(u) understanding information operations and the md arng 110...

U N C L A S S I F I E D


(U) Understanding Information Operationsand the MD ARNG 110th IO FSB

The Overall Classification of this Brief is:UNCLASSIFIED

Current as of: 20160623

1 1 0 T H I n f o r m a t i o n O p e r a t i o n s F o r w a r d S u p p o r t B a t t a l i o n

The supreme art of war is to subdue the enemy without fighting.

The greatest victory is that which requires no battle.~ Sun Tzu




WHY Information Operations Matters

BLUF: IIA/IO saves resources (lives, equipment, and time) in support of Mission Command

Prior to the start of the Gulf War, an IO operation (e.g. MISO) dropped safe conduct passes behind Iraqi lines. Thousands of Iraqi troops either defected prior to the ground war or surrendered in mass at the commencement of the ground war. More than 29 million leaflets were distributed by MC-130, F-16, B-52, and FA-18 aircraft using M129A1 leaflet bombs. Notice the leaflets in the hands of some of these Iraqis.

98% of Iraqi’s saw a leaflet44% of force deserted.Most had leaflets and were following instructions.




Agenda• Information Operations (IO)

– IO Defined and References – Inform and Influence Activities (IIA) and

Information Environment (IE) – IIA correlates with Mission Command– IO support within a BCT– Information Related Capabilities (IRC)

• 110th IO Field Support Battalion– Task Organization – Current Missions– Operational Reach– CJTF-HOA J39 – 110th IO FSB Transformation

• Transformation– Army, Signal, IO Transformation– IO Relates to Cyber Operations – Maryland Cyber Center of Excellence

• Questions and Comments




IO Defined

• FM 3-13 Key Army integrating manual for IO, prescribes IO doctrine and tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTP)

• JP 3-13 Provides the bridge into understanding IO at the joint level

• FM 3-60 Army targeting process• JP 3-60 Provides joint targeting guidance• ADP 6-0 (C1) Provides commanders and

staffs a guide on command, control, and the mission command war fighting function.

• JP 5-0 Encompasses planning doctrine for full• range of activities required for conducting joint

operations• ADP 5-0 Provides guidance on planning,

preparing, executing, and continuously assessing operations

• TC 18-06 Provides guidance and doctrinal template for implementing and understanding IO

• IO is the integrated employment, during military operations, of information-related capabilities in concert with other lines of operation to influence, disrupt, corrupt, or usurp the decision-making of adversaries and potential adversaries while protecting our own

http://usacac.army.mil/cac2/SlideShow2012/Images/CoverFM313.jpg




IIA and the Information Environment




Synchronization of IRCs Accomplishes the Mission

IO is not about ownership of individual capabilities, but rather the use of those capabilities as force multipliers to create a desired effect.

OPSEC NETWORK DEF

OSINT IIA IRs

Movement and Maneuver

Protection

Intelligence

Fires

Sustainment

COMBATCAMERA DECEPTION

SOLDIER/LEADERENGAGEMENTS

IIA/EW/CEMA EFFECTSIIA ASSESSMENT

CA/CMO RESOURCINGSIGINT

MISO

S/KLE

Mission Command

Lead: SKL/KLE, PAO, etc.

Understand: Design, MDMP, PMESII-PT, ASCOPE Visualize: CIO (CoG), IO Concept of Spt.Describe: Sync Matrix, ANNEX K, App. X of ANNEX C Direct: D3A, TWG, IIAWG, Sync Matrix, Running

Estimate

Assess: Assessments (OBJ, MOE, MOP)

Operations Process

Presenter

Presentation Notes

Of the six WfFs, the Mission Command WfF is the central, coordinating WfF Do we see this relationship in the organization? How does IIA coordinate, integrate and synchronize with the other WfFs? Physical Security would fall under protection.




Inform and Influence Activities (IIA)

Task: Integrate designated information-related capabilities in order to synchronize themes, messages and action with operationsPurpose: To inform United States and global audiences, influence foreign audiences, and affect adversary and enemy decision-making

Inform Influence

Public Affairs

Military Information Support Operations

Soldier/Leader Engagement

Combat Camera

IRC’s: A military capability or activity that when designated can be used for the purpose of conducting or supporting IIA :

Task: Conduct Inform activitiesPurpose: To provide information to domestic and foreign audiences to accurately describe operations

Task: Conduct Influence activitiesPurpose: To effectively change attitudes, beliefs and ultimately behavior of foreign friendly, neutral, adversary and enemy audiences to support operations

• Strategic Communication (SC) • Military Information Support Operations

(MISO)• Joint Interagency Coordination Group

(JIACG) • Intelligence (Intel)

• Public Affairs (PA)• Military Deception (MILDEC)• Civil-Military Operations (CMO) • Operations Security (OPSEC)• Cyberspace Operations (CO) • Special Technical Operations (STO)

• Information Assurance (IA) • Joint Electromagnetic Spectrum Operations

(JEMSO)• Space Operations (Space Ops)• Key Leader Engagement (KLE) • Electronic Warfare (EW) spt, prot.

