/01/cool-buildings.html http://www.jon- atkinson.com/Canada_Wildlife.html

http://www.myhero.com/go/hero.asp?hero=Rembrandt_06http://www.myhero.com/go/hero.asp?hero=Rembrandt_06, http://cheerleading.lovetoknow.com/Cheer_Megaphone, http://www.artboxbz.com/shop/category.aspx?catid=48, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Municipal_Theater_of_Girona_Inte riors.jpg, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sydney_Opera_House_Sails.jpg, http://joebrowns.blogspot.com/2012/02/cool-places-to-visit-around- world.html, http://www.cockburn.leeds.sch.uk/stump-cross-caverns-and- coldstones-cut-visit http://cheerleading.lovetoknow.com/Cheer_Megaphone http://www.artboxbz.com/shop/category.aspx?catid=48 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Municipal_Theater_of_Girona_Inte riors.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sydney_Opera_House_Sails.jpg http://joebrowns.blogspot.com/2012/02/cool-places-to-visit-around- world.htmlhttp://www.cockburn.leeds.sch.uk/stump-cross-caverns-and- coldstones-cut-visit

P OST -I T N OTE B RAINSTORMING 2. Now, one at a time share what is on one of the post-its in your stack. o Put these in the middle to make a big group pile 3. When someone adds a post-it idea to the team stack, everyone else in the group needs to write down a new idea and add it to their individual stack to share later. 4. Do this for 7 minutes or until you run out of ideas.

I NDIVIDUAL S KETCHING Inspired? Take 10 minutes on your own to sketch 3 or more conceptual drawings of a universal cell phone sound amplifier You will be sharing these with your team members, so please do not discuss during the time given for your individual sketching

P RESENTATION OF S KETCHES TO T EAM Each team member presents one sketch at a time to the team Rotate around the group until each person has shared all 3 sketches Explain your sketch and ensure that everyone understands the purpose and function of your design Ask questions of one anothers designs and point out key functions, outstanding pieces, or critical components

S ELECTION OF T OP 3 D ESIGNS As a team, narrow down to three sketches total Think about how best features can incorporated into the top three designs, even if they are from designs that were not selected Be positive as you critique each sketch and eliminate some designs

DAY 5 Decision Analysis and Selecting of Team Prototype Design

O VERVIEW /G OALS Entrance Slip Decision Analysis Matrix and Design Selection Organize Materials List for Building Homework: Gather Materials for Construction

E NTRANCE S LIP Complete the 5 questions on the half-slip of paper, make sure your name is on it & turn it in when finished!

R EMEMBER Y OU WORK FOR PINE A PPLE I NC. This company works directly with the Disaster Relief Association (DRA) to assist with community revival throughout the United States. Your job is to help them assist others after the recent U.S. catastrophe. DRA needs to make important announcements to the affected people and needs an easy way to amplify these messages. Keep this in mind when you are pitching your device to the class and detail how the aspects of your design help the cause.

C HALLENGE G OALS : O BJECTIVES & C ONSTRAINTS Objectives: Constraints: - inexpensive -no glass components - portable -no electrical components - user-friendly -no batteries - universal - less than $15 -aesthetically pleasing - the overall volume cannot be more than 10 times the volume of the electronic device *each team should write an additional Objective or Constraint on their Decision Analysis Matrix

D ECISION A NALYSIS M ATRIX I NTRODUCTION The Decision Analysis Matrix is a tool used by engineers to solve problems. It is a chart that contains the goals that you want your project to fulfill. o These goals will be based off of your list of objectives and constraints You will be given one Decision Analysis Matrix sheet per group

D ECISION A NALYSIS M ATRIX D IRECTIONS 1. Give each of the goals a weight from a scale of 1- 10; with 10 being the most important and 1 the least important. 2. Then use a numerical system to score each design o 3 would be the design that totally meets the goal o 2 would be the design that somewhat meets the goal o 1 would be the design that doesn't meet the goal 3. Then multiply the weight and score to create a value for each design. 4. The values are then added together to form a total. 5. The design that scores the highest would be considered the "best".

