u03 nature-nurture slides 2011

8/4/2019 u03 Nature-Nurture slides 2011

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Nature, Nurture, and

Human Diversity unit 03



Behavior Genetics and

Evolutionary Psychmodule 6

4



How genetics work



Identicaltwins

Fraternaltwins



Twin studies Adoption studies



Temperament



Heritability is the extent to

which variation among

individuals can be attributed to

genetic factors.



Epigenetics is the is the study of

how the expression of genes

change without corresponding

changes to the genome itself.



Evolutionary Psychology

14



P r i n c i p l e s

o f E v o l u

t i o n a r y

P s y c h 1. The brain is a physical system

2. Neural circuits were designed by

natural selection

3. Most processing evolved to be

subconscious

4. Neural circuits are specialized by task

5. Modern skulls house a Stone Age mind



Why do we like sugar?



Sugar?

• Our ancestors needed to eat ripe fruit to meet their nutritional

needs.

• When fruit is ripe, it is loaded with sugars.

• If our ancestor had a taste for sugar, he or she would be a little

more likely to eat ripe fruit.

• His or her resulting good health would make him or her stronger

and more attractive to potential mates.

• He or she might leave more offspring who, inheriting this taste

for ripe fruit, would be more likely to survive to reproductive

age.



Handout



David Buss reports outcomes for these items in a

comprehensive study of 37 cultures.

For the international samples, both sexes rated mutual

attraction-love, dependable character , emotional stability and

maturity , and pleasing disposition as most important

and chastity , similar religious background , and similar political background as least important.

In terms of sex differences, Buss found good support for

the evolutionary hypothesis that good looks and chastity are rated more important by males and that good

financial prospect and ambitious and industrious are rated

more important by females.



So, what are the lessons about Lovefrom the perspective of Evolutionary

Psychologists?



Environmental Influences

on Behaviormodule 7

21



NO, you cannot!



Parental influence

Peer influence

Cultural influence

including norms & memes

Collectivist vs Individualistic cultures



Gender

26



T h e N

a t u r e o

f G e n d e r



Think of your parents ...

M o m o r D a d

?



When you went out, who drove?

Who writes the family “Thank You” cards?

Who is more likely to ask, “Where is my grey sweater?”

When he car needs repairs, who takes it to the garage?

Who does the laundry?Who dusts & vacuums?

When you have guests for dinner, who makes the

drinks? the coffee?Who waters the house plants?

When you go on a trip, who packs the suitcases? Who

loads the car?



Gender formation

30



Social

Learning

Theory



Social

Learning

Theory

Gender-Schema

Theory



What happens when the physical body does notalign with an individual’s gender identity?

u03 nature-nurture slides 2011

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