Presenter

Presentation Notes

IIA is not about ownership of individual capabilities but rather the use of those capabilities as force multipliers to create a desired effect. There are many military capabilities that contribute to IIA and should be taken into consideration during the planning process: Communication Synchronization Public Affairs Civil-Military Operations Cyberspace Operations Information Assurance Space Operations Military Information Support Operations (MISO) Military Deception Special Technical Operations Operations Security (OPSEC) Key Leader Engagement (KLE) The S7/G7/J7 do not “own” anyone (IRCs) but must work with, through and by all IRC enablers and other enablers and organizations towards the common goal of meeting the Cdr’s requirements and accomplishing the stated mission and intent. Inform and influence activities support mission accomplishment and achievement of the commander’s desired endstate. Integration and synchronization occurs throughout the planning process. How do we currently express the commander’s IIA intent to the staff? To Subordinate commander’s during parallel planning?




BCT Structure with IO Support

Presenter

Presentation Notes

When our IO Detachments go down range to support Conventional and unconventional elements we go alone. . . Our Detachments consist of S7, two IO Planners, Sr MISO NCO an IO Intel Officer all three have received training from either Vermont school house for TIOC or First IO for IO CAP all have taken integration courses for MILDEC, MISO, EW, PA. . . .the G7 FA30 qualified. . . While the others recommended but not required. . . Looking at this pragmatically - what does an IO Officer own? What can he directly task? Answer: IIA officer owns no one. Works by, with and through IOT accomplish the mission and CDR’s intent and endstate. IIA is a coordinating function. Who else does the G-7 routinely coordinate with? PA, MISO, JAG, CA, Chaplain, Fires, EW, SLE, SOF……. CDR: Commanders lead inform and influence activities, primarily advised by the G-7 and supported by the entire staff. G-7, IIA/IO Officer: Primary IIA coordinating staff officer that integrates information related capabilities (IRCs). Is the Commander’s advisor on all IIA activities. Conducts IIA Working Group. Nominates IIA targets. Develops MOPs (Measures of Performance) and MOEs (Measures of Effectiveness). Does vertical and horizontal coordination. G-3, Operations Officer: Develops plans and orders. Allocates Reconnaissance & Surveillance assets. Synchronizes operations. G-2, Intelligence Officer: Incorporate IIA into IPB. Uses Open Source Intelligence and other intelligence sources (Secret, TS, TS/SCI, HUMINT, IMINT, etc) to support IIA. Develops Priority Intelligence Requirements. What is the role of coordinating staff officers and how are they organized as a staff? (Suggested Solutions) Staff Role: The commander and his staff focus on recognizing and anticipating battlefield activities in order to decide and act faster than the enemy. All staff organizations and procedures exist to make the organization, analysis, and presentation of vast amounts of information manageable for the commander Coordinating Staff Officers: Commander’s principal staff assistants; directly accountable to the CofS. Coordinating staff officers are responsible for one or a combination of broad fields of interest. Q: What is the role of the special staff group? (Suggested Response) Special Staff Group: G7 also coordinates with Special staff officers to help the commander and other members of the staff in their professional or technical functional areas. The specific number of special staff officers and their duties vary at each level of command. Special staff sections are organized according to functional areas (e.g., the fire support coordinator (FSCOORD) is the staff officer whose functional area is fire support and artillery). STRESS THESE POINTS: Staffs exist to help the commander make and implement decisions. Staff organizations and procedures are structured to meet the commanders critical information requirements. Command is the authoritative act of making decisions and ordering action Control is the act of monitoring and influencing this action. The focus of command and control is the commander. Continued on Next Slide




Military Information Support Operations

• Military information support operations (MISO) is the commander’s primary capability to inform and influence foreign populations within the area of operations.

• Works with the premise that information drives perception, and perception drives behavior…controlling information, can control behavior.

• Military information support Soldiers conduct operations to induce or reinforce specific attitudes and behaviors favorable to U.S. military objectives.

• Provide subject matter expertise within the G-7 (S-7) IIA section.