M ATERIALS L IST As a team, create a list of materials needed to construct your prototype. Each team member will be responsible for bringing the materials which he or she commits to contribute. You may want to ask some team members to duplicate materials to ensure you'll have everything you need.

HOMEWORKG ATHER M ATERIALS Record the list of materials you are responsible for and gather them over the weekend. You will be building next class period! http://ncfp.wordpress.com/2013/03/11/has-the-forest- service-done-its-homework/

DAY 6 Final Prototype Design and Construction!

O VERVIEW /G OALS Final Sketch of Prototype Design Construction of Prototype

F INAL S KETCH OF P ROTOTYPE Complete on graph paper or blank paper Include Team Number and Design Title Include all details of prototype multiple viewpoints may be needed Draw sketches and only use text to label http://sketch.name/shop/sketchpads/browser paper/

C ONSTRUCTING THE P ROTOTYPE Keep your Team Roles and Code of Conduct in mind as you construct. Employ proper safety measures while you build. Follow your final design and make adjustments as needed! http://www.gsacpas.com/industries/constructi on-real-estate.cfm

DAYS 7 & 8 Prototype Construction, Testing & Redesign

O VERVIEW /G OALS Teams work at their own pace to complete listed tasks: Team Proposal Construction of Prototype Testing of Prototype Data Analysis Redesign and Reflection Homework Day 7: Prepare for Final Work Session Homework Day 8: Redesign and Reflection

E XPLANATION OF T EAM P ROPOSAL Create a poster or multimedia presentation (PowerPoint or Prezi) Include a sketch of your final design, selling points, the Design Analysis Matrix, and a sketch or explanation of the teams redesign Include your teams chosen objectives or constraints

C ONSTRUCTION & T ESTING OF P ROTOTYPE Team time to construct your prototype Students will test prototypes upon completion of construction o Using the decibel 10th app on the iPhone o In the hallway/In a silent classroom o The test will use a specific music playing device and have a set volume that will be consistent for all teams o Test your device three times and record the values into the data sheet, then find the average value

D ATA A NALYSIS Items to record on your data table: Sound intensity in decibels Dimensions of the prototype and dimensions of the device Ratio of the volume of the device to the volume of the prototype

R EDESIGN D ISCUSSION REdesign?!?! What??? Why would we do that? Our product worked! Well...how could you have made it even better? If your prototype wasn't effective, team discussions and individual reflections are vital to improvement!

C OMPLETE P ROPOSAL As a team, decide what format(s) you would like to use to report your findings and conclusion Next, create a poster or multimedia presentation (PowerPoint or Prezi) Include a sketch of your final design, selling points, the Design Analysis Matrix, and a sketch or explanation of the teams redesign Include your teams chosen objectives or constraints

HOMEWORK D AY 7P REPARE FOR F INAL W ORK T IME Tomorrow is the last class period given to build, test, analyze data, and redesign. Plan out how your team will accomplish all of these tasks during class. http://ncfp.wordpress.com/2013/03/11/has-the-forest- service-done-its-homework/

HOMEWORK D AY 8R EDESIGN After talking briefly with your team, you should have some ideas...and hopefully you'll generate some of your own. Think about what you could have done in advance or retroactively to improve your design. Sketch and write an explanation for your ideas. http://ncfp.wordpress.com/2013/03/11/has-the-forest- service-done-its-homework/

DAY 9 Team Presentations

O VERVIEW /G OALS Team Presentations of Proposals http://www.publicspeakinginternational.com/team-presentation-training/

DAY 10 Unit Conclusion

O VERVIEW /G OALS Post-Test Peer and Self Evaluations

P OST -T EST Set timer for 30 minutes http://www.online-stopwatch.com/large-stopwatch/

P EER AND S ELF -E VALUATION Please write your name and the name of your team members Be honest! Your answers are confidential Hand deliver to the teacher, do not pass to other students

CONGRATS! YOU FINISHED THE UNIT!

u niversal c ell p hone s ound a mplifier. day 1 introduction to sound and the universal cell phone...

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