u07 the simplest living things
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Essential Natural Science 1Unit 7
HOME RESOURCESCONTENTS
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ACTIVITY LINKS
CONTENTS
RESOURCES
ACTIVITY
LINKS
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Essential Natural Science 1Unit 7
Contents
The simplest living things
Protoctist kingdom
ProtozoaAlgae
Microorganisms
Beneficial or harmfulIllnessesProtection
Monera kingdom
CharacteristicsClassificationNutritionReproduction
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Viruses
CharacteristicsInfection process
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Essential Natural Science 1Unit 7
HOME
Resources
What are algae like?
What are protozoa like?
What are bacteria like?
How are bacteria classified?
Bacteria nutrition How do bacteria reproduce and interact?
What is a virus like?
Viral infection process
Illnesses Protection against infectious diseases
HOME RESOURCESCONTENTS
CLOSEBACK
ACTIVITY LINKS
Animation: Monerans and Protoctists
Interactive activity: Protoctists
Links
Are all microorganisms harmful?
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Essential Natural Science 1Unit 7
genetic material
What are bacteria like?
flagellum
capsule
cell wall
cellmembrane
cytoplasm
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• Unicellular• Prokaryote• Most are heterotrophs.• Some form colonies.• Habitat: all types
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Essential Natural Science 1Unit 7
What are protozoa like?
• Unicellular• Eukaryotes• Heterotrophs• Aquatic habitats
zooplankton
Classification (according to the way they move)
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Ciliates
Rhizopods Sporozoa
FlagellatesFlagellates
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Essential Natural Science 1Unit 7
• Unicellular• Eukaryotes• Heterotrophs• Aquatic habitats
zooplankton
Ciliates Flagellates
Rhizopods Sporozoa
What are protozoa like?
GO BACK
flagellum
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Classification (according to the way they move)
Trypanosoma
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Essential Natural Science 1Unit 7
• Unicellular• Eukaryotes• Heterotrophs• Aquatic habitats
zooplankton
Flagellates
Rhizopods Sporozoa
Flagellates
GO BACK
Classification (according to the way they move)
Paramecium
What are protozoa like?
cilia
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Ciliates
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Essential Natural Science 1Unit 7
• Unicellular• Eukaryotes• Heterotrophs• Aquatic habitats
zooplankton
Classification (according to the way they move)
Ciliates
Rhizopods Sporozoa
What are protozoa like?
pseudopods
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Amoeba
FlagellatesFlagellates
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Essential Natural Science 1Unit 7
What are protozoa like?
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Plasmodium
No movement.
• Unicellular• Eukaryotes• Heterotrophs• Aquatic habitats
zooplankton
Classification (according to the way they move)
Ciliates
Rhizopods Sporozoa
FlagellatesFlagellates
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Essential Natural Science 1Unit 7
What are algae like?
Classification (according to pigment)
CLICK TO LEARN MORE
• Unicellular or multicellular• Eukaryotes• Autotrophs• Some form colonies.• Aquatic habitats
phytoplankton
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FlagellatesBrown algae
FlagellatesRed algae
FlagellatesGreen algae
FlagellatesSymbiosis between algae and fungi
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Essential Natural Science 1Unit 7
Classification (according to pigment)• Unicellular or multicellular• Eukaryotes• Autotrophs• Some form colonies.• Aquatic habitats
phytoplankton
What are algae like?
GO BACK
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FlagellatesBrown algae
FlagellatesRed algae
FlagellatesGreen algae
Red pigment
FlagellatesSymbiosis between algae and fungi
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Essential Natural Science 1Unit 7
Classification (according to pigment)• Unicellular or multicellular• Eukaryotes• Autotrophs• Some form colonies.• Aquatic habitats
phytoplankton
What are algae like?
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GO BACKFlagellatesBrown algae
FlagellatesRed algae
FlagellatesGreen algae
Green, yellowish pigment
FlagellatesSymbiosis between algae and fungi
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Essential Natural Science 1Unit 7
• Unicellular or multicellular• Eukaryotes• Autotrophs• Some form colonies.• Aquatic habitats
phytoplankton
FlagellatesBrown algae
FlagellatesRed algae
FlagellatesGreen algae
What are algae like?
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chlorophyll
Green pigment
FlagellatesSymbiosis between algae and fungi
Classification (according to pigment)
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Essential Natural Science 1Unit 7
What are lichen?