• Also assist the commander in executing Soldier and leader engagement

FM 3-13

Presenter

Presentation Notes

(FM 3-13, para 2-7) The purpose of psychological operations is to induce or reinforce foreign attitudes and behavior favorable to the originator’s objectives (JP 3-53). Only Department of Defense agencies (including Army forces) conduct PSYOP. Strategic-level PSYOP are synchronized with International Public Information Program (IPIP). The IPIP coordinates dissemination of information about US foreign policy outside the United States, its territories, and its possessions through by various government agencies. Presidential Decision Directive 68 requires that information distributed through the IPIP not be designed “to mislead foreign audiences,” and that information programs “must be truthful.”




Military Deception (MILDEC)• Deliberately mislead adversary

military, paramilitary, or violent extremist organization decision-makers.

• Intends for the adversary to take specific actions (or inactions) that contribute to the accomplishment of the friendly mission.

• G-7 (S-7) not directly responsible for military deception, but MILDEC is considered an influencing capability of IIA.

• MILDEC consists of: – Counter-deception – Deception in support of OPSEC – Tactical deception.

Presenter

Presentation Notes

(FM 3-13, para 2-18) Military Deception is used to make an adversary more vulnerable to the effects of friendly force weapons, maneuver, and operations. MD operations deceive adversaries by manipulation, distortion, or falsification of evidence, and induce them to react in a manner prejudicial to their interests. Two ways of manipulating adversary commanders are: • Increasing their uncertainty concerning friendly force intent. • Reducing their uncertainty concerning a friendly course of action. MD used offensively causes adversary commanders to act based on inaccurate impressions. Adversary actions may include wasting intelligence assets or failing to use other resources to their best advantage. MD used defensively hides friendly force capabilities and intentions.




Cyber Electromagnetic Activities

• Commanders and Staffs can designate other capabilities support IIA efforts

• Cyber electromagnetic activities are activities leveraged to seize, retain, and exploit an advantage over adversaries and enemies in both cyberspace and the electromagnetic spectrum, while simultaneously denying and degrading adversary and enemy use of the same and protecting the mission command system (ADRP 3-0).

• Components of cyber electromagnetic activities are:

– Cyberspace Operations– Electronic Warfare– Electromagnetic Spectrum

Management Operations.




110th IO FSB

• Federally recognized as an organization on 1 April 2008 following the deactivation of the 2d Battalion, 110th Field Artillery

• Carries the 2d Battalion, 110th Field Artillery lineage, dating back to earlier artillery units in the Revolutionary War and the Battle of North Point, during the War of 1812.

• 14 IO FST deployments to date; 2 more resourced

• Defenders of City Hall, Baltimore, MD• Blizzard Jonas response




MDARNG Task Organization58th

eMIB

629th MI BN 629th SIG CO 110th IOFSB

HHD DET 1IOFST

X 3

DET 2IOFST

X 3

SOD-O 2-20th SF

FIELD SUPPORT TEAMMISSION: Facilitate the planning and execution of information operations by providing specialized subject matter experts in all information operations elements as required, on a mission need/driven basis.Operations Officer O4 30APlans Officer O3 01AOperations Officer O3 01AAll Source Intel Officer O3 35DAll Source Intel Tech W3 350FMOS Immaterial/Operations Sergeant E8 00DMOS Immaterial/Targeting NCO E7 00DInfo Systems Staff NCO E7 25BSenior Counter-Intel Sergeant E7 35LMOS Immaterial/Tactical IO NCO E6 00D

FIELD SUPPORT DETACHMENTMISSION: To provide the supported command with split-based operational capability and the ability to task organize with other IO capabilities to meet mission requirementsCommander O5 30AINFO OPS Officer O4 30AIO Targeting (2 slots) O4 30AIO Officer (2 slots) O4 30ASIGINT/EW Officer O4 35GPublic Affairs Officer O4 46ANetwork Officer O4 53ACI Officer O3 35EINFO SYS Tech W3 251AMOS Immaterial E9 00DSIGINT Chief E8 35Z




Federal Mission

Army

ACOIC

STRATCOM

1st IO CMD (L)

NETCOM/9th SC INSCOM

ADCONOPCONASSIGNEDTRO

ARNG USAR

CYBERBDE

VA DPU

CYBERCOM

OPCON

PROPONENT

ARCYBER/2nd Army

110 FSB 156 GSB

56 TIOG

101 FSB 102 GSB

71 TIOG

ARIOC

303 FSB 304 GSB

152 TIOG

301 FSB 302 GSB

151 TIOG




Current Missions• OEF/SOCOM FST (‘10-’13) x7• CJTF-HOA J39 IO (7th rotation)• DSCA:

– Baltimore Unrest 2015– Blizzard Jonas 2016

• Asymmetric Warfare Group • USCYBERCOM J2 Exercises, Training & Readiness

Division Chief• Counter-ISIL Regional Action Officer in the Office of

the Secretary of Defense• NGB J5 – USEUCOM/USAFRICOM IO Planning

Cell • Cyber Guard 2012- 2016 (12 Pax)• Cyber Shield 2016 (14 Pax)• CND Analyst, CPT




110th IO FSB Operational Reach

11

2 1

1

2

GEOGRAPHIC PRESENCE

32

1

2

4

1

2

OEF/SOCOM: Dec 10 – Jun 13

HOA: Oct 11 – continuing

Exercise Support to PACOM

Partnership for Peace w/BiH and Estonia

1 HOME STATION: Annapolis, MD

AFRICOM

USCYBERCOM

Asymmetric Warfare Group

2

3

4

1

2

17

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIEDUNCLASSIFIED

CJTF-HOA J39 IOSECRET//REL TO USA, AGCUUNCLASSIFIED

• CJTF HOA Mission: Through unified action with US and international partners in EastAfrica, Combined Joint Task Force – Horn of Africa conducts security force assistance,executes military engagement, provides force protection, and provides militarysupport to regional counter-violent extremist organization operations in order tosupport aligned regional efforts, ensure regional access and freedom of movement, andprotect US interests.

• Be prepared to execute and/or provide support to crisis response and limited contingencyoperations in order to protect US military, diplomatic, and civilian personnel, facilities, andinterests.

• FST Mission: Support the CJTF-HOA commander’s ability to inform and influence audiences across the area of operations to shape desired outcomes.

• Commander and staff regularly use the following designated information-related capabilities to inform and influence audiences:

• Combat Camera• Operational Security• Public Affairs • Military Information Support Operations• Military Deception

• Key Leader Engagement• Civil Affairs Operations• Space Operations• Electronic Warfare • Cyber Operations

18

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

J-39 Effects Branch

J39

Director 1 x 05

I/O STO

CYBER PLANNER 1 x 04

MISO

I/O PLANNER 1 x O4

I/O PLANNER 1 x O3

I/O INTEL 1 x E7

COMCAM

OIC 1 x O3

PHOTOGRAPHER 1 x E5

PHOTOGRAPHER 1 x E4

NCOIC 1 x E6

VIDOEOGRAPHER 1 x E3

SEL/IO Planner 1 x E9

STO OIC 1 x 03 MISO OIC 1 x 04

MISO PLANNER 1 x O3

PRODUCTION OIC 1 x O2

MISO NCOIC 1 x E7

PRODUCTION NCOIC 1 x E6

GRAPHIC ILLUSTRATOR 1x E5

GRAPHIC ILLUSTRATOR 1x E4

HR SGT 1xE4

TAAT NCO 1 x E6

TAAT NCO 1 x E6

PSYOPS SGT 1 x E6

PSYOPS SGT 1 x E6

PSYOPS SGT 1 x E5

INTEL 1 x E4

MISO OPS OFFICER 1 x O3

18

Presenter

Presentation Notes

19

UNCLASSIFIED


CJTF-HOA J39 IOSECRET//REL TO USA, AGCUUNCLASSIFIED

The 110th IO BN from the Maryland Army National Guard provides a 5-person IO team deployed to CJTF-HOA on a continuous basis

• 9 month rotations with a 2 week right-seat/left-seat• 5 personnel led by a Major (qualified as FA30-Information Operations), everyone must attend Joint IO

Planners Course • Team-members normally attend the following courses in the year prior to deployment

• IO Capabilities (an Army doctrine specific course) (if not already FA30)• MISO Integration Course• Military Deception (MILDEC) Integration Course• Electronic Warfare (EW) Integration Course• OPSEC Planners Course• Socio-Cultural Information Integration Course (SIIC)• Army Cyber Operations Planner Course (ACOPC) (the old BCNOPC)• STO PDAS Users Course (Select Individuals)• Joint C4I Course (Select Individuals)• Joint Targeting Course• Joint MILDEC Planners Course

• Maintain reach-back capabilities with 1st IO CMD located at Fort Belvoir, VA• Provide periodic updates to the next team via emails and VTCs