Symbiosis between unicellular algae and fungi
unicellular algae
fungal hyphae
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Lichen (under a microscope)
Fruticose lichen
Types of lichen
Foliose lichen
Crustose lichen
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Essential Natural Science 1Unit 7
Animation: Monerans and Protoctists
HOME RESOURCESCONTENTS
CLOSEBACK
ACTIVITY LINKS
OPENOPEN
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Essential Natural Science 1Unit 7
Bacteria nutrition
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Photosynthesis
Parasites
Saprophytes
Heterotrophs Autotrophs
Symbionts
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Essential Natural Science 1Unit 7
Parasites
Heterotrophs Autotrophs
Bacteria nutrition
• feed off living things• cause illnesses (tuberculosis, cholera)
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Saprophytes
Symbionts Photosynthesis
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Essential Natural Science 1Unit 7
Bacteria nutrition
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Parasites
Saprophytes
Heterotrophs Autotrophs
Symbionts Photosynthesis
• live on dead or decomposing matter • are used to make food
milk
cheese
yoghurt
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Essential Natural Science 1Unit 7
Bacteria nutrition
HOME RESOURCESCONTENTS
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ACTIVITY LINKS
Parasites
Saprophytes
Symbionts
Heterotrophs Autotrophs
• live in the bodies of other living things
intestinal bacteria
Photosynthesis
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Essential Natural Science 1Unit 7
Bacteria nutrition
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Parasites
Saprophytes
Heterotrophs
Symbionts
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
oxygen +
organic substances
cyanobacteriaAutotrophs
carbon dioxide
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Essential Natural Science 1Unit 7
How are bacteria classified?
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spherical
Coccus
curved -rod shaped
Vibrio
Bacillus
rod-shaped
Spirillum
helical
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Essential Natural Science 1Unit 7
How do bacteria reproduce and interact?
Binary fissionminutes
0
30
60
90
1.500
1.000
50
Time (in hours)5 15 20
unfavourable
growth of bacteria
Environmental conditions
Sporulation
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amount of bacteria (in millions)
favourable
resistant spores
START
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Essential Natural Science 1Unit 7
How do bacteria reproduce and interact?
Binary fissionminutes
0
30
60
90
1.500
1.000
50
time (in hours)5 15 20
unfavourable
growth of bacteria
Environmental conditions
Sporulation
HOME RESOURCESCONTENTS
CLOSEBACK
ACTIVITY LINKS
amount of bacteria (in millions)
favourable
resistant spores
GO BACK
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Essential Natural Science 1Unit 7
What is a virus like?
• Extremely small• Obligate parasites• Unable to move• Extensive habitat
capsid
nucleic acidHIV virus
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viral envelope (membrane)
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Essential Natural Science 1Unit 7
cell
virus
Viral infection process
The virus enters the cell.
Reproduction and assembly of viral components.
New viruses leave the cell.
1
1
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2
3
2
3
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Essential Natural Science 1Unit 7
Are all microorganisms harmful?
Beneficial microorganisms Harmful microorganisms
intestinal flora
food
antibiotics
pathogenic microorganisms
spoilage
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decomposer microorganisms
plankton
illnesses
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Essential Natural Science 1Unit 7
Infection
headache
vomiting
fever
Illnesses caused by microorganisms
Transmission
sexual transmission
in food or water
in air
skin
Female Anopheles mosquito
Plasmodium
Malaria
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Mortality of someinfectious diseases
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Essential Natural Science 1Unit 7
Illnesses caused by microorganisms
Transmission
sexual transmission
in food or water
in air
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skin
Number of deaths per 100,000 inhabitants
Pneumonia
Tuberculosis
Diarrhea
1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980
250
200
150
100
50
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Essential Natural Science 1Unit 7
Protection against infectious disease
ResourcesVaccinesAntibiotics
Alexander Flemingdiscovered penicillin.
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Wash your hands before eating.
Eat fresh food.
Prevention
vaccination
penicillin
Edward Jennerdiscovered vaccination.
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Essential Natural Science 1Unit 7
HOME
Interactive activity: Protoctists
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OPENOPEN
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Essential Natural Science 1Unit 7
Links
HOME
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GO TO WEBSITE
Microbe zoo
GO TO WEBSITE
Meet the microbes