20

UNCLASSIFIED


CJTF-HOA J39 IO Current ProjectsSECRET//REL TO USA, AGCUUNCLASSIFIED

What is IO Working On Now:• HOA Support Plan (HSP)

• CJTF-HOA Regional Plan to support the new Theater Campaign Plan (TCP)• Appendices to OPORDs

• NN: Eritrea, Kenya, S. Sudan, and Sudan• Mission Analysis of HSP• PIO Conference Planning

• Contracts• Supporting MISO Efforts in AO

• Mission Travel• Mogadishu • AFRICOM visits (Stuttgart Germany)• Embassy Site Visits (NN Support)




110th Current MTOE

HQ

HHD DET A DET B

S1 S2/3 S4

CURRENT 110th IO FSB

IO FSTIO FST

IO FSTIO FST

IO FSTIO FST

STAFF

No CO




110th Transformation

HQ

HHC General Support Co Field Support Co

110th IO FSB 2017

S1 S2 S3 S4

MILDEC Support Det

IO assessment and Effects

OPSEC Support Det

Web OPSEC Support Det

ASCC Support Det

S6

STAFF

HQ

HHD DET A DET B

S1 S2/3 S4

CURRENT 110th IO FSB

IO FSTIO FST

IO FSTIO FST

IO FSTIO FST

STAFF




TRANSFORMATION




Army Transformation

1995 2000 2010 2015

Presenter

Presentation Notes

2-110th Artillery decommissioned in 2008 58th BFSB – decommissioned in 2015; 67th BFSB in NE ARNG 1-158 CAV decommissioned in 2015; 134th CAV in NE ARNG




Signal Corps Transformation

Feb. 4, 1881

Fort Whipple was renamed for Brigadier General Albert J. Myer,

who established the Signal School of Instruction for Army and Navy

Officers there in 1869

21 Jun.1860

In a letter to Secretary of War Jefferson Davis, dated 1 October 1856, Myer offered for the War Department’s consideration a system of military and naval signals based on his dissertation.

US Army Signal Corps established

1856

“Cyber” replaced “Signal” on the sign at

McKenna Gate 1

7 Nov, 2014

Ft. Gordon designated Signal

Corps Training Center

Sep., 1948

Designated U.S. Army Cyber

Command HQ

2013

MG Fogarty assumed duties as CG, U.S. Army Cyber

COE and Fort GordonCyber branch is

established

8 Sep., 2014 TODAY

Draft 2017 National Defense

Auth. Act to elevate Cyber

Command to a unified

command

SDR Radio

2012

Internet of

Things




IO Trans: Past is Prologue

• IO grew out of emergent thinking in the 1990s that was concerned with what, exactly, information-age warfare would look like.

• What began in doctrine as C2W (CJCSI 3201.01, 1996) was part of a broader construct – information warfare – and ultimately evolved into information operations.

• NOW?

Redefining Information Warfare Boundaries for an Army in a Wireless World, Isaac R. Porche III, RAND Corp., 2013




How IO Relates to CO

• Information Operations (IO) and Cyberspace Operations (CO), while related, now represent two doctrinally distinct operating concepts.

• IO integrates specific capabilities to affect the decision making of target audiences, while protecting our own decision processes.

• CO is one of the capabilities under IO, but CO has evolved to the point where it can create effects far beyond the information environment.

• DoD now treats cyberspace as an independent “fifth domain” with distinct cyber missions. Despite these differences, IO and CO both take place in the information environment, and as such, share many of the same legal issues.

• Any offensive IO/CO prior to hostilities must comply with the UN Charter. • While the principles are similar to any other aspect of IO, the areas of electronic warfare

(EW) and cyberspace operations (CO) are probably the most likely to create significant legal issues.

Operational Law Handbook, Information Operations and Cyberspace Operations, Chapter 8, pg. 139, 2015




MD Transformation - Cyber COE

• Initiative lead by MG Linda Singh, 29th Adjutant General of Maryland

• Intent: Open, accessible, inclusive cyber collaboration space• Who: Industry, Universities, Government, MD Military

Department (ARNG, ANG), US Army (Compo 1, 2, 3) • What: Educational, Developmental, Experimental – cyber range,

demonstrations, presentations, lectures, exercises. • When: Initiatives and coordination have begun; no set deadline• Where: Central Maryland• HOW: like-minded, collaborative, forward-thinking, engaging

leaders taking action



GOT IO ???

Information drives perception, perception drives behavior…controlling information, can control behavior.

The greatest victory is that which requires no battle. ~ Sun Tzu

(u) understanding information operations and the md arng 110...

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